090-093_vanzolini-esp50 - Revista Pesquisa Fapesp
... his Refuge Theory, but not without suggesting some corrections to how his work should be approached: “It’s likely that these patches of rainforest during the dry periods were larger and far less-defined than those on many of the maps that illustrate the location of the refuges in the pluvial tropica ...
... his Refuge Theory, but not without suggesting some corrections to how his work should be approached: “It’s likely that these patches of rainforest during the dry periods were larger and far less-defined than those on many of the maps that illustrate the location of the refuges in the pluvial tropica ...
Species Redundancy and Ecosystem Reliability
... (Walker 1995). Walker introduced the concept for the purposes of assessing conservation priorities (Walker 1992, 1995), arguing that conservation efforts should focus first on species that are singular in their contribution to ecosystem functioning. Objection to the term redundancy arises from the c ...
... (Walker 1995). Walker introduced the concept for the purposes of assessing conservation priorities (Walker 1992, 1995), arguing that conservation efforts should focus first on species that are singular in their contribution to ecosystem functioning. Objection to the term redundancy arises from the c ...
MICROMOL - Roscoff Marine Station
... Most of the biological activity of the World Ocean originates in the microorganisms. Thus, to their taxonomic diversity is associated a remarkable functional diversity that has allowed them to colonize any marine ecological niche, and which gives them key-roles in most biogeochemical cycles of the E ...
... Most of the biological activity of the World Ocean originates in the microorganisms. Thus, to their taxonomic diversity is associated a remarkable functional diversity that has allowed them to colonize any marine ecological niche, and which gives them key-roles in most biogeochemical cycles of the E ...
Food web assembly rules
... RESULTS Theory We describe the interaction of species on L trophic levels by the generalized Lotka-Volterra equations [7, 34]. Basal species are constrained by the system carrying capacity while the consumers are assumed not self-limiting, and trophic interactions occur through the linear type-I fun ...
... RESULTS Theory We describe the interaction of species on L trophic levels by the generalized Lotka-Volterra equations [7, 34]. Basal species are constrained by the system carrying capacity while the consumers are assumed not self-limiting, and trophic interactions occur through the linear type-I fun ...
Niche theory and guilds
... Ecological niches can thus be defined in terms of: -response functions: how species are distributed on environmental gradients with respect to limitation and optimal performance (a physiological view, prevalent among plant ecologists), i.e., a species’ response to the environment (Grinnell, Elton) ...
... Ecological niches can thus be defined in terms of: -response functions: how species are distributed on environmental gradients with respect to limitation and optimal performance (a physiological view, prevalent among plant ecologists), i.e., a species’ response to the environment (Grinnell, Elton) ...
Modelling Marine Ecosystems - MIT Department of Earth
... – e.g. how much carbon is sequestered in the ocean due to the formation of sinking organic particles? ...
... – e.g. how much carbon is sequestered in the ocean due to the formation of sinking organic particles? ...
Aquatic Insects The life cycles of five closely related
... Hilsenhoff, 1978; Kondratieff & Voshell, 1980). There appear to be no strong interspecific differences among the Stenonema and Stenacron, however, there is evidence indicating seasonal and developmental variation in feeding habits (Kondratieff & Voshell, 1980; Lamp & Britt, 1981). A univoltine winte ...
... Hilsenhoff, 1978; Kondratieff & Voshell, 1980). There appear to be no strong interspecific differences among the Stenonema and Stenacron, however, there is evidence indicating seasonal and developmental variation in feeding habits (Kondratieff & Voshell, 1980; Lamp & Britt, 1981). A univoltine winte ...
Communities and Ecosystems
... Scale of relationships Molecules Genes Cells Organisms (individuals) Populations Species Communities Ecosystems Biomes Biosphere ...
... Scale of relationships Molecules Genes Cells Organisms (individuals) Populations Species Communities Ecosystems Biomes Biosphere ...
Diversity Index and Environmental Assessment
... stream, coral reef) under study. This tally is technically called a frequency distribution because it contains the “laundry list” of organisms in addition to their numbers. From this information, several formulae might be used to calculate a single number or value that represents the DIVERSITY INDEX ...
... stream, coral reef) under study. This tally is technically called a frequency distribution because it contains the “laundry list” of organisms in addition to their numbers. From this information, several formulae might be used to calculate a single number or value that represents the DIVERSITY INDEX ...
Recent range contraction of the endangered Pyrenean desman
... • Most Species Distribution Model (SDM) studies consider climate change alone but other components of global change can contribute to species range shifts • In SDM studies applied to freshwater taxa, the hydrology is frequently overlooked due to the lack of data at large spatial scale but fine resol ...
... • Most Species Distribution Model (SDM) studies consider climate change alone but other components of global change can contribute to species range shifts • In SDM studies applied to freshwater taxa, the hydrology is frequently overlooked due to the lack of data at large spatial scale but fine resol ...
What is a food chain?
... 10 C = PRIMARY CONSUMER: An animal at the second level in a food chain which feeds on the producer. Primary consumers are usually herbivores, feeding on plants and fungi. 20 C = SECONDARY CONSUMER: An animal at the third level in a food chain. Secondary consumers can be carnivores or omnivores. 30 ...
... 10 C = PRIMARY CONSUMER: An animal at the second level in a food chain which feeds on the producer. Primary consumers are usually herbivores, feeding on plants and fungi. 20 C = SECONDARY CONSUMER: An animal at the third level in a food chain. Secondary consumers can be carnivores or omnivores. 30 ...
Chapter 18: Interactions of Living Things
... All organisms, from the smallest bacteria to a blue whale, interact with their environment. Ecology is the study of the interactions among organisms and their environment. Ecologists, such as the one in Figure 1, are scientists who study these relationships. Ecologists organize the environmental fac ...
... All organisms, from the smallest bacteria to a blue whale, interact with their environment. Ecology is the study of the interactions among organisms and their environment. Ecologists, such as the one in Figure 1, are scientists who study these relationships. Ecologists organize the environmental fac ...
THE AMPHIBIAN DECLINE LESSON PLAN
... dusters – the amphibians are disappearing at a shoc king rate without explanation. ...
... dusters – the amphibians are disappearing at a shoc king rate without explanation. ...
Criteria Used to Define Significance of Invertebrate Habitat
... which has, or is reasonably expected to have, the presence of an assemblage of invertebrates including at least ten Nationally Notable species or at least ten species listed as Regionally Notable for the English Nature region in question in the Recorder database or elsewhere or a combination of thes ...
... which has, or is reasonably expected to have, the presence of an assemblage of invertebrates including at least ten Nationally Notable species or at least ten species listed as Regionally Notable for the English Nature region in question in the Recorder database or elsewhere or a combination of thes ...
UDC 574:502 Biological diversity: a modern state close and distant
... of biotic elements of ecosystems, biomes and living Earth cover (living matter by Vernadsky VI). The subject of this discipline should be considered as the process of biodiversity formation, its relations with the diversity of habitats of biotic systems, mechanisms maintaining a stable existence of ...
... of biotic elements of ecosystems, biomes and living Earth cover (living matter by Vernadsky VI). The subject of this discipline should be considered as the process of biodiversity formation, its relations with the diversity of habitats of biotic systems, mechanisms maintaining a stable existence of ...
When Will a Large Complex System Be Stable?
... Cohen & Newman 19846) that there is, as n + a , a strictly positive probability that the graph contains no (directed) cycles. It is easy to see that the corresponding matrix B then has Bm= O for a sufficiently large power rn so that r(B) = 0. It follows that the probability of stability does not app ...
... Cohen & Newman 19846) that there is, as n + a , a strictly positive probability that the graph contains no (directed) cycles. It is easy to see that the corresponding matrix B then has Bm= O for a sufficiently large power rn so that r(B) = 0. It follows that the probability of stability does not app ...
Reports
... in spring, grow to adults over the course of the growing season, reproduce, and die. The mesocosm size was chosen to offer a balance between obtaining a detailed understanding of species abundances and function and enabling ecosystem dynamics to run their course. One limitation of the mesocosm size ...
... in spring, grow to adults over the course of the growing season, reproduce, and die. The mesocosm size was chosen to offer a balance between obtaining a detailed understanding of species abundances and function and enabling ecosystem dynamics to run their course. One limitation of the mesocosm size ...
Activity 1.1
... that interact with each other and the abiotic environment. A specific area where a living organism lives is called a ................................................. (C) Population or (D) community A group of individuals in a species is a …………………………………. All organisms in a habitat are described as a ...
... that interact with each other and the abiotic environment. A specific area where a living organism lives is called a ................................................. (C) Population or (D) community A group of individuals in a species is a …………………………………. All organisms in a habitat are described as a ...
Ecological Succession – Notes 2013
... A) A parking lot could eventually become woodland B) It enables disturbed or damaged ecosystems to repair themselves. C) Succession results in a stable community called the climax community. D) The first dominant species will remain throughout all stages of succession. ...
... A) A parking lot could eventually become woodland B) It enables disturbed or damaged ecosystems to repair themselves. C) Succession results in a stable community called the climax community. D) The first dominant species will remain throughout all stages of succession. ...
Ecology review - local.brookings.k12.sd.us
... (like biofuels , solar, and wind), riding a bike, recycling waste, making products more energy efficient are all ways to help the global warming problem TRUE ...
... (like biofuels , solar, and wind), riding a bike, recycling waste, making products more energy efficient are all ways to help the global warming problem TRUE ...
4. Consequences of climate change
... catchment by multiple-use “buffer” and “transition” zones along the outer perimeter of the National Reserve. The integrity of the whole ecosystem has direct benefits for the agricultural use of surrounding areas by protecting them against land degradation and erosion with their severe negative impac ...
... catchment by multiple-use “buffer” and “transition” zones along the outer perimeter of the National Reserve. The integrity of the whole ecosystem has direct benefits for the agricultural use of surrounding areas by protecting them against land degradation and erosion with their severe negative impac ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.