Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity and Molecular Dynamics
... the negative regulation of the insulin signaling pathway and a valid potential drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other associated metabolic syndromes [5,6]. It acts by dephosphorylation of specific phosphotyrosine (pTyr) residues on the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substr ...
... the negative regulation of the insulin signaling pathway and a valid potential drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other associated metabolic syndromes [5,6]. It acts by dephosphorylation of specific phosphotyrosine (pTyr) residues on the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substr ...
TRANSPOSABLE GENETIC ELEMENTS
... a) IS elements are relatively small transposable elements that range in size from 760 to less than 2,500 base pairs (bp). They can insert at many different sites in bacterial and viral chromosomes and plasmids and episomes, and they contain genes whose products are involved in promoting and regulati ...
... a) IS elements are relatively small transposable elements that range in size from 760 to less than 2,500 base pairs (bp). They can insert at many different sites in bacterial and viral chromosomes and plasmids and episomes, and they contain genes whose products are involved in promoting and regulati ...
Figure 10.10 Deciphering the Genetic Code In 1961, Nirenberg and
... In 1961, Nirenberg and Matthaei cracked the genetic code by using an artificial mRNA in which all of the bases were uracil (poly U). In this experiment, the scientists prepared a bacterial extract that contained all of the components needed to translate proteins and then added the mRNA homopolymer. ...
... In 1961, Nirenberg and Matthaei cracked the genetic code by using an artificial mRNA in which all of the bases were uracil (poly U). In this experiment, the scientists prepared a bacterial extract that contained all of the components needed to translate proteins and then added the mRNA homopolymer. ...
Biology 376 Animal Development
... The stories are in every newspaper: cloning, stem cells, genetic engineering, in vitro fertilization, cancer therapies, organ regeneration, and protocols for prolonging our lifespan. In the past five years, developmental biology has usurped a place formerly occupied by science fiction… This ability ...
... The stories are in every newspaper: cloning, stem cells, genetic engineering, in vitro fertilization, cancer therapies, organ regeneration, and protocols for prolonging our lifespan. In the past five years, developmental biology has usurped a place formerly occupied by science fiction… This ability ...
multiplex rt-pcr reaction for simultaneous detection of tomato torrado
... of PepMV belonging to CH2 and EU genotypes, respectively. The described primers hybridize to the target even if the 1–2 nucleotide internal mismatches are present within the oligonucleotide-template duplex. Considering the fact that specificity of PCR reaction is directly related to primer-template ...
... of PepMV belonging to CH2 and EU genotypes, respectively. The described primers hybridize to the target even if the 1–2 nucleotide internal mismatches are present within the oligonucleotide-template duplex. Considering the fact that specificity of PCR reaction is directly related to primer-template ...
Full text in pdf - International Microbiology
... As expected, the non-phosphorylating GAPDHN showed no significant identity match with phosphorylating GAPDHs. Both non-phosphorylating GAPDH and phosphorylating GAPDHs showed high specificity towards D-glyceraldehyde3-phosphate [13,18], which suggested that substrate specificity of the two GAPDH for ...
... As expected, the non-phosphorylating GAPDHN showed no significant identity match with phosphorylating GAPDHs. Both non-phosphorylating GAPDH and phosphorylating GAPDHs showed high specificity towards D-glyceraldehyde3-phosphate [13,18], which suggested that substrate specificity of the two GAPDH for ...
computer simulation of a living cell: part i
... used by DNA to record the information to be passed on has been successfully analysed. Viable hypotheses have been formulated for translation of genetic information into cellular activity and structure. Experiments have yielded support for specific theories concerning the control of cellular activity ...
... used by DNA to record the information to be passed on has been successfully analysed. Viable hypotheses have been formulated for translation of genetic information into cellular activity and structure. Experiments have yielded support for specific theories concerning the control of cellular activity ...
Bacteriophage MS2 RNA
... that another important factor which leads to nonrandom codon use, may be dictated by the requirements of the translation machinery and, in particular the efficiency of codon-anticodon interaction. Indeed, several observations point to the existence of well-defined structural rules in this interactio ...
... that another important factor which leads to nonrandom codon use, may be dictated by the requirements of the translation machinery and, in particular the efficiency of codon-anticodon interaction. Indeed, several observations point to the existence of well-defined structural rules in this interactio ...
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Molecular Biology Center
... 136bp. After endonuclease digestion two fragments of 108 and 28bp characteristics for the normal cattle were detected (figure 2). Normal homozygote for DUMPS should shown three bands of 51, 36 and 21bp, carrier heterozygote four bands of 87, 51, 36 and 21bp and affected homozygote only two bands of ...
... 136bp. After endonuclease digestion two fragments of 108 and 28bp characteristics for the normal cattle were detected (figure 2). Normal homozygote for DUMPS should shown three bands of 51, 36 and 21bp, carrier heterozygote four bands of 87, 51, 36 and 21bp and affected homozygote only two bands of ...
1 BIOINFORMATICS Bioinformatics, based on National Institutes of
... Go for option “custom digest”. The program shows which enzyme cuts the fragment, how many times, and what is the favoured buffer (1,2,3,4). Choose MnlI RE, than click „digest”! The result page shows the fragment with the cleavage site. (Fig 7) ...
... Go for option “custom digest”. The program shows which enzyme cuts the fragment, how many times, and what is the favoured buffer (1,2,3,4). Choose MnlI RE, than click „digest”! The result page shows the fragment with the cleavage site. (Fig 7) ...
Document
... II. Making Species - Reproductive Isolation A. Pre-Zygotic Barriers 1. Geographic Isolation (large scale or habitat) 2. Temporal Isolation 3. Behavior Isolation - don't recognize one another as mates 4. Mechanical isolation - genitalia don't fit; limit pollinators 5. Gametic Isolation - gametes tran ...
... II. Making Species - Reproductive Isolation A. Pre-Zygotic Barriers 1. Geographic Isolation (large scale or habitat) 2. Temporal Isolation 3. Behavior Isolation - don't recognize one another as mates 4. Mechanical isolation - genitalia don't fit; limit pollinators 5. Gametic Isolation - gametes tran ...
Antisense derivatives of U7 small nuclear RNA as
... where splicing occurs. This is why derivatives of U small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and in particular of U7 snRNA, have been widely used for this purpose [1]. Apart from the advantage that the antisense RNA accumulates as part of a stable small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), U7 snRNA expression cas ...
... where splicing occurs. This is why derivatives of U small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and in particular of U7 snRNA, have been widely used for this purpose [1]. Apart from the advantage that the antisense RNA accumulates as part of a stable small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), U7 snRNA expression cas ...
Resource specialisation and the divergence of killer whale
... lineages separating more recently. The least well-supported scenarios approximate the mitogenome tree and the one proposed to explain the discrepancy between the nuclear and mtDNA trees by Foote and Morin (2015); where the transient population is ancestral and there is secondary contact in the North ...
... lineages separating more recently. The least well-supported scenarios approximate the mitogenome tree and the one proposed to explain the discrepancy between the nuclear and mtDNA trees by Foote and Morin (2015); where the transient population is ancestral and there is secondary contact in the North ...
Exercises
... The sequence (at the top of the page) should look like this: KTYQGSYGFRLGFLHSGTAKSVTCTYSPALNKMFCQLAKTCPVQLWVDST 50 PPPGTRVRAMAIYKQSQHMTEVVRRCPHHERCSDSDGLAPPQHLIRVEGN 100 LRVEYLDDRNTFRHSVVVPYEPPEVGSDCTTIHYNYMCNSSCMGGMNRRP 150 ...
... The sequence (at the top of the page) should look like this: KTYQGSYGFRLGFLHSGTAKSVTCTYSPALNKMFCQLAKTCPVQLWVDST 50 PPPGTRVRAMAIYKQSQHMTEVVRRCPHHERCSDSDGLAPPQHLIRVEGN 100 LRVEYLDDRNTFRHSVVVPYEPPEVGSDCTTIHYNYMCNSSCMGGMNRRP 150 ...
The nucleosome
... Interacts with both TBP and acidic activators Human GCN5 found in a similar complex STAGA TFTC (TBP-free TAF-containing complex) ...
... Interacts with both TBP and acidic activators Human GCN5 found in a similar complex STAGA TFTC (TBP-free TAF-containing complex) ...
Chapter 19 Biochemistry - American Public University System
... • The exact shape that a protein takes depends on the types of amino acids and their sequence in the protein chain. • Different amino acids and different sequences result in different shapes. • Insulin is a protein that recognizes muscle cells because their surfaces contain insulin receptors, molecu ...
... • The exact shape that a protein takes depends on the types of amino acids and their sequence in the protein chain. • Different amino acids and different sequences result in different shapes. • Insulin is a protein that recognizes muscle cells because their surfaces contain insulin receptors, molecu ...
science - Madison Central High
... information will not be tested at competition, but will improve your understanding of the material. Footnotes may also contain supplementary facts, mnemonic devices, or my attempts at genetic comedy. I have signed those attempts, so feel free to skip those if you’d like to avoid any unnecessary ROFL ...
... information will not be tested at competition, but will improve your understanding of the material. Footnotes may also contain supplementary facts, mnemonic devices, or my attempts at genetic comedy. I have signed those attempts, so feel free to skip those if you’d like to avoid any unnecessary ROFL ...
Effects of Ozone Depletion
... sun. It is made up of wavelengths ranging from 100nm to 400nm. • UV radiation includes UV-A, the least dangerous form of UV radiation, with a wavelength range between 315nm to 400nm, UV-B with a wavelength range between 280nm to 315nm, and UV-C which is the most dangerous between 100nm to 280nm. UV- ...
... sun. It is made up of wavelengths ranging from 100nm to 400nm. • UV radiation includes UV-A, the least dangerous form of UV radiation, with a wavelength range between 315nm to 400nm, UV-B with a wavelength range between 280nm to 315nm, and UV-C which is the most dangerous between 100nm to 280nm. UV- ...
Biotechnology Explorer - Bio-Rad
... your country’s legislative authorities for proper guidelines. The Escherichia coli bacteria HB101 K-12 strain contained in this kit is not a pathogenic organism like the E. coli strain O157 H7 that has sometimes been implicated in food poisoning. HB101 K-12 has been genetically modified to prevent i ...
... your country’s legislative authorities for proper guidelines. The Escherichia coli bacteria HB101 K-12 strain contained in this kit is not a pathogenic organism like the E. coli strain O157 H7 that has sometimes been implicated in food poisoning. HB101 K-12 has been genetically modified to prevent i ...
A Study of the Moss Parasite Eocronartium muscicola
... species in the genus, but it can be found in two distinctly different portions of the plant. A related genus of moss parasites (Jola) may also be found in different areas of the plant but this genus contains several different species. The different species exhibit morphological and genetic distincti ...
... species in the genus, but it can be found in two distinctly different portions of the plant. A related genus of moss parasites (Jola) may also be found in different areas of the plant but this genus contains several different species. The different species exhibit morphological and genetic distincti ...
Bruce Wallace Biotechnology Lab Program Student Guide 5th
... reason is related to the cost of these materials and the difficulty involved with obtaining them. For example, you will be given some specially engineered plasmids (DNA) in the next laboratory. If this DNA were sold “by the pound,” it would cost around $360,000,000 per pound. So don’t be surprised i ...
... reason is related to the cost of these materials and the difficulty involved with obtaining them. For example, you will be given some specially engineered plasmids (DNA) in the next laboratory. If this DNA were sold “by the pound,” it would cost around $360,000,000 per pound. So don’t be surprised i ...
Full-Text PDF
... substrate (Figure 5). In the PDB 1Q74 structure, the bound Zn2+ ion is pentacoordinate (three protein ligands and two water molecules), [4] while in the 4EWL structure the bound Zn2+ ion is tetrahedrally coordinated (4 ligands) [5]. These results likely suggest that the catalytic Zn2+ can easily swi ...
... substrate (Figure 5). In the PDB 1Q74 structure, the bound Zn2+ ion is pentacoordinate (three protein ligands and two water molecules), [4] while in the 4EWL structure the bound Zn2+ ion is tetrahedrally coordinated (4 ligands) [5]. These results likely suggest that the catalytic Zn2+ can easily swi ...
CHAPTER 6
... The effect of the 5-fluoro substitution on the mechanism of action of thymidylate synthase. An enzyme thiol group (from a Cys side chain) ordinarily attacks the 6position of dUMP so that C-5 can react as a carbanion with N5,N10-methylene-THF. Normally, free enzyme is regenerated following release of ...
... The effect of the 5-fluoro substitution on the mechanism of action of thymidylate synthase. An enzyme thiol group (from a Cys side chain) ordinarily attacks the 6position of dUMP so that C-5 can react as a carbanion with N5,N10-methylene-THF. Normally, free enzyme is regenerated following release of ...
SR 52(1) 30-31
... were resistant to arsenate and two were sensitive to it. To decipher how effectively these proteins discriminate between phosphate and arsenate, the researchers placed them in solution with a defined amount of phosphate and different concentrations of arsenate for 24 hours, and then assured which of ...
... were resistant to arsenate and two were sensitive to it. To decipher how effectively these proteins discriminate between phosphate and arsenate, the researchers placed them in solution with a defined amount of phosphate and different concentrations of arsenate for 24 hours, and then assured which of ...
PicodropTM
... The software automatically calculates all the values required including concentration, purity ratios and dye concentrations. Each sample can be given a unique reference and resulting data stored to your personal directory in MS Excel format, for later analysis. The choice of using the customised EXC ...
... The software automatically calculates all the values required including concentration, purity ratios and dye concentrations. Each sample can be given a unique reference and resulting data stored to your personal directory in MS Excel format, for later analysis. The choice of using the customised EXC ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.