The Niche
... Barnacles often attach themselves to a whale’s skin. They perform no known service to the whale, nor do they harm it. Yet the barnacles benefit from the constant movement of water—that is full of food particles—past the swimming whale. This is an example of 20. commensalism, a relationship in ...
... Barnacles often attach themselves to a whale’s skin. They perform no known service to the whale, nor do they harm it. Yet the barnacles benefit from the constant movement of water—that is full of food particles—past the swimming whale. This is an example of 20. commensalism, a relationship in ...
A general theory of ecology
... important property. The heterogeneity of distribution is one of the most striking features of nature: all species have a heterogeneous distribution at some, if not most, spatial scales. Arguably, the origins of ecology as a discipline and the first ecological theories can be traced to its recognitio ...
... important property. The heterogeneity of distribution is one of the most striking features of nature: all species have a heterogeneous distribution at some, if not most, spatial scales. Arguably, the origins of ecology as a discipline and the first ecological theories can be traced to its recognitio ...
Measuring Biodiversity
... In fact, for some conservation questions, more than one measure may have to be used. ...
... In fact, for some conservation questions, more than one measure may have to be used. ...
Ecological and evolutionary traps
... of negative outcomes of inappropriate habitat selection [4]. However, the mechanism that underlies an ecological trap is applicable more broadly because organisms also rely on environmental cues to make a variety of behavioral and life-history ‘decisions’, such as when to migrate, when to reproduce, ...
... of negative outcomes of inappropriate habitat selection [4]. However, the mechanism that underlies an ecological trap is applicable more broadly because organisms also rely on environmental cues to make a variety of behavioral and life-history ‘decisions’, such as when to migrate, when to reproduce, ...
PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY: LECTURES 3 and 4
... Name the two suborders of the Order Cetacea, and describe the major difference between them. Be able to provide examples for each group. ...
... Name the two suborders of the Order Cetacea, and describe the major difference between them. Be able to provide examples for each group. ...
Causes and Consequences of Species Extinctions
... current and future extinction rates are estimated using a variety of measures such as species–area models and changes in the World Conservation Union’s (IUCN) threat categories over time. Based on the global as sessment of all known species, some 31, 12, and 20% of known amphibian, bird, and mammal ...
... current and future extinction rates are estimated using a variety of measures such as species–area models and changes in the World Conservation Union’s (IUCN) threat categories over time. Based on the global as sessment of all known species, some 31, 12, and 20% of known amphibian, bird, and mammal ...
Conservation Challenges of Predator Recovery
... incidental, and cannot appreciably reduce likelihood of species survival/recovery; other limitations. See 16 USC § 1539(a)(2). Litigation possible. For a population to be listed separately from the species as a whole, population must be discrete, significant, and imperiled. 61 Fed. Reg. 4722. Presum ...
... incidental, and cannot appreciably reduce likelihood of species survival/recovery; other limitations. See 16 USC § 1539(a)(2). Litigation possible. For a population to be listed separately from the species as a whole, population must be discrete, significant, and imperiled. 61 Fed. Reg. 4722. Presum ...
Multiple prey traits, multiple predators: keys to understanding
... or a set of physical or chemical variables. For example, a common indirect effect is exploitative competition, where one species impacts the density of another species through consumption of shared prey (Connell, 1983; Shoener, 1983; Goldberg and Barton, 1992; Wootton, 1994; Grover, 1997). There are ...
... or a set of physical or chemical variables. For example, a common indirect effect is exploitative competition, where one species impacts the density of another species through consumption of shared prey (Connell, 1983; Shoener, 1983; Goldberg and Barton, 1992; Wootton, 1994; Grover, 1997). There are ...
Territoriality in the South African Intertidal Limpet Scutellastra
... In community ecology, competition is thought to be one of the most important processes driving the structure and function of natural species assemblages [22]. In particular, competition for space has received a great amount of attention to better understand distribution and abundance and species com ...
... In community ecology, competition is thought to be one of the most important processes driving the structure and function of natural species assemblages [22]. In particular, competition for space has received a great amount of attention to better understand distribution and abundance and species com ...
An Overview of Herbivory as an Ecological Process
... can control the most limiting resources wins. Once woody or exotic species are given an advantage, those same species MAY be able to hold that advantage if they can out-compete for the critical resources. ALSO...the rules of "the most limiting" resources could be changed as well. If for example, woo ...
... can control the most limiting resources wins. Once woody or exotic species are given an advantage, those same species MAY be able to hold that advantage if they can out-compete for the critical resources. ALSO...the rules of "the most limiting" resources could be changed as well. If for example, woo ...
Activity 5 Mass Extinction and Fossil Records
... Mass Extinction and Adaptive Radiation Extinction is the total disappearance of a species. Extinction means that not a single organism of the species lives anywhere on Earth.The fossil record is a virtual graveyard of extinct species. It is strewn with the fossilized remains of millions of extinct s ...
... Mass Extinction and Adaptive Radiation Extinction is the total disappearance of a species. Extinction means that not a single organism of the species lives anywhere on Earth.The fossil record is a virtual graveyard of extinct species. It is strewn with the fossilized remains of millions of extinct s ...
ILO/Study Guide for Unit 1
... Identify the abiotic and biotic factors in each zone of a marine ecosystem: coastal; intertidal; and neritic ...
... Identify the abiotic and biotic factors in each zone of a marine ecosystem: coastal; intertidal; and neritic ...
Cercopagis pengoi in Southwestern Lake Michigan
... Although average body size neither increased nor decreased as the population became established, (Table 1c) females were larger in the north (Table 1). Body sized averaged 1.04 ± 0.01 (S.E.) mm in the north, and 0.99 ± 0.01 (S.E.) mm in the south (range 0.69 and 1.25 mm). Tail-spine length was posit ...
... Although average body size neither increased nor decreased as the population became established, (Table 1c) females were larger in the north (Table 1). Body sized averaged 1.04 ± 0.01 (S.E.) mm in the north, and 0.99 ± 0.01 (S.E.) mm in the south (range 0.69 and 1.25 mm). Tail-spine length was posit ...
Complex Systems, Trade-Offs and Mathematical - Philsci
... ecological community of twenty species with a Lotka-Volterra multi-species model. We must determine the intrinsic rates of growth and carrying capacities for each of the twenty species. Likewise, we would have to estimate all of the interaction coefficients which would minimally generate a 20 20 m ...
... ecological community of twenty species with a Lotka-Volterra multi-species model. We must determine the intrinsic rates of growth and carrying capacities for each of the twenty species. Likewise, we would have to estimate all of the interaction coefficients which would minimally generate a 20 20 m ...
Complex Systems, Trade-Offs and Mathematical Modeling: Richard
... ecological community of twenty species with a Lotka-Volterra multi-species model. We must determine the intrinsic rates of growth and carrying capacities for each of the twenty species. Likewise, we would have to estimate all of the interaction coefficients which would minimally generate a 20 20 m ...
... ecological community of twenty species with a Lotka-Volterra multi-species model. We must determine the intrinsic rates of growth and carrying capacities for each of the twenty species. Likewise, we would have to estimate all of the interaction coefficients which would minimally generate a 20 20 m ...
General Equilibrium of an Ecosystem
... populations, and in terms of economic variables such as prices and incomes. i In this paper, quantifying impacts on ecosystems is assumed to be desirable: improved policies will follow from models that incorporate both economies and ecosystems.ii Because models of economies already exist and are wid ...
... populations, and in terms of economic variables such as prices and incomes. i In this paper, quantifying impacts on ecosystems is assumed to be desirable: improved policies will follow from models that incorporate both economies and ecosystems.ii Because models of economies already exist and are wid ...
Peppered Moth Virtual lab worksheet
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. ...
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. ...
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... • New ecology paradigm - multidisciplinary: – New-Ecology paradigm: • Reintegrate analysis of cultural adaptation with general ecological analysis. • Emphasis on populations rather than cultures. • Focus on environmental problems • Ecosystem approach - humans as part of ecosystems. ...
... • New ecology paradigm - multidisciplinary: – New-Ecology paradigm: • Reintegrate analysis of cultural adaptation with general ecological analysis. • Emphasis on populations rather than cultures. • Focus on environmental problems • Ecosystem approach - humans as part of ecosystems. ...
11,12,13 - WordPress.com
... a heart defect. Short stature and pretty unique hands are fine because they don't affect your child's independence and survival, but a heart defect is a huge blow. The majority of children with a common atrium or ASD (atrial septal defect) will be quite happy up until they reach a year or two and th ...
... a heart defect. Short stature and pretty unique hands are fine because they don't affect your child's independence and survival, but a heart defect is a huge blow. The majority of children with a common atrium or ASD (atrial septal defect) will be quite happy up until they reach a year or two and th ...
Give nature a chance - Self
... Today we seem to have almost abandoned the notion of naturalness when selecting and judging the conservation value of sites: what seems to matter most is the level of biodiversity, and whether there are rare species present. In fact, when judging whether a site should be notified as a Site of Specia ...
... Today we seem to have almost abandoned the notion of naturalness when selecting and judging the conservation value of sites: what seems to matter most is the level of biodiversity, and whether there are rare species present. In fact, when judging whether a site should be notified as a Site of Specia ...
Exam Two: Ecology Part 1
... OUTLINE primary and secondary production OUTLINE community OUTLINE ecosystems OUTLINE resource partitioning OUTLINE competitive exclusion OUTLINE coevolution OUTLINE interspecific and intraspecific competition OUTLINE adaptations OUTLINE evolution OUTLINE El Nino OUTLINE red tides OUTLINE the two mo ...
... OUTLINE primary and secondary production OUTLINE community OUTLINE ecosystems OUTLINE resource partitioning OUTLINE competitive exclusion OUTLINE coevolution OUTLINE interspecific and intraspecific competition OUTLINE adaptations OUTLINE evolution OUTLINE El Nino OUTLINE red tides OUTLINE the two mo ...
Origin matters: alien consumers inflict greater damage on prey
... involving native consumers and native prey, we conducted another search following the same methodology but using the keywords native predator, native herbivore or native prey. The total search yielded 1417 published studies, of which 1355 were discarded as they did not provide quantitative descripti ...
... involving native consumers and native prey, we conducted another search following the same methodology but using the keywords native predator, native herbivore or native prey. The total search yielded 1417 published studies, of which 1355 were discarded as they did not provide quantitative descripti ...
Ecological Importance of Large Herbivores in the
... require years of observation and experimentation. Partly for this reason, indirect effects remain poorly understood relative to direct ones. Nevertheless, ecological studies over the past 40 years have shown repeatedly that indirect interactions are powerful determinants of the abundance, distributi ...
... require years of observation and experimentation. Partly for this reason, indirect effects remain poorly understood relative to direct ones. Nevertheless, ecological studies over the past 40 years have shown repeatedly that indirect interactions are powerful determinants of the abundance, distributi ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.