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... appearances if they have been found to be distasteful or otherwise unprofitable in previous attacks. Generalisation is another crucial aspect of predator psychology: if a predator encounters prey with a different appearance than previous prey, the reaction to the new prey may be a generalised versio ...
... appearances if they have been found to be distasteful or otherwise unprofitable in previous attacks. Generalisation is another crucial aspect of predator psychology: if a predator encounters prey with a different appearance than previous prey, the reaction to the new prey may be a generalised versio ...
Collapse of the world`s largest herbivores
... effects, and the conservation efforts needed to save them and their predators from extinction. Large herbivores are generally facing dramatic population declines and range contractions, such that ~60% are threatened with extinction. Nearly all threatened species are in developing countries, where ma ...
... effects, and the conservation efforts needed to save them and their predators from extinction. Large herbivores are generally facing dramatic population declines and range contractions, such that ~60% are threatened with extinction. Nearly all threatened species are in developing countries, where ma ...
Susquenita Curriculum PENNSYLVANIA Course: Science Grade 7
... CLIMATE - Explain the relationship between the energy provided by the sun and the temperature differences among water, land and atmosphere. 4.5.8.D. -- Compact Use the theory of natural selection to examine the causes and consequences of extinction. S8.A.1.2.2 -- Compact Identify environmental issue ...
... CLIMATE - Explain the relationship between the energy provided by the sun and the temperature differences among water, land and atmosphere. 4.5.8.D. -- Compact Use the theory of natural selection to examine the causes and consequences of extinction. S8.A.1.2.2 -- Compact Identify environmental issue ...
December 9, 2005 12:54 WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE jbcb1 THE
... although in a given codon-anticodon pairing only two bases are analyzed. Three different facts support our speculation. First, ancient pre-tRNAs presumably only consisted of the anticodon loop, lacking the D- and T-loops27 . Such pre-tRNAs would have been (almost) symmetrical and could thus bind in ...
... although in a given codon-anticodon pairing only two bases are analyzed. Three different facts support our speculation. First, ancient pre-tRNAs presumably only consisted of the anticodon loop, lacking the D- and T-loops27 . Such pre-tRNAs would have been (almost) symmetrical and could thus bind in ...
Functional Diversity of Small and Large Trees along Secondary
... indices: (1) Functional Richness (FRic), which measures the functional trait space occupied by species based on their position on trait axes, independently of their abundance; (2) Functional Evenness (FEve), which reflects the regularity in the distribution of species abundances, or the regularity i ...
... indices: (1) Functional Richness (FRic), which measures the functional trait space occupied by species based on their position on trait axes, independently of their abundance; (2) Functional Evenness (FEve), which reflects the regularity in the distribution of species abundances, or the regularity i ...
Bacterial colonization and extinction on marine aggregates
... depends on aggregate size and background bacterial density. This deterministic model has been found to describe well the abundance and dynamics of the entire community on the aggregate in terms of density-dependent growth rates, detachment and permanent attachment, and predation from higher trophic ...
... depends on aggregate size and background bacterial density. This deterministic model has been found to describe well the abundance and dynamics of the entire community on the aggregate in terms of density-dependent growth rates, detachment and permanent attachment, and predation from higher trophic ...
Alarm communication: a new function for the scent
... is also probably mechanically spread through the aggregation, resulting in a general erratic scattering of the group. Our experiments with Goniosoma also showed that respondent aggregations (X±SD=20.55±11.10, range 6–42 individuals, n=22) had significantly more individuals than non-respondent ones ( ...
... is also probably mechanically spread through the aggregation, resulting in a general erratic scattering of the group. Our experiments with Goniosoma also showed that respondent aggregations (X±SD=20.55±11.10, range 6–42 individuals, n=22) had significantly more individuals than non-respondent ones ( ...
Importance of large carnivores for species diversity and top down
... A comparable study in Wyoming, USA, showed that the extinction of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and wolves resulted in high densities of moose (Alces alces) that in turn caused changes in the vegetation community (Berger et al. 2001). Willows were taller and had a greater volume in areas where moose ...
... A comparable study in Wyoming, USA, showed that the extinction of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and wolves resulted in high densities of moose (Alces alces) that in turn caused changes in the vegetation community (Berger et al. 2001). Willows were taller and had a greater volume in areas where moose ...
Climate change and southern calamary
... (I) Southern calamary and the fishery in Tasmania Southern calamary are a shallow water species, endemic to southern Australian and northern New Zealand waters. It is one of the most common cephalopods in the coastal waters of southern Australia, and is commercially harvested in Tasmania, South Aus ...
... (I) Southern calamary and the fishery in Tasmania Southern calamary are a shallow water species, endemic to southern Australian and northern New Zealand waters. It is one of the most common cephalopods in the coastal waters of southern Australia, and is commercially harvested in Tasmania, South Aus ...
From spatially explicit ecological models to mean
... Railsback, 2005; Railsback, 2006) are all quite prominent. The main goal of all these approaches is to take into account the fact that a given individual can interact only with a limited number of neighbouring individuals and the local fitness for such individual can vary across the habitat. Consider ...
... Railsback, 2005; Railsback, 2006) are all quite prominent. The main goal of all these approaches is to take into account the fact that a given individual can interact only with a limited number of neighbouring individuals and the local fitness for such individual can vary across the habitat. Consider ...
Research paper: Biotic Homogenisation
... species richness) change over both space and time. The number and manner in which species introductions and extirpations occur may lead to very different levels of homogenisation or differentiation (Olden and Poff, 2003). In the absence of any extirpation, the introduction of the same nonnative spec ...
... species richness) change over both space and time. The number and manner in which species introductions and extirpations occur may lead to very different levels of homogenisation or differentiation (Olden and Poff, 2003). In the absence of any extirpation, the introduction of the same nonnative spec ...
pdf - New Zealand Ecological Society
... in temperature, moisture and salinity (Morris & Parsons 1993; Shardlow 2001). The physical structure of gravel beaches, however, is spatially variable with respect to the relative abundance of fine (≤ 10 mm) and coarse (> 10 mm) substrates (see Fuller 1987), and thus offers invertebrates a latticewo ...
... in temperature, moisture and salinity (Morris & Parsons 1993; Shardlow 2001). The physical structure of gravel beaches, however, is spatially variable with respect to the relative abundance of fine (≤ 10 mm) and coarse (> 10 mm) substrates (see Fuller 1987), and thus offers invertebrates a latticewo ...
Managing for ocean biodiversity to sustain marine ecosystem services.
... assemblages, which also helps to generate a diversity effect Even a simple-sounding ecosystem service may depend (Sala and Knowlton 2006). Structure-forming species, such on complex ecological processes that, in turn, depend on as corals, oysters, kelps, sea- and marsh grasses, and man- high biologi ...
... assemblages, which also helps to generate a diversity effect Even a simple-sounding ecosystem service may depend (Sala and Knowlton 2006). Structure-forming species, such on complex ecological processes that, in turn, depend on as corals, oysters, kelps, sea- and marsh grasses, and man- high biologi ...
Ppt
... 1. The table can be divided into four blocks (codon - reverse codon groups) of the same size, for instance the upper left block with Pro (P), Ser (S), Ala (A) and Thr (T). Each block shows the same arrow pattern. All strongly evolutionary conserved groups of amino acids (Thompson et al., 1994) are s ...
... 1. The table can be divided into four blocks (codon - reverse codon groups) of the same size, for instance the upper left block with Pro (P), Ser (S), Ala (A) and Thr (T). Each block shows the same arrow pattern. All strongly evolutionary conserved groups of amino acids (Thompson et al., 1994) are s ...
Differential population responses of native and alien rodents to an
... with intense intraspecific competition [23]. The top-down forces imposed by mongooses on rat species [24] as well as other endemic species [25] appear to have been ameliorated by an island-scale eradication programme beginning in 2000. The dominant tree species, Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae), who ...
... with intense intraspecific competition [23]. The top-down forces imposed by mongooses on rat species [24] as well as other endemic species [25] appear to have been ameliorated by an island-scale eradication programme beginning in 2000. The dominant tree species, Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae), who ...
1 Ecosystem Services and the Economics of
... and Huhammar, 1999; Norberg, 1999; Limburg and Folke, 1999; Woodward and Wui, 2001). There are serious concerns over the reliability of such estimates. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment did not attempt a comprehensive and systematic ‘total’ valuation of ecosystem services, because their judgement ...
... and Huhammar, 1999; Norberg, 1999; Limburg and Folke, 1999; Woodward and Wui, 2001). There are serious concerns over the reliability of such estimates. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment did not attempt a comprehensive and systematic ‘total’ valuation of ecosystem services, because their judgement ...
pdf reprint
... occupancy dynamics to patch area, quality, and degree of isolation, not just from a mainland, but aggregated over an entire ensemble of potential sources for colonists. Hanski’s exemplary blend of rigorous theory development with an empirical case study of Glanville Fritillary was applicable as a ge ...
... occupancy dynamics to patch area, quality, and degree of isolation, not just from a mainland, but aggregated over an entire ensemble of potential sources for colonists. Hanski’s exemplary blend of rigorous theory development with an empirical case study of Glanville Fritillary was applicable as a ge ...
Benthic grazers and suspension feeders: Which one assumes the
... ABSTRACT: Size-frequency histograms of biomass, secondary production, respiration a n d energy flow of 4 dominant macrobenthic communities of the intertidal bay of K6nlgshafen were analysed and compared. In the shallow sandy fiats (Nereis-Corophium-belt [N.C.-belt], seagrass-bed and Arenicola-flat) ...
... ABSTRACT: Size-frequency histograms of biomass, secondary production, respiration a n d energy flow of 4 dominant macrobenthic communities of the intertidal bay of K6nlgshafen were analysed and compared. In the shallow sandy fiats (Nereis-Corophium-belt [N.C.-belt], seagrass-bed and Arenicola-flat) ...
Do ectotherms partition thermal resources? We still do not know
... because in similar forests where species B is absent, species A still occupies cooler tree trunks. Although hypothetical, this example is plausible because it is consistent with the biology of many lizard species. We can envision similar scenarios for other ectotherm communities. Plastic behavioral ...
... because in similar forests where species B is absent, species A still occupies cooler tree trunks. Although hypothetical, this example is plausible because it is consistent with the biology of many lizard species. We can envision similar scenarios for other ectotherm communities. Plastic behavioral ...
The American Alligator: An Indicator Species for Everglades
... The alligator is an indicator of ecosystem responses to Everglades restoration because it is sensitive to hydrology, salinity, and system productivity, all factors that are expected to change as a result of restoration. Alligators are highly responsive to changes in their environment. As Everglades ...
... The alligator is an indicator of ecosystem responses to Everglades restoration because it is sensitive to hydrology, salinity, and system productivity, all factors that are expected to change as a result of restoration. Alligators are highly responsive to changes in their environment. As Everglades ...
Analyzing ecological networks of species interactions
... et al. 2016d). Applying network approaches to a variety of ecological systems, for example hosts and parasites (Poulin 2010), or bacteria and phage (Weitz et al. 2013), yields new methodological and biological insights, such as the observation that networks tend to be locally nested but regionally m ...
... et al. 2016d). Applying network approaches to a variety of ecological systems, for example hosts and parasites (Poulin 2010), or bacteria and phage (Weitz et al. 2013), yields new methodological and biological insights, such as the observation that networks tend to be locally nested but regionally m ...
Chapter 2
... leading to this peak (8, 24 or 120 paths to 3, 4 or 5 mutations, respectively). Consistent with previous studies of single-peaked adaptive landscapes1-3, many of these direct paths are restricted because genetic interactions render certain mutations deleterious on the background of other mutations ...
... leading to this peak (8, 24 or 120 paths to 3, 4 or 5 mutations, respectively). Consistent with previous studies of single-peaked adaptive landscapes1-3, many of these direct paths are restricted because genetic interactions render certain mutations deleterious on the background of other mutations ...