Biochemistry notes (updated 10/26)
... Phospholipids have both polar and nonpolar sections. As a result, they are able to dissolve in both type of solvents as well. They are important for living things because they form the borders of all cells (cell membranes) and also participate in forming many cell organelles. ...
... Phospholipids have both polar and nonpolar sections. As a result, they are able to dissolve in both type of solvents as well. They are important for living things because they form the borders of all cells (cell membranes) and also participate in forming many cell organelles. ...
Lipid-binding proteins in rat and human kidney
... In the present study, we showed for the first time that mRNA for H-FABP, SCP2, ACBP, CRBP, and PITP is expressed variably in rat glomeruli or RCM. Because lipophilic molecules, such as retinoic acid, and phosphatidylinositol are known to be elements of several cell-tocell signaling pathways, these L ...
... In the present study, we showed for the first time that mRNA for H-FABP, SCP2, ACBP, CRBP, and PITP is expressed variably in rat glomeruli or RCM. Because lipophilic molecules, such as retinoic acid, and phosphatidylinositol are known to be elements of several cell-tocell signaling pathways, these L ...
extraction and purification of hydrolytic enzymes from activated sludge
... The activated sludge generated during wastewater treatment is becoming an important problem due to that its amount and complexity is increasing every year, and the legislation regulates much more strictly the final sludge disposal. During the biological treatment of wastewater, the microorganisms pr ...
... The activated sludge generated during wastewater treatment is becoming an important problem due to that its amount and complexity is increasing every year, and the legislation regulates much more strictly the final sludge disposal. During the biological treatment of wastewater, the microorganisms pr ...
Slide 1
... according to their different chemical structures - have been organized in following groups: basic amino acids ...
... according to their different chemical structures - have been organized in following groups: basic amino acids ...
An introduction to Support Vector Machines
... It can be shown that: The portion, n, of unseen data that will be missclassified is bounded by: n Number of support vectors / number of training examples Ockham´s razor principle: Simpler system are better than more complex ones. In SVM case: fewer support vectors mean a simpler representation of ...
... It can be shown that: The portion, n, of unseen data that will be missclassified is bounded by: n Number of support vectors / number of training examples Ockham´s razor principle: Simpler system are better than more complex ones. In SVM case: fewer support vectors mean a simpler representation of ...
Chapt 5 - Workforce Solutions
... How osmotic balance is maintained? • Organisms can maintain osmotic balance in different ways. 1. Some cells use extrusion in which water is ejected through contractile vacuoles Example: Paramecium. 2. Isosmotic regulation involves keeping cells isotonic with their environment Example: Organisms li ...
... How osmotic balance is maintained? • Organisms can maintain osmotic balance in different ways. 1. Some cells use extrusion in which water is ejected through contractile vacuoles Example: Paramecium. 2. Isosmotic regulation involves keeping cells isotonic with their environment Example: Organisms li ...
Richards, F.M. The Protein Folding Problem. Scientific American, pp
... acids tend to be hydrophilic; they attract water molcculcs, which are quite polar. In contrast, nonpolar amino acids, which generally include hydrocarbon side chains, tend to be hydrophobic:they mix poorly with water and "prefer" to associatewith one other. Alternatively,one can think of them as bei ...
... acids tend to be hydrophilic; they attract water molcculcs, which are quite polar. In contrast, nonpolar amino acids, which generally include hydrocarbon side chains, tend to be hydrophobic:they mix poorly with water and "prefer" to associatewith one other. Alternatively,one can think of them as bei ...
Prebiotics – the Origins of Life
... Polypeptides are polymers of amino acids. A polymer is a long chain molecule formed by chemically bonding many subunit monomers together end-to-end. Starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose, DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and polypeptides are polymers of amino acids. One long polypeptide or mor ...
... Polypeptides are polymers of amino acids. A polymer is a long chain molecule formed by chemically bonding many subunit monomers together end-to-end. Starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose, DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and polypeptides are polymers of amino acids. One long polypeptide or mor ...
Fuel Metabolism
... For example, entry into a torpor bout triggers the upregulation of fatty acid binding proteins (that provide intracellular transport of fatty acids) and of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase, the enzyme that phosphorylates and ...
... For example, entry into a torpor bout triggers the upregulation of fatty acid binding proteins (that provide intracellular transport of fatty acids) and of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase, the enzyme that phosphorylates and ...
Test 1
... rough ER - membrane sac with ribosomes attached used to synthesis of proteins to be exported out of cell smooth ER - membrane sac distal from rough Er, proteins inside Er have now been synthesized and are now being processed, lipid synthesis. Golgi apparatus - used in final processing of secretory p ...
... rough ER - membrane sac with ribosomes attached used to synthesis of proteins to be exported out of cell smooth ER - membrane sac distal from rough Er, proteins inside Er have now been synthesized and are now being processed, lipid synthesis. Golgi apparatus - used in final processing of secretory p ...
MACROMOLECULE WEBQUEST
... What elements are found in carbohydrates? ______________ What is the ratio of Carbon to Hydrogen to Oxygen? ________ Carbohydrates comprise what percentage of our body cells? ________ ...
... What elements are found in carbohydrates? ______________ What is the ratio of Carbon to Hydrogen to Oxygen? ________ Carbohydrates comprise what percentage of our body cells? ________ ...
Amino Acids and Proteins: →Protein Functions: enzymes, transport
... →Can have cis or trans form, but trans is the most stable conformation, so find trans peptide bonds in proteins. Exception: Pro-because the NH group is attached in a ring structure, cis and trans have about equal energy. Therefore, whether it is cis or trans at the Pro position depends on the overa ...
... →Can have cis or trans form, but trans is the most stable conformation, so find trans peptide bonds in proteins. Exception: Pro-because the NH group is attached in a ring structure, cis and trans have about equal energy. Therefore, whether it is cis or trans at the Pro position depends on the overa ...
Cell Organelles
... diffusion This is a: Channel protein special one for water called an: aquaporin ...
... diffusion This is a: Channel protein special one for water called an: aquaporin ...
Slide 1
... raw materials and distribute finished products Microprocessor regulation of gene expression, growth, repair, and response to environmental conditions Molecular protein machines that do cell work Cargo haulers Cables, ropes, pulleys Switches Energy conversion Unzipping, reading, and duplicating DNA ...
... raw materials and distribute finished products Microprocessor regulation of gene expression, growth, repair, and response to environmental conditions Molecular protein machines that do cell work Cargo haulers Cables, ropes, pulleys Switches Energy conversion Unzipping, reading, and duplicating DNA ...
Chapter 2 Outline
... 6. Describe acids and bases, and explain the concept of the pH scale 7. Explain the importance of buffer systems and how they work 8. Describe the building blocks, structure, and functions of carbohydrates: monosaccharide, disaccharides, and polysaccharides 9. Describe the building blocks, structure ...
... 6. Describe acids and bases, and explain the concept of the pH scale 7. Explain the importance of buffer systems and how they work 8. Describe the building blocks, structure, and functions of carbohydrates: monosaccharide, disaccharides, and polysaccharides 9. Describe the building blocks, structure ...
Download PDF
... explore the thermodynamics of electron transport, proton pumping, and ATP biosynthesis. 3. Molecular biosynthesis. Most organisms can biosynthesize amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, vitamins, and cofactors using a host of complex enzymes that demonstrate fundamental chemical principles. By contrasti ...
... explore the thermodynamics of electron transport, proton pumping, and ATP biosynthesis. 3. Molecular biosynthesis. Most organisms can biosynthesize amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, vitamins, and cofactors using a host of complex enzymes that demonstrate fundamental chemical principles. By contrasti ...
Chapter 2 Chemistry
... 6. Describe acids and bases, and explain the concept of the pH scale 7. Explain the importance of buffer systems and how they work 8. Describe the building blocks, structure, and functions of carbohydrates: monosaccharide, disaccharides, and polysaccharides 9. Describe the building blocks, structure ...
... 6. Describe acids and bases, and explain the concept of the pH scale 7. Explain the importance of buffer systems and how they work 8. Describe the building blocks, structure, and functions of carbohydrates: monosaccharide, disaccharides, and polysaccharides 9. Describe the building blocks, structure ...
8 M Guanidine Hydrochloride Solution Buffered, pH - Sigma
... phosphates, or carboxyl groups, and therefore, is compatible with mass spectrometric procedures. Guanidine hydrochloride is commonly used as a denaturant, because of its ability to break hydrogen bonds between amino acid residues. By breaking these bonds, the 3D conformation of the protein is unfold ...
... phosphates, or carboxyl groups, and therefore, is compatible with mass spectrometric procedures. Guanidine hydrochloride is commonly used as a denaturant, because of its ability to break hydrogen bonds between amino acid residues. By breaking these bonds, the 3D conformation of the protein is unfold ...
Supplementary Figure Legends (doc 60K)
... initiating a cascade of intracellular events. The subunit Gαs activates the adenylatecyclase enzyme (ADCY7) which converts ATP into cAMP. cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA) binding to the regulatory (R) subunits, which causes a conformational change that releases the active catalytic (C) subunits ...
... initiating a cascade of intracellular events. The subunit Gαs activates the adenylatecyclase enzyme (ADCY7) which converts ATP into cAMP. cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA) binding to the regulatory (R) subunits, which causes a conformational change that releases the active catalytic (C) subunits ...
Chapter 5 – The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
... The process of hydrogenating vegetable oils produces saturated fats and also unsaturated fats with trans double bonds. These trans fat molecules contribute more than saturated fats to atherosclerosis. ...
... The process of hydrogenating vegetable oils produces saturated fats and also unsaturated fats with trans double bonds. These trans fat molecules contribute more than saturated fats to atherosclerosis. ...
Databases in Bioinformatics
... The PIR and associated databases • The PIR maintains several databases about proteins: 1. PIR-PSD: the main protein sequence database 2. iProClass: classification of proteins according to structure and function 3. ASDB: annotation and similarity database; each entry is linked to a list of similar s ...
... The PIR and associated databases • The PIR maintains several databases about proteins: 1. PIR-PSD: the main protein sequence database 2. iProClass: classification of proteins according to structure and function 3. ASDB: annotation and similarity database; each entry is linked to a list of similar s ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.