Imitation: is cognitive neuroscience solving the correspondence
... neurons – and other neural systems that are active during both action observation and action execution – can do imitation but are not for imitation. They suggest that mirror neurons acquire their properties in the course of ontogeny as a side-effect of the operation of general associative learning a ...
... neurons – and other neural systems that are active during both action observation and action execution – can do imitation but are not for imitation. They suggest that mirror neurons acquire their properties in the course of ontogeny as a side-effect of the operation of general associative learning a ...
The Neuroanatomical Basis of Understanding Sarcasm and Its
... We further analyzed the patients with prefrontal damage on the basis of visual quantitative evaluation of the MR and CT data. Two neuroradiologists blind to the study’s hypotheses and the neuropsychological data carried out this analysis. The final rating was based on two evaluations of the same ima ...
... We further analyzed the patients with prefrontal damage on the basis of visual quantitative evaluation of the MR and CT data. Two neuroradiologists blind to the study’s hypotheses and the neuropsychological data carried out this analysis. The final rating was based on two evaluations of the same ima ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... were scored correct. All other responses were classified into error categories. The Philadelphia Naming Test error taxonomy and psycholinguistic rationale are discussed in earlier publications (Dell et al., 1997; Schwartz et al., 2006). The two error types that are most relevant to the present inves ...
... were scored correct. All other responses were classified into error categories. The Philadelphia Naming Test error taxonomy and psycholinguistic rationale are discussed in earlier publications (Dell et al., 1997; Schwartz et al., 2006). The two error types that are most relevant to the present inves ...
Applauding with Closed Hands: Neural Signature of Action
... Large-scale neural networks are formed dynamically, involving several parts of the cortex that are needed for one specific task [22,25–28]. Meaning and comprehension appear to be general processes of cognition, and therefore, they are the bases of language, gestures, or action [29–40]. Thus, brain p ...
... Large-scale neural networks are formed dynamically, involving several parts of the cortex that are needed for one specific task [22,25–28]. Meaning and comprehension appear to be general processes of cognition, and therefore, they are the bases of language, gestures, or action [29–40]. Thus, brain p ...
The assessment of hemispheric lateralization in functional MRI
... Subsequently, data were bandpass filtered (hrf as lowpass filter, cut-off period of the highpass filter was set using standard settings) and statistically analyzed in the context of the general linear model, using boxcar regressors convolved with the canonical hemodynamic response to model responses ...
... Subsequently, data were bandpass filtered (hrf as lowpass filter, cut-off period of the highpass filter was set using standard settings) and statistically analyzed in the context of the general linear model, using boxcar regressors convolved with the canonical hemodynamic response to model responses ...
Processing Prosodic Boundaries in Natural and
... prefrontal cortex and an area within the right cerebellum. In the reverse comparison, stronger activation was observed in the gyrus of Heschl, bilaterally, and the left sylvian sulcus. However, the 2 types of sentence materials were used in 2 different tasks thus confounding stimulus type and task. ...
... prefrontal cortex and an area within the right cerebellum. In the reverse comparison, stronger activation was observed in the gyrus of Heschl, bilaterally, and the left sylvian sulcus. However, the 2 types of sentence materials were used in 2 different tasks thus confounding stimulus type and task. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... visual cortices (calcarine sulcus, see Refs. 8 and 16 for rapid retinotopic mapping of the visual areas) and the pars triangularis and opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus (i.e., the location of the classical language production area of Broca [8,13]; Fig. 3). Identifying Eloquent Areas in the D ...
... visual cortices (calcarine sulcus, see Refs. 8 and 16 for rapid retinotopic mapping of the visual areas) and the pars triangularis and opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus (i.e., the location of the classical language production area of Broca [8,13]; Fig. 3). Identifying Eloquent Areas in the D ...
view pdf - Columbia University
... parietal lobules, even though the interparietal sulcus is not visible. The differentiation can only be done on the basis of degree of curvature and shape, and by holding the endocast with the occipital portion toward the eyes, rotating the cast counterclockwise. Under appropriate lighting, a small v ...
... parietal lobules, even though the interparietal sulcus is not visible. The differentiation can only be done on the basis of degree of curvature and shape, and by holding the endocast with the occipital portion toward the eyes, rotating the cast counterclockwise. Under appropriate lighting, a small v ...
the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... between the effective observed and the effective executed action. In about one third of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly c ...
... between the effective observed and the effective executed action. In about one third of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly c ...
the mirror-neuron system - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... between the effective observed and the effective executed action. In about one third of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly c ...
... between the effective observed and the effective executed action. In about one third of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly c ...
博士論文
... our communication and thinking. The most notable and unique characteristic of language is its combinatorial process of syntax, with which multiple words are combined into structurally complex constituents (Chomsky, 1965; Jackendoff, 2002). This process enables us to produce an infinite variety of ex ...
... our communication and thinking. The most notable and unique characteristic of language is its combinatorial process of syntax, with which multiple words are combined into structurally complex constituents (Chomsky, 1965; Jackendoff, 2002). This process enables us to produce an infinite variety of ex ...
cerebral cortex, sensations and movements
... realize certain nerve background connections necessary to achieve movement in space. To achieve such movements in space, these areas need to compare a variety of nerve impulses in sensory systems, in order to create a space map, and at the same time, to calculate a trajectory through which the upper ...
... realize certain nerve background connections necessary to achieve movement in space. To achieve such movements in space, these areas need to compare a variety of nerve impulses in sensory systems, in order to create a space map, and at the same time, to calculate a trajectory through which the upper ...
... in this area caused a condition called aphasia.2 Some years later, a German neurologist, Carl Wernicke (1848-1905), discovered an area in the temporal lobe, which, when injured, led to a sensory impairment of language. The patients with such lesions were unable to recognize spoken words, even when t ...
31 - UCL
... These maps (and data from other species) suggest that the parcellation of most of the cortex has not changed radically during the evolution of the primate order. Notably, there does not seem to be any significant increase in regions where modalities overlap; rather, modality-specific areas have inc ...
... These maps (and data from other species) suggest that the parcellation of most of the cortex has not changed radically during the evolution of the primate order. Notably, there does not seem to be any significant increase in regions where modalities overlap; rather, modality-specific areas have inc ...
Chapter 4 The role of the sensory
... might be served by distributed interactive neuronal systems, organized in functional networks, rather than in local and autonomous modules (Uttal, 2003). Beside a certain degree of specialization, several brain areas are physically characterized by functional connections with many other parts of the ...
... might be served by distributed interactive neuronal systems, organized in functional networks, rather than in local and autonomous modules (Uttal, 2003). Beside a certain degree of specialization, several brain areas are physically characterized by functional connections with many other parts of the ...
Document
... • Areas 21 and 22 are the auditory association areas. Both areas are divided into two parts; one half of each area lies on either side of area 42. Collec tively they can be called Wernicke's auditory area. – Involved in language processing to enable particular sequences of sound to be identified and ...
... • Areas 21 and 22 are the auditory association areas. Both areas are divided into two parts; one half of each area lies on either side of area 42. Collec tively they can be called Wernicke's auditory area. – Involved in language processing to enable particular sequences of sound to be identified and ...
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human
... findings of a REA/left-hemisphere advantage for speech and LEA/right.-hemisphere advantage for music. However, t.he 2-month-olds showed only the LEA for music; they did not detect the speech syllable change in either ear (see Figure 3). These results suggest an increase in functional maturity of the ...
... findings of a REA/left-hemisphere advantage for speech and LEA/right.-hemisphere advantage for music. However, t.he 2-month-olds showed only the LEA for music; they did not detect the speech syllable change in either ear (see Figure 3). These results suggest an increase in functional maturity of the ...
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
... the optical fractionator method (West et al. 1991). Histological processing invariably results in tissue shrinkage and other volumetric artefacts. To account for shrinkage, we calculated volumetric correction factors for each individual tissue block. Shrinkage correction, and parameters used for mea ...
... the optical fractionator method (West et al. 1991). Histological processing invariably results in tissue shrinkage and other volumetric artefacts. To account for shrinkage, we calculated volumetric correction factors for each individual tissue block. Shrinkage correction, and parameters used for mea ...
to receive a reprint - Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences
... abilities has shown that more-skilled individuals generally accomplish a task more efficiently, using fewer mental resources, than less-skilled individuals (Maxwell et al. 1974; Haier et al. 1988; Reichle et al. 2000; Prat et al. 2007, 2010; Neubauer and Fink 2009). The assumption behind efficiency re ...
... abilities has shown that more-skilled individuals generally accomplish a task more efficiently, using fewer mental resources, than less-skilled individuals (Maxwell et al. 1974; Haier et al. 1988; Reichle et al. 2000; Prat et al. 2007, 2010; Neubauer and Fink 2009). The assumption behind efficiency re ...
The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction
... by mirror neurons, although no direct data are available yet to correlate mirror neuron spiking with imitation in monkeys. Single-unit properties of mirror neurons. In the macaque brain, mirror neurons have been located in area F5c of the inferior frontal cortex3 and in the rostral inferior parietal ...
... by mirror neurons, although no direct data are available yet to correlate mirror neuron spiking with imitation in monkeys. Single-unit properties of mirror neurons. In the macaque brain, mirror neurons have been located in area F5c of the inferior frontal cortex3 and in the rostral inferior parietal ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Global Anatomy Home Page
... characterized by the complexity of symptoms. Pure sensory or motor deficits of a specific nature are rarely seen following cortical damage but, rather, sensory and motor problems tend to be combined with “higher order” dysfunctions involving thought processes, speech, emotions, or memory. This proba ...
... characterized by the complexity of symptoms. Pure sensory or motor deficits of a specific nature are rarely seen following cortical damage but, rather, sensory and motor problems tend to be combined with “higher order” dysfunctions involving thought processes, speech, emotions, or memory. This proba ...
ling411-13-FunctionalWebs - OWL-Space
... “If neurons in the functional web are strongly linked, they should show similar response properties in neurophysiological experiments. “If the neurons of the functional web are necessary for the optimal processing of the represented entity, lesion of a significant portion of the network neurons must ...
... “If neurons in the functional web are strongly linked, they should show similar response properties in neurophysiological experiments. “If the neurons of the functional web are necessary for the optimal processing of the represented entity, lesion of a significant portion of the network neurons must ...
The Human Mirror Neuron System and Embodied
... activation of the ventral premotor cortex was observed when actions occurred within the appropriate context. Thus, context, which provides the goal of the action (e.g. to eat or clean) and from which the intentions of the actor may be deciphered, can modulate the degree of engagement of the mirror n ...
... activation of the ventral premotor cortex was observed when actions occurred within the appropriate context. Thus, context, which provides the goal of the action (e.g. to eat or clean) and from which the intentions of the actor may be deciphered, can modulate the degree of engagement of the mirror n ...
Auditory Hallucinations as a Separate Entitity
... no history of hallucinations and healthy volunteers20. A more recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a similar paradigm in another group of hallucinationprone participants again demonstrated normal activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus and attenuated activation of th ...
... no history of hallucinations and healthy volunteers20. A more recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a similar paradigm in another group of hallucinationprone participants again demonstrated normal activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus and attenuated activation of th ...
Broca's area
Broca's area or the Broca area /broʊˈkɑː/ or /ˈbroʊkə/ is a region in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) of the hominid brain with functions linked to speech production.Language processing has been linked to Broca's area since Pierre Paul Broca reported impairments in two patients. They had lost the ability to speak after injury to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the brain. Since then, the approximate region he identified has become known as Broca's area, and the deficit in language production as Broca's aphasia, also called expressive aphasia. Broca's area is now typically defined in terms of the pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, represented in Brodmann's cytoarchitectonic map as areas 44 and 45 of the dominant hemisphere. Studies of chronic aphasia have implicated an essential role of Broca's area in various speech and language functions. Further, fMRI studies have also identified activation patterns in Broca's area associated with various language tasks. However, slow destruction of the Broca's area by brain tumors can leave speech relatively intact suggesting its functions can shift to nearby areas in the brain.