Places for Wolves - Defenders of Wildlife
... Then Defenders of Wildlife stepped in and offered to help livestock producers try nonlethal means to deter depredation instead. They agreed, and for the 2008 grazing season Defenders hired and trained a field crew to keep sheep and wolves safely apart. The crew worked with sheep herders and used a c ...
... Then Defenders of Wildlife stepped in and offered to help livestock producers try nonlethal means to deter depredation instead. They agreed, and for the 2008 grazing season Defenders hired and trained a field crew to keep sheep and wolves safely apart. The crew worked with sheep herders and used a c ...
native gastropods and introduced crabs: shell morphology
... Table 1.1 Number of snails measured per size class per region………….…………….34 Table 1.2a Summary of each site: unscarred snails 5-13 mm in height: shell thickness, shell height, and number of snails measured…………………………………………….34 Table 1.2b Summary of each region: unscarred snails 5-13 mm in height: mean ...
... Table 1.1 Number of snails measured per size class per region………….…………….34 Table 1.2a Summary of each site: unscarred snails 5-13 mm in height: shell thickness, shell height, and number of snails measured…………………………………………….34 Table 1.2b Summary of each region: unscarred snails 5-13 mm in height: mean ...
Influence of phenotypic and social traits on dispersal in a family
... broods may be produced during this period (Tarwater and Brawn 2008; Tarwater and Brawn 2010b). Adults were color banded for individual identification and nests of 25–60 breeding pairs were monitored depending upon the year. Nestlings (n = 225) were color banded prior to fledging, and offspring wer ...
... broods may be produced during this period (Tarwater and Brawn 2008; Tarwater and Brawn 2010b). Adults were color banded for individual identification and nests of 25–60 breeding pairs were monitored depending upon the year. Nestlings (n = 225) were color banded prior to fledging, and offspring wer ...
Bison as Keystone Herbivores on the Great Plains
... that are not recognized. There are as many as 80 breeds available for production in the United States. Each breed has distinctive characteristics that are used to develop herds that are best suited for certain objectives and environments. Most of the breeding efforts have been largely associated wit ...
... that are not recognized. There are as many as 80 breeds available for production in the United States. Each breed has distinctive characteristics that are used to develop herds that are best suited for certain objectives and environments. Most of the breeding efforts have been largely associated wit ...
Recovery Plan for Blackburn`s Sphinx Moth
... support extant populations and high-quality habitat known to have supported moth populations in the past; (2) stabilize moth populations within their known distributions; and (3) conduct research necessary to redefine recovery criteria. Reclassification is appropriate when a taxon is no longer in d ...
... support extant populations and high-quality habitat known to have supported moth populations in the past; (2) stabilize moth populations within their known distributions; and (3) conduct research necessary to redefine recovery criteria. Reclassification is appropriate when a taxon is no longer in d ...
Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci)
... unclear the amount of times A. planci spawn during the year, spawning occurs when the water temperatures are warmer, roughly December to April (Pratchett et al., 2014). During a spawning event, A. planci form aggregations wherein the females release eggs and the males release sperm into the water co ...
... unclear the amount of times A. planci spawn during the year, spawning occurs when the water temperatures are warmer, roughly December to April (Pratchett et al., 2014). During a spawning event, A. planci form aggregations wherein the females release eggs and the males release sperm into the water co ...
Conservation of kaka in New Zealand
... suitable habitat. A marked difference in productivity occurred between the 1988 and 1989 breeding seasons (eight nests in 1989 compared with 26 the preceding year). Chicks in three out of eight nests starved to death in 1989, though no starvation was observed in 1988. In 1988 23% of nests failed bec ...
... suitable habitat. A marked difference in productivity occurred between the 1988 and 1989 breeding seasons (eight nests in 1989 compared with 26 the preceding year). Chicks in three out of eight nests starved to death in 1989, though no starvation was observed in 1988. In 1988 23% of nests failed bec ...
Infralittoral biotopes - The Marine Life Information Network
... Species in this biotope most likely compete aggressively for space. For instance, the sea anemone Metridium senile has 'catch tentacles' that are used to sting other species in the assemblage causing necrotic patches. Others may overgrow encrusting fauna and flora. Sebens (1985), studying similar co ...
... Species in this biotope most likely compete aggressively for space. For instance, the sea anemone Metridium senile has 'catch tentacles' that are used to sting other species in the assemblage causing necrotic patches. Others may overgrow encrusting fauna and flora. Sebens (1985), studying similar co ...
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Pelagic Zooplankton
... mean production recorded was 0.92 gdwm-3y-1. Likewise, M. bosumtwii formed 68 % of annual community production but the contribution to community biomass was shared almost equally with Chaoborus in successive years. Mean annual community P/B ratio (biomass turnover rates) measured was 23.40, which is ...
... mean production recorded was 0.92 gdwm-3y-1. Likewise, M. bosumtwii formed 68 % of annual community production but the contribution to community biomass was shared almost equally with Chaoborus in successive years. Mean annual community P/B ratio (biomass turnover rates) measured was 23.40, which is ...
Abstracts for the AOU/COS/SCO Meeting, 2014
... Much attention has been recently given to declines observed in North American landbird populations, spurring new research into the possible sources of these declines. Constant effort mist netting provides one tool to aid our understanding of demographic factors that may drive population trends in bi ...
... Much attention has been recently given to declines observed in North American landbird populations, spurring new research into the possible sources of these declines. Constant effort mist netting provides one tool to aid our understanding of demographic factors that may drive population trends in bi ...
cougars - Raincoast Conservation Foundation
... Despite this conservation promise, cougars in BC face many problems. They have been subjected, historically and currently, to exploitation and persecution by humans. At present, the BC government, which is responsible for cougar conservation, lacks sufficient ecological data and a contemporary or co ...
... Despite this conservation promise, cougars in BC face many problems. They have been subjected, historically and currently, to exploitation and persecution by humans. At present, the BC government, which is responsible for cougar conservation, lacks sufficient ecological data and a contemporary or co ...
Use of Herring Bait to Farm Lobsters in the Gulf...
... correlations between new recruits and both juvenile lobster abundance and commercial landings along the coast of Maine suggest that recruitment at least partially limits lobster populations in the Gulf of Maine [10,20]. Disentangling the multiple factors that might influence lobster recruitment and ...
... correlations between new recruits and both juvenile lobster abundance and commercial landings along the coast of Maine suggest that recruitment at least partially limits lobster populations in the Gulf of Maine [10,20]. Disentangling the multiple factors that might influence lobster recruitment and ...
aggregation
... 1) describes the basic ideas of the aggregation theory of species coexistence 2) indicates the two different questions that ecologists ask 3) summarizes the support for the aggregation theory in respect of these questions 4) considers the mechanisms, or the lack of them, that allow the conditions re ...
... 1) describes the basic ideas of the aggregation theory of species coexistence 2) indicates the two different questions that ecologists ask 3) summarizes the support for the aggregation theory in respect of these questions 4) considers the mechanisms, or the lack of them, that allow the conditions re ...
Botrychium echo W.H. Wagner (reflected grapefern): A Technical
... to physiographic features and municipalities. Map extent is the state of Colorado. .................................... 24 Figure 6. Habitat of Botrychium echo at Coney Flats, Boulder County, Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest. Botrychium hesperium, B. lanceolatum, B. pallidum, and B. minganense are ...
... to physiographic features and municipalities. Map extent is the state of Colorado. .................................... 24 Figure 6. Habitat of Botrychium echo at Coney Flats, Boulder County, Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest. Botrychium hesperium, B. lanceolatum, B. pallidum, and B. minganense are ...
Competitive interactions for shelter between
... fish were spending time closer to (or further from) shelter than would be expected by chance during the initial isolation period. We could then do the same for the interaction period and compare the results to determine whether presence of the potential competitor resulted in a shift in positioning ...
... fish were spending time closer to (or further from) shelter than would be expected by chance during the initial isolation period. We could then do the same for the interaction period and compare the results to determine whether presence of the potential competitor resulted in a shift in positioning ...
Informing Biodiversity Conservation for the Adelaide and Mount
... an analysis of vegetation decline) using current landscape planning principles, and by linking with other relevant regional planning processes. Conservation targets and actions are set at a variety of biological and spatial scales. There are high-level targets for managing landscapes as a whole, com ...
... an analysis of vegetation decline) using current landscape planning principles, and by linking with other relevant regional planning processes. Conservation targets and actions are set at a variety of biological and spatial scales. There are high-level targets for managing landscapes as a whole, com ...
Herring and ICES: a historical sketch of a few
... renewal process is of a highly irregular nature”. Under “migration thinking”, stock abundance was considered to be relatively constant, with major fluctuations caused by variations in migration patterns. Under “population thinking”, year-class variability generates fluctuations within geographically ...
... renewal process is of a highly irregular nature”. Under “migration thinking”, stock abundance was considered to be relatively constant, with major fluctuations caused by variations in migration patterns. Under “population thinking”, year-class variability generates fluctuations within geographically ...
AP UNIT 9
... learning in which an animal learns to associate one of its behaviors with a reward or punishment • It is also called trial-and-error learning – For example, a rat that is fed after pushing a lever will learn to push the lever in order to receive food – For example, a predator may learn to avoid a sp ...
... learning in which an animal learns to associate one of its behaviors with a reward or punishment • It is also called trial-and-error learning – For example, a rat that is fed after pushing a lever will learn to push the lever in order to receive food – For example, a predator may learn to avoid a sp ...
reducing feral cat threats to native wildlife
... Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO), determined the incidence of three feline diseases on Mauna Kea, studied feral cat home range, developed and tested trap-signaling devices, tested food-based baits and attractants, analyzed feral cat population dynamics using genetic techniques, and developed a ...
... Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO), determined the incidence of three feline diseases on Mauna Kea, studied feral cat home range, developed and tested trap-signaling devices, tested food-based baits and attractants, analyzed feral cat population dynamics using genetic techniques, and developed a ...
Resurrecting the Ecological Underpinnings of Ocean Plankton Blooms
... The springtime co-occurrence of rising phytoplankton concentration, increasing sunlight, and shoaling mixed-layer depths (MLDs) naturally led early investigators to assume that the subarctic Atlantic spring bloom is a consequence of rapid cell division triggered by increasing light. In particular, a ...
... The springtime co-occurrence of rising phytoplankton concentration, increasing sunlight, and shoaling mixed-layer depths (MLDs) naturally led early investigators to assume that the subarctic Atlantic spring bloom is a consequence of rapid cell division triggered by increasing light. In particular, a ...
What Science Brings to the Challenge of Recovering Species
... hierarchy of genetically distinct groups that tend to show local adaptation to varying selective environments (reviewed in Taylor 1991). Therefore, the biological framework used by NMFS to define an ESU includes: (a) substantial reproductive isolation and (b) assurance that the designated population ...
... hierarchy of genetically distinct groups that tend to show local adaptation to varying selective environments (reviewed in Taylor 1991). Therefore, the biological framework used by NMFS to define an ESU includes: (a) substantial reproductive isolation and (b) assurance that the designated population ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.