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CHAPTER 3 – THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOUR
CHAPTER 3 – THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOUR

... parents and their offspring. In meiosis each member of the chromosome pair moves to opposite ends of the cell and the cell divides in half. Each daughter cell receives only half (23) the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Each daughter cell then divides into two cells, so that a total of four ...
The Body and the Brain neurons first
The Body and the Brain neurons first

... could use electrical charges to stop a bull in the middle of a charge. Basically, his thesis stated that electrical stimulation to various parts of the brain could change behavior. An EEG – or electroencephalogram – is a device that records the electrical activity of the brain. Electrodes attached t ...
The Body and the Brain neurons first
The Body and the Brain neurons first

... could use electrical charges to stop a bull in the middle of a charge. Basically, his thesis stated that electrical stimulation to various parts of the brain could change behavior. An EEG – or electroencephalogram – is a device that records the electrical activity of the brain. Electrodes attached t ...
chapter 7 the nervous system
chapter 7 the nervous system

... Brain Dysfunctions Traumatic Brain Injuries Concussion – occurs when brain injury is slight; The victim may be dizzy, “see stars,” or lose consciousness briefly; no permanent brain damage  Contusion – the result of marked tissue destruction; can result in coma lasting from hours to a lifetime  Ce ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... or impulses around the body. Inside each nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers. Some nerves are really long, like the ones that go all the way from your feet to your spinal cord. Nerve cells are called neurons.  There are two main types of nerves: motor nerves and sensory nerves. Motor nerves ...
The Nervous System and the Brain
The Nervous System and the Brain

... overreacts. In the absence of external threats, their bodies still respond as if they were faced with danger, such as in anxiety or panic attacks. ...
Lecture Suggestions and Guidelines
Lecture Suggestions and Guidelines

... 1. Neuron processes that generally carry impulses away from the nerve cell body are axons and neuron processes that generally carry impulses toward the nerve cell body are dendrites. What would one call the portion of the neuron process which connects the dendrites to the axon? Answer: In unipolar ...
Ch6 - Unit3Biology
Ch6 - Unit3Biology

... vesicles (on the end of axons only!) • diffuse across the synapse and attach to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane • stimulate another neuron or effector • last for a very short time only (enzymes produced by muscles tissue inactive the substances for example) Example: acetycholine ...
The Biology of Mind take 2
The Biology of Mind take 2

... ones, so when gates or “channels” on the neuron’s membrane open positive ions rush in. •This electrochemical process is called “depolarization.” •When a wave of depolarization moves down the axon, it is called an “action potential.” •Myelin is an insulating sheath that covers the axon and speeds up ...
The Biology of Mind take
The Biology of Mind take

... ones, so when gates or “channels” on the neuron’s membrane open positive ions rush in. •This electrochemical process is called “depolarization.” •When a wave of depolarization moves down the axon, it is called an “action potential.” •Myelin is an insulating sheath that covers the axon and speeds up ...
Document
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... brain during the reflex action, the primary response is "hard wired" through the spinal cord. ...
Bosma Lab Bosma Lab
Bosma Lab Bosma Lab

... 2. Motor neurons, that cause muscle contraction in the periphery of the body. 3. Interneurons, which receive (and often modify) information from neurons, then pass it on to other neurons. ...
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File

... 2. They control the direction of the nerve impulse 3. They prevent over stimulation of effectors 4. The impulse can be blocked by certain chemicals (drugs) – important in controlling pain and certain psychiatric disorders ...
Shape of Thought
Shape of Thought

... contact happens in less than one thousandth of a second, a spell of microtime powerful as fate. Some neurons sprout only a few dendrites, while others send o-u_t many, creating u hug., i.rt i."t.;urrgt. that can talk, ultimately, with 100"000 other neurons. Some neurons broadcast their news, others ...
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File

... • Temporal lobe is primarily to do with the function of hearing and is often referred to as the auditory cortex. • Parietal lobe processes sensations from the skin and different muscles throughout the body. ...
Nervous System PowerPoint
Nervous System PowerPoint

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Alcohol on the nervous system
Alcohol on the nervous system

... receptors on some cells. ...
Ch 7 - Nervous system
Ch 7 - Nervous system

... starts, it is propagated over the entire axon • Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane • The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration – This action requires ATP ...
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters

... According to Loewi, the idea for his key experiment came to him in his sleep. The next day, he dissected out of frogs two beating hearts: one with the vagus nerve which controls heart rate attached, the other heart on its own. Both hearts were bathed in a saline solution (i.e. Ringer's solution). By ...
Nervous Tissue - MrsSconyersAnatomy
Nervous Tissue - MrsSconyersAnatomy

...  What causes a graded potential?  Describe what happens to cause an action potential.  What happens during depolarization? What does ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

...  As impulse move down axon, negative charges become positive, causing action potential Retrived from http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/t hompsonj/Anatomy ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... conduction of nerve impulses is prevented due to parasthesia, leading to muscle weakness, unsteady gait & paralysis ...
Psychology - Bideford College Sixth Form
Psychology - Bideford College Sixth Form

... The Brain is the control centre of the nervous system. It is connected to the rest of the nervous system via the spinal cord. The brain contains billions of neurons that help us coordinate our movements, talk, think, hear, and see. The brain is divided into three main sections:  the brainstem (aka ...
Control Coordination
Control Coordination

... travel across each synapse  They are chemical signals that neurons use to talk to each other, which is what makes your brain work. They help determine how you feel, think and act. ...
Nervous_System__Ch_7__S2015
Nervous_System__Ch_7__S2015

... Synapse is point of interaction between neurons. Not a direct interaction; a space between called synaptic cleft. Transmission across a synaptic cleft is carried out by chemicals called neurotransmitters stored in synaptic vesicles. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor on postsynaptic membrane. Depend ...
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Neurotoxin



Neurotoxins are substances that are poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue. Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue. The term can also be used to classify endogenous compounds, which, when abnormally contact, can prove neurologically toxic. Though neurotoxins are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. Common examples of neurotoxins include lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), Manganese glutamate, nitric oxide (NO), botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential for proper function of the body and only exert neurotoxic effects at excessive concentrations.Neurotoxins inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane, or communication between neurons across a synapse. Local pathology of neurotoxin exposure often includes neuron excitotoxicity or apoptosis but can also include glial cell damage. Macroscopic manifestations of neurotoxin exposure can include widespread central nervous system damage such as intellectual disability, persistent memory impairments, epilepsy, and dementia. Additionally, neurotoxin-mediated peripheral nervous system damage such as neuropathy or myopathy is common. Support has been shown for a number of treatments aimed at attenuating neurotoxin-mediated injury, such as antioxidant, and antitoxin administration.
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