ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION: FROM CLASSICAL FEATURES
... strongly decreases when the laser field is elliptically polarized. In this event, the electron misses the ion. This model is often referred to as the simple-man model. The model suggests (Corkum, 1993) that the electron, when it recollides with the ion, may very well scatter off it, either elasticall ...
... strongly decreases when the laser field is elliptically polarized. In this event, the electron misses the ion. This model is often referred to as the simple-man model. The model suggests (Corkum, 1993) that the electron, when it recollides with the ion, may very well scatter off it, either elasticall ...
Determination of Dispersive Properties of Silicas by Inverse Gas
... water resistance and reinforcement in plastics systems.1) In this study, we used silane coupling agents as surfacemodifying agents for silica. The mechanical performance of a composite material strongly depends on the properties of the filler-matrix interface and, in particular, on the level of adhes ...
... water resistance and reinforcement in plastics systems.1) In this study, we used silane coupling agents as surfacemodifying agents for silica. The mechanical performance of a composite material strongly depends on the properties of the filler-matrix interface and, in particular, on the level of adhes ...
- StarBooks
... In which any number can be represented in the form N × 10 n (Where n is an exponent having positive or negative values and N can vary between 1 to 10). e.g. We can write 232.508 as 2.32508 x102 in scientific notation. Similarly, 0.00016 can be written as 1.6 x 10–4. Precision refers to the closeness ...
... In which any number can be represented in the form N × 10 n (Where n is an exponent having positive or negative values and N can vary between 1 to 10). e.g. We can write 232.508 as 2.32508 x102 in scientific notation. Similarly, 0.00016 can be written as 1.6 x 10–4. Precision refers to the closeness ...
Quantum-dot lithium in zero magnetic field: Electronic properties
... for N⫽2 共quantum-dot helium11兲. For larger N a number of results for the ground-state energy of the dots were reported at separate points of the axis. In the quantum-dot lithium (N⫽3) a transition from a partly to a fully spin-polarized ground state was predicted in Refs. 31, 32, and 44, however a ...
... for N⫽2 共quantum-dot helium11兲. For larger N a number of results for the ground-state energy of the dots were reported at separate points of the axis. In the quantum-dot lithium (N⫽3) a transition from a partly to a fully spin-polarized ground state was predicted in Refs. 31, 32, and 44, however a ...
Photoemission Stuides of a New Topological Insulator Class: Experimental Discovery of the Bi 2 X 3 Topological Insulator Class
... edge of the sample, where backscattering is prohibited. (b) In a quantum spin Hall system the edge states are helical, and backscattering remains forbidden with an odd number of right or left-moving channels at each part of the sample. moving chiral edge states are spatially separated from each othe ...
... edge of the sample, where backscattering is prohibited. (b) In a quantum spin Hall system the edge states are helical, and backscattering remains forbidden with an odd number of right or left-moving channels at each part of the sample. moving chiral edge states are spatially separated from each othe ...
Dynamics of electron solvation in I (CH3OH)n
... state of neutral iodine, shifted to slightly higher binding energy due to the ponderomotive effect of the high-intensity laser field.48 A small ridge on the low eKE side of feature C is at approximately the correct energy for 3-photon detachment to the 2 P3/2 state. These features are not seen for l ...
... state of neutral iodine, shifted to slightly higher binding energy due to the ponderomotive effect of the high-intensity laser field.48 A small ridge on the low eKE side of feature C is at approximately the correct energy for 3-photon detachment to the 2 P3/2 state. These features are not seen for l ...
Interacting many-body systems in quantum wells: Evidence for
... less.19,20 Thus, as excitons are excited they interact with electrons inducing a broadening in the homogeneous line of excitons as well as of that of electrons. This results in an increase of the electron occupation at higher energies favouring the trion transitions at lower energies [diagram in Fig ...
... less.19,20 Thus, as excitons are excited they interact with electrons inducing a broadening in the homogeneous line of excitons as well as of that of electrons. This results in an increase of the electron occupation at higher energies favouring the trion transitions at lower energies [diagram in Fig ...
How to Make the σ0π2 Singlet the Ground State of Carbenes
... the results of calculations and experiments led to the conclusion that the H−C−H bond angle in the triplet is at the lower end of this range; and another 15 years passed before calculations and experiments agreed on a value of ΔEST = 9.0 kcal/mol for the energy difference between the lowest singlet a ...
... the results of calculations and experiments led to the conclusion that the H−C−H bond angle in the triplet is at the lower end of this range; and another 15 years passed before calculations and experiments agreed on a value of ΔEST = 9.0 kcal/mol for the energy difference between the lowest singlet a ...
SiGe nanomembrane quantum-well infrared photodetectors
... structures. The lattice-matched substrates are fabricated by first growing a few periods of the desired SiGe/Si/SiGe/Si··· QW structure (with overall thickness well below the threshold for plastic relaxation) on a Si-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The resulting epitaxial stack is then released from the ha ...
... structures. The lattice-matched substrates are fabricated by first growing a few periods of the desired SiGe/Si/SiGe/Si··· QW structure (with overall thickness well below the threshold for plastic relaxation) on a Si-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The resulting epitaxial stack is then released from the ha ...
PDF 170KB
... while Hergott et al. [3] has generated 15th harmonic pulses (H 53:3 nm) of a Ti:sapphire laser with an energy of 1:9 J per pulse. Yoshitomi et al. [4] have recently generated 5th harmonic pulses (H 49:7 nm) of a KrF excimer laser with an energy of 1:2 J. When these harmonic pulses are focuse ...
... while Hergott et al. [3] has generated 15th harmonic pulses (H 53:3 nm) of a Ti:sapphire laser with an energy of 1:9 J per pulse. Yoshitomi et al. [4] have recently generated 5th harmonic pulses (H 49:7 nm) of a KrF excimer laser with an energy of 1:2 J. When these harmonic pulses are focuse ...
The Development of Femtosecond Electron Diffraction for
... The evolution of material structures is governed by the making and breaking of chemical bonds and the rearrangement of atoms, which occurs on the time scale of an atomic vibrational period, hundreds of femtoseconds. Atomic motion on this time scale ultimately determines the course of phase transitio ...
... The evolution of material structures is governed by the making and breaking of chemical bonds and the rearrangement of atoms, which occurs on the time scale of an atomic vibrational period, hundreds of femtoseconds. Atomic motion on this time scale ultimately determines the course of phase transitio ...
Raman Spectroscopy: Introductory Tutorial
... • A vibrational spectroscopy - IR and Raman are the most common vibrational spectroscopies for assessing molecular motion and fingerprinting species - Based on inelastic scattering of a monochromatic excitation source - Routine energy range: 200 - 4000 cm–1 ...
... • A vibrational spectroscopy - IR and Raman are the most common vibrational spectroscopies for assessing molecular motion and fingerprinting species - Based on inelastic scattering of a monochromatic excitation source - Routine energy range: 200 - 4000 cm–1 ...
Femtosecond powder diffraction with a laser-driven hard X
... A multilayer X-ray optic focuses the X-rays emitted in forward direction onto the powder sample. The optic collects X-rays in a solid angle of approximately 10−4 , resulting in a X-ray flux of 106 photons per seconds on the sample. The X-ray spot size on the sample is between 30 to 200 μ m (FWHM), d ...
... A multilayer X-ray optic focuses the X-rays emitted in forward direction onto the powder sample. The optic collects X-rays in a solid angle of approximately 10−4 , resulting in a X-ray flux of 106 photons per seconds on the sample. The X-ray spot size on the sample is between 30 to 200 μ m (FWHM), d ...
Illumination Intensity Dependence of the Photovoltage in
... in air at 450 °C for 30 min. The TiO2 film’s thickness, measured with a profilometer (Mitutoyo Co., Sueftest SV 500), was 3 µm. To avoid electrochemical reactions via the exposed surface of the FTO, the possible pinholes (FTO areas uncovered with TiO2) were electrochemically blocked with an isolatin ...
... in air at 450 °C for 30 min. The TiO2 film’s thickness, measured with a profilometer (Mitutoyo Co., Sueftest SV 500), was 3 µm. To avoid electrochemical reactions via the exposed surface of the FTO, the possible pinholes (FTO areas uncovered with TiO2) were electrochemically blocked with an isolatin ...
Fe(III) (Oxy)hydroxide Compositional Series
... synchrotron X-ray total scattering data, and both Cr and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provide new insights into the following fundamental questions: (1) What is the degree of structural order (i.e., short-, intermediate-, or long-range order) of the CrxFe1-x(oxy)hydroxide samples. ( ...
... synchrotron X-ray total scattering data, and both Cr and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provide new insights into the following fundamental questions: (1) What is the degree of structural order (i.e., short-, intermediate-, or long-range order) of the CrxFe1-x(oxy)hydroxide samples. ( ...
Imaging transport: optical measurements of
... Bulk GaAs, Luminescent Spot for Accelerating Voltages 15 to 35 kV...........................................................................................21 Bulk GaAs, Spotwidth as a Function of Accelerating Voltage ...........21 Bulk GaAs, Luminescent Spot for Probe Currents 1x10-10 to 1x10-7 A.. ...
... Bulk GaAs, Luminescent Spot for Accelerating Voltages 15 to 35 kV...........................................................................................21 Bulk GaAs, Spotwidth as a Function of Accelerating Voltage ...........21 Bulk GaAs, Luminescent Spot for Probe Currents 1x10-10 to 1x10-7 A.. ...
Barrier-free intermolecular proton transfer induced by excess
... EBE⫽1.6 –2.1 eV. The photoelectron spectrum of UA⫺ cannot be attributed to an intact U⫺ solvated by alanine. As mentioned earlier, the valence * and dipole-bound anionic states of uracil are characterized by a calculated value of VDE of 0.507 and 0.073 eV, respectively16 共see Fig. 3 for the excess ...
... EBE⫽1.6 –2.1 eV. The photoelectron spectrum of UA⫺ cannot be attributed to an intact U⫺ solvated by alanine. As mentioned earlier, the valence * and dipole-bound anionic states of uracil are characterized by a calculated value of VDE of 0.507 and 0.073 eV, respectively16 共see Fig. 3 for the excess ...
Metastable noble gas atoms in strong
... light is higher at the centre of the beam than at the radially outer regions. This generates a self-lensing effect, which is focusing if n 2 > 0. In addition, the temporal evolution of the wave is affected by alterations to the phase velocity, which can temporally broaden the spectral profile of the ...
... light is higher at the centre of the beam than at the radially outer regions. This generates a self-lensing effect, which is focusing if n 2 > 0. In addition, the temporal evolution of the wave is affected by alterations to the phase velocity, which can temporally broaden the spectral profile of the ...
Metastable noble gas atoms in strong
... light is higher at the centre of the beam than at the radially outer regions. This generates a self-lensing effect, which is focusing if n 2 > 0. In addition, the temporal evolution of the wave is affected by alterations to the phase velocity, which can temporally broaden the spectral profile of the ...
... light is higher at the centre of the beam than at the radially outer regions. This generates a self-lensing effect, which is focusing if n 2 > 0. In addition, the temporal evolution of the wave is affected by alterations to the phase velocity, which can temporally broaden the spectral profile of the ...
Sequential nonadiabatic excitation of large molecules and ions
... The extent of fragmentation observed in the ion time-offlight mass spectra is used as a representative measure for the onset of nonadiabatic electron dynamics. Accordingly, we collected time-of-flight ion spectra of the products resulting from interaction of large organic molecules with strong-field ...
... The extent of fragmentation observed in the ion time-offlight mass spectra is used as a representative measure for the onset of nonadiabatic electron dynamics. Accordingly, we collected time-of-flight ion spectra of the products resulting from interaction of large organic molecules with strong-field ...
Reaction Dynamics of Zr and Nb with Ethylene
... of the metal atom, but rather a low-lying, electronically excited, low-spin state. In most cases, the ground state of the metal atom (s2dn-2 or high-spin s1dn-1) correlates diabatically to an excitedstate MC2H4 complex that may be either attractive or repulsive. The avoided crossing of these two dia ...
... of the metal atom, but rather a low-lying, electronically excited, low-spin state. In most cases, the ground state of the metal atom (s2dn-2 or high-spin s1dn-1) correlates diabatically to an excitedstate MC2H4 complex that may be either attractive or repulsive. The avoided crossing of these two dia ...
Auger electron spectroscopy
Auger electron spectroscopy (AES; pronounced [oʒe] in French) is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally, in the area of materials science. Underlying the spectroscopic technique is the Auger effect, as it has come to be called, which is based on the analysis of energetic electrons emitted from an excited atom after a series of internal relaxation events. The Auger effect was discovered independently by both Lise Meitner and Pierre Auger in the 1920s. Though the discovery was made by Meitner and initially reported in the journal Zeitschrift für Physik in 1922, Auger is credited with the discovery in most of the scientific community. Until the early 1950s Auger transitions were considered nuisance effects by spectroscopists, not containing much relevant material information, but studied so as to explain anomalies in x-ray spectroscopy data. Since 1953 however, AES has become a practical and straightforward characterization technique for probing chemical and compositional surface environments and has found applications in metallurgy, gas-phase chemistry, and throughout the microelectronics industry.