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Steven`s project - The University of Texas at Dallas
Steven`s project - The University of Texas at Dallas

... interfaces. Whenever possible a novice user should opt for the on line version as described above. However, if you intend to repack proteins quite regularly, or need to repack in excess of 200 residues, then you have no other choice. The downloaded version is also necessary if you intend to use the ...
PDF - Molecular Pharmacology
PDF - Molecular Pharmacology

... were considered linear. Each amino acid was assigned a hydropathy index, a value reflecting its relative hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. The sum of the hydropathy indices of a given sequence divided by the number of residues in the sequence generates the GRAVY score. In our case, the difference i ...
HIV Protease Inhibitor: Past Endeavors and Future Developments
HIV Protease Inhibitor: Past Endeavors and Future Developments

... the HIV in its tracks, there are other methods to control HIV at other stop points in its life ...
Dicot and monocot plants differ in retinoblastoma
Dicot and monocot plants differ in retinoblastoma

Accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and cardiomyopathy in LAMP
Accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and cardiomyopathy in LAMP

... accumulation of early autophagic vacuoles in LAMP-2-deficient hepatocytes is due to a defect in their maturation to late autophagic vacuoles that actively degrade their content. As a result, stimulation or inhibition of autophagic sequestration of cytoplasmic material has little or no effect upon th ...
Identification of Pexl3p, a Peroxisomal Membrane Receptor for the
Identification of Pexl3p, a Peroxisomal Membrane Receptor for the

... 1.25 mg/ml antipain, 1.25 mg/ml chymostatin, and 10 mg/ml lysozyme. After 1 h incubation on ice, the cells were lysed by sonication. Triton X-100 was added to 1% (vol/vol) and the lysate was clarified by centrifugation at 25,000 g for 20 min. For each binding assay, 2-ml lysate containing GSTfusion ...
Alignment between domain region and whole enzyme
Alignment between domain region and whole enzyme

... reproductive meristem [1]. Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin ...
Chapter 1 Study Questions with Answers
Chapter 1 Study Questions with Answers

... 2. What advantage does the branched-chain structure of glycogen provide compared to a straight chain of glucose? The branched chain structure of glycogen provides many end units for enzymes to attack. Compared to a straight chain of glucose, this allows enzymes to break it down more quickly and rapi ...
Sequence-based predictions of membrane-protein topology, homology and insertion
Sequence-based predictions of membrane-protein topology, homology and insertion

... three-dimensional shape, which in turn is a function only of its amino acid sequence (Anfinsen 1973), and ultimately of its corresponding DNA sequence. In a more general sense, not focusing on a specific molecule, however, the function of a protein also depends on its concentration and localization ...
Presentation
Presentation

... • Affinity labels resemble substrates, but contain reactive groups to interact covalently with the enzyme ...
¹⁵N Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence
¹⁵N Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence

Metabolism: An Overview
Metabolism: An Overview

... blocks. These smaller building blocks can be utilized during anabolic processes or they can be completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O liberating energy. Some of the energy liberated by catabolic reactions is trapped by the cell in high energy acid anhydride bonds within molecules, e.g., ATP, GTP etc.; o ...
CHEMISTRY OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND THEIR UTILIZATION
CHEMISTRY OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND THEIR UTILIZATION

... acids). Amino acids have in common an amino group (basic part), a carboxyl group (acidic part), and a carbon bound to a hydrogen atom (α-carbon) in addition to a side chain which characterizes each amino acid. In organisms, amino acids also exist as a free state and are utilized for protein synthesi ...
CHEMISTRY OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND THEIR UTILIZATION
CHEMISTRY OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND THEIR UTILIZATION

... acids). Amino acids have in common an amino group (basic part), a carboxyl group (acidic part), and a carbon bound to a hydrogen atom (α-carbon) in addition to a side chain which characterizes each amino acid. In organisms, amino acids also exist as a free state and are utilized for protein synthesi ...
Changes in Cotton Root Proteins Correlated with Resistance to Root
Changes in Cotton Root Proteins Correlated with Resistance to Root

... were 10 V for 30 min followed by 25 V for 3 h, all at 4(C. The blot was washed for 10 s in distilled water then stained for 60 s with Coomassie (40% (v/v) methanol, 5% (v/v) acetic acid, 0.025% (w/v) Coomassie Blue R250). After destaining for 120 s (30% (v/v) ethanol, 5% (v/v) acetic acid), the blot ...
TFE3 contains two activation domains, one acidic and the other
TFE3 contains two activation domains, one acidic and the other

... amino acids (Fig. IB). Within the homologous 38 amino acids, 50% of the residues are identical among all three proteins and 45% are identical between two of the three. The conserved region is contained within the 102 amino acid C-terminal portion of TFE3 shown to be sufficient for activation (Fig. 1 ...
Pursuing DNA Catalysts for Protein Modification
Pursuing DNA Catalysts for Protein Modification

... can be identified from unbiased (random) sequence populations as long as the appropriate in vitro selection strategies can be implemented for their identification. Notably, in vitro selection is different in key conceptual and practical ways from rational design, screening, and directed evolution. This ...
The Additive Screen MD1-11
The Additive Screen MD1-11

... A simple and practical way to optimize crystallization conditions ...
THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

... SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF AMINO ACIDS Chromatography is the process of separation and purification of homogenous, multicomponent mixtures using the differences in their affinity to the stationary and mobile phase. Variety of physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, pKa, additional function ...
Citrate synthase proteins in extremophilic organisms: Studies within
Citrate synthase proteins in extremophilic organisms: Studies within

... native structures and sequences of amino acids. An evolutionary divergence from a common ancestor may lead diverse sequences to fold to nearly the same native structure. One particularly interesting example is citrate synthase (CS), an enzyme that is found in most living organisms, from bacteria to ...
Amino Acids
Amino Acids

... Polarity. The nonpolar amino acids are alanine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan, and valine. Six of the polar amino acids are uncharged: these are asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, serine, threonine, and tyrosine. Five polar amino acids are charged; these ...
World of Dairy Cattle Nutrition
World of Dairy Cattle Nutrition

... The rumen is like its own eco-system, home to billions of microorganisms. The environment is moist with a consistent temperature; no oxygen is present, and the standard pH is nearly neutral at 6.5. The rumen’s liquid and solid contents are mixed through a series of muscular contractions that occur r ...
Short hydrogen bonds in proteins - Molecular Biophysics Unit
Short hydrogen bonds in proteins - Molecular Biophysics Unit

... been seen for the SH group of Cys as donors of SHBs. Finally, we have compared the SHBs from a set of 14 proteins, whose structures have been solved by neutron diffraction as well as X-ray crystallography (supplementary Table S1). The analysis showed only partial consistency of the identified SHB lis ...
Physical interaction between proliferating cell nuclear antigen and
Physical interaction between proliferating cell nuclear antigen and

... could not be located because of structural disorder. Structural definition of the PIP-box ...
Functional characterisation and cell walll interactions of
Functional characterisation and cell walll interactions of

... the cell wall, thus affecting the interaction with inert surfaces (157). They could also be involved in adhesion to other microorganisms or to eukaryotic cells (e.g. colonization of the ...
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Proteolysis



Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.
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