Stepwise Activation of BAX and BAK by tBID, BIM, and PUMA
... by protein crosslinking and thereby failed to induce apoptosis (Figures 2C and 2F). We also tested a previously reported BAX P168A mutant that was defective in mitochondrial targeting (Schinzel et al., 2004). This mutant, when stably reconstituted in DKO cells, could not be immunoprecipitated by the ...
... by protein crosslinking and thereby failed to induce apoptosis (Figures 2C and 2F). We also tested a previously reported BAX P168A mutant that was defective in mitochondrial targeting (Schinzel et al., 2004). This mutant, when stably reconstituted in DKO cells, could not be immunoprecipitated by the ...
Thermogenesis in Muscle
... generation without contractile activity have not been elucidated. This review examinesskeletal muscle in light of its secondary role as a furnace and ...
... generation without contractile activity have not been elucidated. This review examinesskeletal muscle in light of its secondary role as a furnace and ...
Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on motoneuron survival
... 1984). The adult rat sciatic nerve was subsequently identified as the most abundant source of CNTF (Manthorpe et al. 1986) wherefrom it was purified to homogeneity as a basis for microsequencing and finally molecular cloning (Stöckli et al. 1989, 1991). In contrast to nerve growth factor (NGF) and o ...
... 1984). The adult rat sciatic nerve was subsequently identified as the most abundant source of CNTF (Manthorpe et al. 1986) wherefrom it was purified to homogeneity as a basis for microsequencing and finally molecular cloning (Stöckli et al. 1989, 1991). In contrast to nerve growth factor (NGF) and o ...
09_Berman - Structural Biology Knowledgebase
... Genomic features: gene identifier, name and synonyms, operon/regulon mappings Protein sequence features: amino acid sequence, taxonomy & phylogeny, sequence database accession, isoform, SNPs, PTMs, sequence families, residue conservation. Structure features: oligomeric state, structure and functiona ...
... Genomic features: gene identifier, name and synonyms, operon/regulon mappings Protein sequence features: amino acid sequence, taxonomy & phylogeny, sequence database accession, isoform, SNPs, PTMs, sequence families, residue conservation. Structure features: oligomeric state, structure and functiona ...
375 Na+/Ca2+ ANTIPORT IN THE MAMMALIAN HEART
... there are four cassette-type exons (C, D, E and F) that may be inserted in various combinations; 32 possible isoforms can be generated in this manner (Kofuji et al. 1994). Thus, the cardiac isoform is A-C-D-E-F, the predominant patterns in brain are A-D or AD-F, and in smooth muscle the pattern is p ...
... there are four cassette-type exons (C, D, E and F) that may be inserted in various combinations; 32 possible isoforms can be generated in this manner (Kofuji et al. 1994). Thus, the cardiac isoform is A-C-D-E-F, the predominant patterns in brain are A-D or AD-F, and in smooth muscle the pattern is p ...
YEAST STRESS RESPONSES DURING ACCLIMATION FOR
... desired level of sweetness. Originally, these wines were pretty sweet and, as they evolved to become drier than the previous driest level, new names were coined for the new maximum levels of dryness. This is why there are levels such as Brut that are drier than Extra-Dry. The term Natural means that ...
... desired level of sweetness. Originally, these wines were pretty sweet and, as they evolved to become drier than the previous driest level, new names were coined for the new maximum levels of dryness. This is why there are levels such as Brut that are drier than Extra-Dry. The term Natural means that ...
Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart • New York
... In order to study phylogenetic relationships and evolution of different organisms it is desirable to compare cellular components that: (1) are present i n all organisms under investigation, (2) have already been present very early i n evolution, and (3) are sufficiently complex that statistically si ...
... In order to study phylogenetic relationships and evolution of different organisms it is desirable to compare cellular components that: (1) are present i n all organisms under investigation, (2) have already been present very early i n evolution, and (3) are sufficiently complex that statistically si ...
Functional analysis of parvin and different modes of IPP
... Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH and parvin constitute the tripartite IPP complex that maintains the integrin–actin link at embryonic muscle attachment sites (MASs) in Drosophila. Here we showed that parvin null mutants in Drosophila exhibit defects in muscle adhesion, similar to ILK and PINCH mu ...
... Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH and parvin constitute the tripartite IPP complex that maintains the integrin–actin link at embryonic muscle attachment sites (MASs) in Drosophila. Here we showed that parvin null mutants in Drosophila exhibit defects in muscle adhesion, similar to ILK and PINCH mu ...
KATP channels and preconditioning - Philipps
... agonists of G protein-coupled receptors (adenosine, bradykinin, catecholamines and opioids) [6,8–13], succinate dehydrogenase blockers (3-nitropropionic acid) [14], carbonmonoxide releasing molecules [15] and Na+/H+ exchange blockers (cariporide and ethylisopropyl amiloride) [16]. In most cases, PPC ...
... agonists of G protein-coupled receptors (adenosine, bradykinin, catecholamines and opioids) [6,8–13], succinate dehydrogenase blockers (3-nitropropionic acid) [14], carbonmonoxide releasing molecules [15] and Na+/H+ exchange blockers (cariporide and ethylisopropyl amiloride) [16]. In most cases, PPC ...
Cellular Physiology of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle
... this type of smooth muscle, gap junctions pennit electrical communication between neighboring cells. This communication allows coordinated contraction of many cells. Becausethese cells contract as a single unit, this type of smooth muscle is called unitary smooth muscle (Fig. 928). Unitary smooth mu ...
... this type of smooth muscle, gap junctions pennit electrical communication between neighboring cells. This communication allows coordinated contraction of many cells. Becausethese cells contract as a single unit, this type of smooth muscle is called unitary smooth muscle (Fig. 928). Unitary smooth mu ...
Organization of cardiac chamber progenitors in the zebrafish blastula
... suggest that organization of ventricular and atrial lineages begins at early stages, with ventricular progenitors tending to be located in rostral regions of the cardiogenic portion of the primitive streak and atrial progenitors tending to be located more caudally (Garcia-Martinez and Schoenwolf, 19 ...
... suggest that organization of ventricular and atrial lineages begins at early stages, with ventricular progenitors tending to be located in rostral regions of the cardiogenic portion of the primitive streak and atrial progenitors tending to be located more caudally (Garcia-Martinez and Schoenwolf, 19 ...
Whole-tree and tension wood-associated expression profiles of microRNAs in Eucalyptus Grant R. McNair
... Summary Trees are large, biologically complex multi-cellular organisms that have adapted to terrestrial growth. This places specific demands on their physiology such as the ability to transport water over long distances and the ability to withstand extreme mechanical forces. Wood formation (xylogene ...
... Summary Trees are large, biologically complex multi-cellular organisms that have adapted to terrestrial growth. This places specific demands on their physiology such as the ability to transport water over long distances and the ability to withstand extreme mechanical forces. Wood formation (xylogene ...
A low-molecular-mass protein from Methylococcus
... that the FDH may be associated with bound formaldehyde following enzyme isolation and that NAD may also be associated with the enzyme but in a form that is less tightly bound than found with the methanol dehydrogenase from Bacillus methanolicus. Data are presented which indicate that the modifin may ...
... that the FDH may be associated with bound formaldehyde following enzyme isolation and that NAD may also be associated with the enzyme but in a form that is less tightly bound than found with the methanol dehydrogenase from Bacillus methanolicus. Data are presented which indicate that the modifin may ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces a rapid dephosphorylation
... with cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor, followed by treatment with BDNF. As shown in Fig. 1D, Tau1 reactivity increased in response to BDNF treatment, further indicating that BDNF stimulation is affecting the phosphorylation levels of tau protein, and not translation. To test the kinetics of th ...
... with cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor, followed by treatment with BDNF. As shown in Fig. 1D, Tau1 reactivity increased in response to BDNF treatment, further indicating that BDNF stimulation is affecting the phosphorylation levels of tau protein, and not translation. To test the kinetics of th ...
Stress-Related and Circadian Secretion and Target Tissue Actions
... hGRα is activated following binding of natural or synthetic glucocorticoids to its ligand-binding domain and binds to the regulatory regions of glucocorticoid-responsive genes through its DNA-binding domain and/or interacts with other transcription factors altering their transcriptional activities ( ...
... hGRα is activated following binding of natural or synthetic glucocorticoids to its ligand-binding domain and binds to the regulatory regions of glucocorticoid-responsive genes through its DNA-binding domain and/or interacts with other transcription factors altering their transcriptional activities ( ...
Auxin Transport Promotes Arabidopsis Lateral Root Initiation
... was transverse and asymmetric. Almost simultaneously, another asymmetric transverse division occurred in an adjacent xylem pole pericycle cell, creating two short cells flanked by two longer cells (Figure 1D). The consistency in pattern of the initial round of division within adjacent cells suggests ...
... was transverse and asymmetric. Almost simultaneously, another asymmetric transverse division occurred in an adjacent xylem pole pericycle cell, creating two short cells flanked by two longer cells (Figure 1D). The consistency in pattern of the initial round of division within adjacent cells suggests ...
Calcium Oscillations and its Functional Significance in
... a1.74 provided ample evidence for oscillatory [Ca2+]i signals to be more effective to activate Ca2+-dependent transcription factors than a single, prolonged increase. Regulation of metabolism. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i are also integrated at the level of the metabolic response. In hepatocytes, vasopr ...
... a1.74 provided ample evidence for oscillatory [Ca2+]i signals to be more effective to activate Ca2+-dependent transcription factors than a single, prolonged increase. Regulation of metabolism. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i are also integrated at the level of the metabolic response. In hepatocytes, vasopr ...
ABA-based chemical signalling: the co-ordination of
... modulation of ABA concentration at the guard cells, as well as differential responses of the guard cells to a given dose of the hormone. We will describe how a plant can use the ABA signalling mechanism and other chemical signals to adjust the amount of water that it loses through its stomata in res ...
... modulation of ABA concentration at the guard cells, as well as differential responses of the guard cells to a given dose of the hormone. We will describe how a plant can use the ABA signalling mechanism and other chemical signals to adjust the amount of water that it loses through its stomata in res ...
Auxin transport routes in plant development
... transport between cells. This regulated polar auxin transport (PAT) within plant tissues appears to be unique to auxin, as it has not been detected for any other signaling molecule. Molecular biology and genetics approaches in the model system Arabidopsis thaliana have contributed fundamentally to o ...
... transport between cells. This regulated polar auxin transport (PAT) within plant tissues appears to be unique to auxin, as it has not been detected for any other signaling molecule. Molecular biology and genetics approaches in the model system Arabidopsis thaliana have contributed fundamentally to o ...
Chiral blastomere arrangement dictates zygotic left
... Most animals display internal and/or external left–right asymmetry. Several mechanisms for left–right asymmetry determination have been proposed for vertebrates1–10 and invertebrates1,2,4,9,11–14 but they are still not well characterized, particularly at the early developmental stage. The gastropods ...
... Most animals display internal and/or external left–right asymmetry. Several mechanisms for left–right asymmetry determination have been proposed for vertebrates1–10 and invertebrates1,2,4,9,11–14 but they are still not well characterized, particularly at the early developmental stage. The gastropods ...
Coordination of Hox identity between germ layers along the anterior
... interaction between the involuted mesoderm and the blastocoel as a main driving force for gastrulation (Winklbauer, 1990). Moreover, identification of fibronectin as an essential component in the extracellular matrix of the blastocoel paved the molecular side of the story (Winklbauer, 1990; Nagel an ...
... interaction between the involuted mesoderm and the blastocoel as a main driving force for gastrulation (Winklbauer, 1990). Moreover, identification of fibronectin as an essential component in the extracellular matrix of the blastocoel paved the molecular side of the story (Winklbauer, 1990; Nagel an ...
Lipoprotein structure
... properties. They can be separated into subclasses by ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, electrophoresis, or affinity chromatography methods. Based on ultracentrifugal and gel-filtration separations, HDL have been subdivided into HDLI, HDL2, and HDL3 subclasses, from the largest and least dense to ...
... properties. They can be separated into subclasses by ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, electrophoresis, or affinity chromatography methods. Based on ultracentrifugal and gel-filtration separations, HDL have been subdivided into HDLI, HDL2, and HDL3 subclasses, from the largest and least dense to ...
Evidence that FGF8 signalling from the midbrain
... Martinez et al., 1991; Marin and Puelles, 1994). Together, these data implicate isthmic derived signals in the establishment of mesencephalic rostrocaudal polarity and imply that such signals may act via the regulation of En expression. Recent experiments have demonstrated the importance of FGF8 in ...
... Martinez et al., 1991; Marin and Puelles, 1994). Together, these data implicate isthmic derived signals in the establishment of mesencephalic rostrocaudal polarity and imply that such signals may act via the regulation of En expression. Recent experiments have demonstrated the importance of FGF8 in ...