Genetic structure of the Daphnia longispina complex in European
... High Tatras) was compared. The pattern of mtDNA confirmed multiple colonization of lakes from different source populations, detected haplotype diversity was high and haplotype sharing only within the West or the High Tatras was observed. The observed genetic differentiation indicates low level of ge ...
... High Tatras) was compared. The pattern of mtDNA confirmed multiple colonization of lakes from different source populations, detected haplotype diversity was high and haplotype sharing only within the West or the High Tatras was observed. The observed genetic differentiation indicates low level of ge ...
Metagenomic analysis of a soil enrichment cultures
... 16s rRNA gene of virtually all species because they hybridize to a highly conserved region. However, an important difference here is that the template is a pool of mixed genomic DNA, so there are potentially 1000s of different 16s rRNA genes present. Each one is amplified in the reaction, yielding a ...
... 16s rRNA gene of virtually all species because they hybridize to a highly conserved region. However, an important difference here is that the template is a pool of mixed genomic DNA, so there are potentially 1000s of different 16s rRNA genes present. Each one is amplified in the reaction, yielding a ...
Diversity Increases Indirect Interactions
... There are many experimental studies that demonstrate such indirect facilitative interactions among plant species (Miller 1994; Levine 1999; Callaway and Pennings 2000; Metlen et al. 2013; Aschehoug and Callaway 2014). However, theory that incorporates indirect facilitative interactions such as these ...
... There are many experimental studies that demonstrate such indirect facilitative interactions among plant species (Miller 1994; Levine 1999; Callaway and Pennings 2000; Metlen et al. 2013; Aschehoug and Callaway 2014). However, theory that incorporates indirect facilitative interactions such as these ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... Botstein & Risch, Nature Gen. 33, 228 (2003) and is also biased to substitutions. 12. Lecture WS 2003/04 ...
... Botstein & Risch, Nature Gen. 33, 228 (2003) and is also biased to substitutions. 12. Lecture WS 2003/04 ...
Species interaction mechanisms maintain grassland
... signs (Loreau and Hector 2001). We did not include one forb species, Oenothera speciosa, in our calculations for years 2 through 7 because it was lost from all plots during year 2. Simpson’s diversity (D) was calculated for each plot, where D ¼ 1/R p2i and pi is the relative biomass of species i. Si ...
... signs (Loreau and Hector 2001). We did not include one forb species, Oenothera speciosa, in our calculations for years 2 through 7 because it was lost from all plots during year 2. Simpson’s diversity (D) was calculated for each plot, where D ¼ 1/R p2i and pi is the relative biomass of species i. Si ...
Comments - Society for Conservation Biology
... More recently, Carroll et al. (2006) estimated a potential population of 900 wolves in Colorado. Both models identified large core areas of habitat that would act as source populations throughout the region. Without ESA protection, it will be very difficult for wolves to disperse into Utah and Colo ...
... More recently, Carroll et al. (2006) estimated a potential population of 900 wolves in Colorado. Both models identified large core areas of habitat that would act as source populations throughout the region. Without ESA protection, it will be very difficult for wolves to disperse into Utah and Colo ...
ASSESSING RISKS TO BIODIVERSITY FROM FUTURE
... Land-use practices are a major cause of the decline in biodiversity in recent decades (Soulé 1991). Conservation efforts have focused on maintaining biological diversity primarily by minimizing exposure to human activities through establishment of networks of protected areas. Gap Analysis (Scott et ...
... Land-use practices are a major cause of the decline in biodiversity in recent decades (Soulé 1991). Conservation efforts have focused on maintaining biological diversity primarily by minimizing exposure to human activities through establishment of networks of protected areas. Gap Analysis (Scott et ...
Hippocampus reidi (Longsnout Seahorse)
... courtship (Dias and Rosa, 2003). These seahorses are frequently found from 15-55m below the ocean’s surface (Lourie et al., 2004) but can occur at depths of 0.1-75m and are usually anchored to mangrove roots, sea grass stems, macroalgae, cnidarians, sponges, tunicates, gorgonians or stone corals (Ro ...
... courtship (Dias and Rosa, 2003). These seahorses are frequently found from 15-55m below the ocean’s surface (Lourie et al., 2004) but can occur at depths of 0.1-75m and are usually anchored to mangrove roots, sea grass stems, macroalgae, cnidarians, sponges, tunicates, gorgonians or stone corals (Ro ...
Wolverine - Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre
... Wolverines typically occupy home ranges that vary from about 50-400 km2 for females and 230-1580 km2 for males (COSEWIC 2003). Dispersing sub-adult males have an average home range size of 3500 km2 (COSEWIC 2003). There may be home range overlap between members of the same and opposite sexes, howeve ...
... Wolverines typically occupy home ranges that vary from about 50-400 km2 for females and 230-1580 km2 for males (COSEWIC 2003). Dispersing sub-adult males have an average home range size of 3500 km2 (COSEWIC 2003). There may be home range overlap between members of the same and opposite sexes, howeve ...
Interpreting the `selection effect` of biodiversity on ecosystem function
... to understand how interspecific differences in ecological attributes affect aggregate ecosystem functioning. Recent theory (Loreau & Hector 2001) suggests that two effects can cause a diverse mixture of species to function differently than would be expected based on the functional performance of ind ...
... to understand how interspecific differences in ecological attributes affect aggregate ecosystem functioning. Recent theory (Loreau & Hector 2001) suggests that two effects can cause a diverse mixture of species to function differently than would be expected based on the functional performance of ind ...
Galapagos vertebrates: endangered status and conservation actions
... with an estimated 50 breeding pairs, is currently restricted to two patches of mangroves on western Isabela11. The main threats include introduced species such as wasps (Polistes versicolor), rats, cats, ants (Solenopsis spp.)1, and the parasitic fly, Philornis downsi, whose larvae suck blood from b ...
... with an estimated 50 breeding pairs, is currently restricted to two patches of mangroves on western Isabela11. The main threats include introduced species such as wasps (Polistes versicolor), rats, cats, ants (Solenopsis spp.)1, and the parasitic fly, Philornis downsi, whose larvae suck blood from b ...
B. Current Taxonomic Status History: How many manzanita species
... and oak savannas. At low latitudes, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi occurs in montane regions (e.g., Rockies, Appalachians, Alps, Himalayas) and in coastal pine barrens and dunes (e.g., New Jersey and Michigan, USA). A disjunct population of A. uva-ursi (called A. uva-ursi subsp. cratericola (Donn.Sm.) P.V. ...
... and oak savannas. At low latitudes, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi occurs in montane regions (e.g., Rockies, Appalachians, Alps, Himalayas) and in coastal pine barrens and dunes (e.g., New Jersey and Michigan, USA). A disjunct population of A. uva-ursi (called A. uva-ursi subsp. cratericola (Donn.Sm.) P.V. ...
Notes - Being an Environmental Scientist
... • Parasitism where host dies is devastating to both the parasite and the host populations. • Important host survives and thrives long enough for the parasite to reproduce and spread. ...
... • Parasitism where host dies is devastating to both the parasite and the host populations. • Important host survives and thrives long enough for the parasite to reproduce and spread. ...
Convergence in Morphological Patterns and Community
... out paired t-tests for each species because no species occurred in more than two regions. Because slight morphological differences may exist even where differences do not appear significant, we carried out our B-D analyses on both pooled assemblages (using means for specimens from all geographic reg ...
... out paired t-tests for each species because no species occurred in more than two regions. Because slight morphological differences may exist even where differences do not appear significant, we carried out our B-D analyses on both pooled assemblages (using means for specimens from all geographic reg ...
A Unique Mutualism: Seed Dispersal and Primate Self
... (Holbrook and Loiselle, 2009). Because the majority of seed dispersal is carried out by relatively few species, conservation of these dispersal agents is essential not only for the preservation of the animal species but also the plant species they disperse. This study reveals some of the major long- ...
... (Holbrook and Loiselle, 2009). Because the majority of seed dispersal is carried out by relatively few species, conservation of these dispersal agents is essential not only for the preservation of the animal species but also the plant species they disperse. This study reveals some of the major long- ...
this PDF file
... Afterward we applied the smote algorithm on the learning sets to make them balanced. However we do not change the class distribution of the testing sets. Finally, we applied the C4.5 algorithm using 10-folded cross validation to build the decision tree. Tables I gives the distribution of learning se ...
... Afterward we applied the smote algorithm on the learning sets to make them balanced. However we do not change the class distribution of the testing sets. Finally, we applied the C4.5 algorithm using 10-folded cross validation to build the decision tree. Tables I gives the distribution of learning se ...
Management of introduced animals in Galapagos
... reducing the damage they cause to levels that do not alter natural ecosystem processes and biological diversity significantly. Eradication is the preferred option, provided it is feasible, as it is more cost-effective in the long term than continuous control. It is increasingly viable because of dev ...
... reducing the damage they cause to levels that do not alter natural ecosystem processes and biological diversity significantly. Eradication is the preferred option, provided it is feasible, as it is more cost-effective in the long term than continuous control. It is increasingly viable because of dev ...
Traveling wave solutions of a reaction diffusion model for competing
... In this section, we seek a traveling wave solution of (15) with a slow wave speed c which connects the two equilibria ðcz110 ; 0Þ and (0, w2). Since the population of one species is essentially zero in the wake of such solutions they may be considered extinction waves where there is a transition of ...
... In this section, we seek a traveling wave solution of (15) with a slow wave speed c which connects the two equilibria ðcz110 ; 0Þ and (0, w2). Since the population of one species is essentially zero in the wake of such solutions they may be considered extinction waves where there is a transition of ...
Patch Size and Population Density: The Effect of Immigration
... plankters deposited at random points on the landscape, survivors begin their search for a habitat fragment from random points in the clearcut matrix. Depending on their orientation behavior, predicted relationships between density and the size of these fragments may range from negative to positive ( ...
... plankters deposited at random points on the landscape, survivors begin their search for a habitat fragment from random points in the clearcut matrix. Depending on their orientation behavior, predicted relationships between density and the size of these fragments may range from negative to positive ( ...
Schluter TREE 2001
... environments. Ecological speciation is general and might occur in allopatry or sympatry, involve many agents of natural selection, and result from a combination of adaptive processes. The main difficulty of the ecological hypothesis has been the scarcity of examples from nature, but several potentia ...
... environments. Ecological speciation is general and might occur in allopatry or sympatry, involve many agents of natural selection, and result from a combination of adaptive processes. The main difficulty of the ecological hypothesis has been the scarcity of examples from nature, but several potentia ...
Supplementary Information to manuscript Microbial life in the Lake
... See Text S5 for details on phylogenetic analyses. Neighbor-joining analysis using 1000 bootstrap replicates was used to infer tree topology. The scale bar represents 10% of sequence divergence. Bootstrap values are indicated at branch points as open (>50%) and closed (>75%) circles. Sequences obtain ...
... See Text S5 for details on phylogenetic analyses. Neighbor-joining analysis using 1000 bootstrap replicates was used to infer tree topology. The scale bar represents 10% of sequence divergence. Bootstrap values are indicated at branch points as open (>50%) and closed (>75%) circles. Sequences obtain ...
Insights into the Management of Large Carnivores for
... through predation on wild ungulates that may not be offset by profits from hunting them, whereas the returns from trophy hunting of leopards are projected to exceed the costs due to leopard predation. In the absence of additional income derived from photo-tourism the number of lions may need to be m ...
... through predation on wild ungulates that may not be offset by profits from hunting them, whereas the returns from trophy hunting of leopards are projected to exceed the costs due to leopard predation. In the absence of additional income derived from photo-tourism the number of lions may need to be m ...
BioPerf: A Benchmark Suite to Evaluate High-Performance
... selection, are conserved over time. Such genomic portions that are related due to their derivation from the same element in a common ancestral genome are termed homolog. Sequence homology study aims to infer genome organization and structure, as well as the evolutionary mechanisms that shaped presen ...
... selection, are conserved over time. Such genomic portions that are related due to their derivation from the same element in a common ancestral genome are termed homolog. Sequence homology study aims to infer genome organization and structure, as well as the evolutionary mechanisms that shaped presen ...
pdf. - Evolution and Ecology | UC Davis
... in size along different morphological axes. The use of a geometric mean of the linear measures allowed us to capture some of the shape variation associated with size. We measured the morphological characters listed above because each has predictable consequences for performance in ecologically relev ...
... in size along different morphological axes. The use of a geometric mean of the linear measures allowed us to capture some of the shape variation associated with size. We measured the morphological characters listed above because each has predictable consequences for performance in ecologically relev ...