Lesson 5: ECOSYSTEMS
... They are able to produce food from the energy of the sun through photosynthesis or, in some instances, from inorganic molecules through chemosynthesis. They are autotrophs. They are the beginning of every food chain. They are plants, some bacteria, algae and chemosynthetic organisms. 3.2. Consumers. ...
... They are able to produce food from the energy of the sun through photosynthesis or, in some instances, from inorganic molecules through chemosynthesis. They are autotrophs. They are the beginning of every food chain. They are plants, some bacteria, algae and chemosynthetic organisms. 3.2. Consumers. ...
Changing Gears—Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors
... Today’s Objectives By the end of class today, you will be able to: distinguish the difference between biotic and abiotic factors and the role they play in environmental communities to identify the 4 mains parts of energy flow through an ecosystem ...
... Today’s Objectives By the end of class today, you will be able to: distinguish the difference between biotic and abiotic factors and the role they play in environmental communities to identify the 4 mains parts of energy flow through an ecosystem ...
Population Growth Class Activity Practice
... 11. Intensity of effect no greater for larger population, no less for smaller population ...
... 11. Intensity of effect no greater for larger population, no less for smaller population ...
Populations respond to pressures..
... Effects of Population Density In the situation described above, the seagull population could decrease as a result of competition for food. Competition is an example of a density-dependent factor—that is, a limiting factor that affects a population when density is high. Disease is another density-de ...
... Effects of Population Density In the situation described above, the seagull population could decrease as a result of competition for food. Competition is an example of a density-dependent factor—that is, a limiting factor that affects a population when density is high. Disease is another density-de ...
Climate Change and Marine Food Webs
... phytoplankton at the bottom of the food chain. The cold water current arrived two months after the auklets’ breeding season, leaving nesting birds with no nearby source of food for their chicks9. This was not the first time this had happened; similar conditions are seen during El Niño events, a peri ...
... phytoplankton at the bottom of the food chain. The cold water current arrived two months after the auklets’ breeding season, leaving nesting birds with no nearby source of food for their chicks9. This was not the first time this had happened; similar conditions are seen during El Niño events, a peri ...
Demography gone wild in native species: four reasons to avoid the
... Basin, where man-induced changes go back for more than 8000 years. What is the reference ecosystem to use in order to decide if a particular species is rapidly spreading in a disregulated way or simply recovering a past equilibrium (Balaguer et al., 2014)? What can be learnt from pooling native and ...
... Basin, where man-induced changes go back for more than 8000 years. What is the reference ecosystem to use in order to decide if a particular species is rapidly spreading in a disregulated way or simply recovering a past equilibrium (Balaguer et al., 2014)? What can be learnt from pooling native and ...
- RSPCA Victoria
... • Surface erosion has been stabilised, cover of perennial grasses has improved and there are some signs of natural recovery are now being seen in the recruitment of the key woody species ...
... • Surface erosion has been stabilised, cover of perennial grasses has improved and there are some signs of natural recovery are now being seen in the recruitment of the key woody species ...
Conceptual Understanding Model (9
... for the patterns of behavior in organisms related to seeking rewards, avoiding punishments, and/or forming attachments to members of their own species and, in some cases, to members of other species. LS2.C HS-LS2-h Develop, revise, and use a mathematical model to support an explanation of how comple ...
... for the patterns of behavior in organisms related to seeking rewards, avoiding punishments, and/or forming attachments to members of their own species and, in some cases, to members of other species. LS2.C HS-LS2-h Develop, revise, and use a mathematical model to support an explanation of how comple ...
Ecology
... 167. Distinguish between a quantitative and a qualitative survey by writing a sentence about each. 168. 1. Name one plant from the ecosystem you have studied. 2. Describe how you carried out a quantitative survey to determine its frequency. 169. As a result of pollution, a species of plant disappear ...
... 167. Distinguish between a quantitative and a qualitative survey by writing a sentence about each. 168. 1. Name one plant from the ecosystem you have studied. 2. Describe how you carried out a quantitative survey to determine its frequency. 169. As a result of pollution, a species of plant disappear ...
SHALOM: a landscape simulation model for understanding animal
... in the habitat (e.g., for resources that occur equally in a habitat, each has a resource-proportion of 0.5). A patch is the area composed of all adjacent cells sharing a habitat type where the local-scale processes take place. Individuals of a species in one patch (population) interact among thems ...
... in the habitat (e.g., for resources that occur equally in a habitat, each has a resource-proportion of 0.5). A patch is the area composed of all adjacent cells sharing a habitat type where the local-scale processes take place. Individuals of a species in one patch (population) interact among thems ...
`The Smallest Elephant in the Room`
... these quite recently-discovered [stygofaunal] communities, and given their high conservation value, the groundwater upon which they depend should be given the highest level of protection’ (ANZECC & ARMCANZ 2000. Box 1.2, page 1-2). ...
... these quite recently-discovered [stygofaunal] communities, and given their high conservation value, the groundwater upon which they depend should be given the highest level of protection’ (ANZECC & ARMCANZ 2000. Box 1.2, page 1-2). ...
Analyzing Communities
... In a new community, pioneer organisms (weeds, grasses, etc.) move in first, helping to regenerate the soil, lowering the soil temperature and the amount of moisture evaporation. These plants are sun tolerant and resist fluctuations in soil temperatures. The pioneer community is pushed out by a seral ...
... In a new community, pioneer organisms (weeds, grasses, etc.) move in first, helping to regenerate the soil, lowering the soil temperature and the amount of moisture evaporation. These plants are sun tolerant and resist fluctuations in soil temperatures. The pioneer community is pushed out by a seral ...
English
... and polluting the environment – but can be very effective in some cases While complete eradication of small invasive animals on islands has been effected with poisons, this method has drawbacks associated with dosages and applications in the field – especially on organisms that are not well-known ...
... and polluting the environment – but can be very effective in some cases While complete eradication of small invasive animals on islands has been effected with poisons, this method has drawbacks associated with dosages and applications in the field – especially on organisms that are not well-known ...
fish species ecology in spanish freshwater ecosystems
... this, a study was carried out in seven reservoirs in the south of the Iberian Peninsula (GRANADO LORENCIO & SANCHO, 1987). The aim was to study the behaviour of different climatic. edaphic, soil-use, limnological, and fish production variables, to detect which were most important, using multiple reg ...
... this, a study was carried out in seven reservoirs in the south of the Iberian Peninsula (GRANADO LORENCIO & SANCHO, 1987). The aim was to study the behaviour of different climatic. edaphic, soil-use, limnological, and fish production variables, to detect which were most important, using multiple reg ...
Revision questions
... this relationship? 6. How can a biological clock that results in mass emergence of insects such as dragonflies reduce predation? 7. Explain why competition may be one of the most important factors influencing the timing of circadian rhythms. 8. What is the term given to a relationship where one spec ...
... this relationship? 6. How can a biological clock that results in mass emergence of insects such as dragonflies reduce predation? 7. Explain why competition may be one of the most important factors influencing the timing of circadian rhythms. 8. What is the term given to a relationship where one spec ...
The Red Queen and the Court Jester
... preclude expansionist models because they may key numerical assumptions (11, 12), and the back- times as diverse as life in the sea, so it may be be dampened by limiting factors such as shortage ground assumption of a global carrying capacity is wrong to generalize from marine paleontologof food or ...
... preclude expansionist models because they may key numerical assumptions (11, 12), and the back- times as diverse as life in the sea, so it may be be dampened by limiting factors such as shortage ground assumption of a global carrying capacity is wrong to generalize from marine paleontologof food or ...
BIOS 3010: Ecology 2. The effect of grazing herbivores: 3. The effect
... 5. The effects of parasites and disease: • Exploiters can affect other interactions and facilitate coexistence of species (Fig. 21.4). – Strongly negative effects on communities can also occur for highly pathogenic invading diseases: • e.g. malaria and bird pox in Hawaii: – may have exterminated ...
... 5. The effects of parasites and disease: • Exploiters can affect other interactions and facilitate coexistence of species (Fig. 21.4). – Strongly negative effects on communities can also occur for highly pathogenic invading diseases: • e.g. malaria and bird pox in Hawaii: – may have exterminated ...
Microbial Interactions
... • One organism gains (parasite) and the other is harmed (host) • Always some co-existence between host and parasite • Successful parasites have evolved to coexist in equilibrium with their hosts – if balance upset, host or parasite may die ...
... • One organism gains (parasite) and the other is harmed (host) • Always some co-existence between host and parasite • Successful parasites have evolved to coexist in equilibrium with their hosts – if balance upset, host or parasite may die ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.