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Ecological Interactions and Succession
Ecological Interactions and Succession

... no longer grow, the population has reached its carrying capacity. Ex: Wolves and Moose Even without predators there is a limit to the number of Moose that can live in an area due to the amount of food and space. ...
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... population. We can recognize sex ratios at four different stages: Primary Secondary ...
Water Resources
Water Resources

... • Young individuals who have not yet reached the age where they can reproduce are called pre-reproductive • Older individuals past the age of having offspring are called ...
Populations - Cloudfront.net
Populations - Cloudfront.net

... Logistic Growth occurs when a population’s growth slows or stops following a period of exponential growth Birth rate decreases and death rate increases ...
AP BIOLOGY SUMMER QUESTIONS
AP BIOLOGY SUMMER QUESTIONS

... 6. Why is an ecosystem’s net primary production lower than its gross primary production? 7. On a global scale, herbivores consume only about 17% of net primary production be terrestrial plants, yet most plant biomass is eventually consumed. Explain. 8. Why is energy lost from a ecosystem at every tr ...
ch 38 Ecology Review Questions
ch 38 Ecology Review Questions

... the remainder is lost through biological processes (mainly cell respiration and is transformed into heat energy that ultimately will dissipate in the great beyond. ...
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... 1. Competition: When a population becomes crowded, organisms compete, or struggle, with one another for food, water, space. Competition can also occur between members of different species. Two species cannot occupy the same niche at the same place and time. Predator-prey 2. Predation: Populations in ...
Behavioral Ecology
Behavioral Ecology

... Type2: squirrels, rodents, lizards, annual plants: constant death rate Type 3: long lived plants, fish, marine invertebretes who produce many offspring and provide little care: high death rates when young, flattens out as death rates decrease for those who survived a certain critical age ...
organization in ecology
organization in ecology

... Name:________________________ ...
Population Ecology_AP Bio
Population Ecology_AP Bio

... b. Grasses, many insects -Usually quickly invade, reproduce many offspring and die -Offspring mature quickly and require very little parental ...
population biology
population biology

... remained fairly stable. Then, as advances in medicine, agriculture, and technology occurred, the human population began growing very rapidly. Today, the world’s human population is greater than 6 billion people, and it continues to grow, but at a slower rate. ...
PPT - FishBase
PPT - FishBase

... (in species with indeterminate growth: fishes, reptiles, invertebrates, ..) ...
Introduction to Ecology Organisms don`t live in a vacuum!
Introduction to Ecology Organisms don`t live in a vacuum!

... –  Population — the set of all members of a single species in one area. –  Community — a set of interacting populations of different species in one area. –  Ecosystem — the sum of communities and their abiotic (non-living) surroundings in one area. –  Biome — a set of similar ecosystems. –  Bios ...
Biological populations and communities
Biological populations and communities

... (Ex: it takes 2 days to go from 8 to 16 individuals, as well as from 1,000 to 2,000 individuals) • r (or rmax) = the number of offspring individuals can produce in a given time if resources are unlimited • the number of times you multiply e by itself Starting population x constant (e) multiplied by ...
Factors Affecting Human Population Size
Factors Affecting Human Population Size

... Reproductive Patterns and Survival Reproductive patterns can be classified into two fundamental reproductive patterns: r-selected and K-selected species. r-Selected species are opportunists and reproduce when conditions are favorable or when disturbance opens a niche for invasion. Most species of t ...
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... a process called transpiration, plants get rid of excess water through pores in the leaves called stomata. This excess water is then released into the atmosphere as part of the water cycle. Which of the following terms best describes how the released water enters the atmosphere? A. B. ...
The Lesson of the Kaibab
The Lesson of the Kaibab

... Today, the Arizona Game Commission carefully manages the Kaibab area with regulations geared to specific local needs. Hunting permits are issued to keep the deer in balance with their range. Predators are protected to help keep herds in balance with food supplies. Tragic winter losses can be checked ...
Objectives
Objectives

... 10. What is meant in ecology by “life history” and relate this to trade-offs. 11. Contrast species that are r-selected to those that are K-selected. Give specific examples. 12. What is Q and how does this relate to density-independent and density-dependent birth and death rates. 13. Describe several ...
Population Size
Population Size

... factors that influence organisms into two groups—nonliving and living or once-living. • Abiotic (ay bi AH tihk) factors are the nonliving parts of the environment. • Living or once-living organisms in the environment are called biotic (bi AH tihk) ...
density-dependent limiting factors
density-dependent limiting factors

... usually grow without limits. Their growth is limited by things such as predation, disease and availability of resources. These factors are grouped together as Density-Dependent and Density-Independent. ...
5.2 Describe species as reproductively distinct groups of organisms
5.2 Describe species as reproductively distinct groups of organisms

... source of energy (a step in a food chain). The term trophic comes from the Greek “trophos” meaning food/to feed. Symbiosis-an ecological interaction in which two or more species live together in a close long-term association. The three types of symbiotic relationships are mutualism, commensalism, an ...
Density-Dependent Limiting Factors
Density-Dependent Limiting Factors

... In some species, stress from overcrowding can cause females to neglect, kill, or even eat their own offspring. Stress from overcrowding can lower birthrates, raise death rates, or both, and can also increase rates of emigration. ...
Ecology is the study of the interaction between organisms and their
Ecology is the study of the interaction between organisms and their

... reaches the carrying capacity K. The maximum density achieved before the decline is primarily a function of the organisms' high reproductive rates. Since these organisms have evolved high intrinsic rates, they are called high-rmax species. (r-strategists) II. Density-dependent-limiting factors (intr ...
ch 8.1 power point
ch 8.1 power point

... • Carrying capacity is the largest population that an environment can support at any given time. ...
Ecology
Ecology

... environment can sustain  K varies depending on the species and the resources available  Influenced by predators, parasites, food sources, and abiotic factors  Emphasizes that resources are finite  At low populations, resources are abundant and the population is able to grow nearly exponentially ...
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Maximum sustainable yield

In population ecology and economics, maximum sustainable yield or MSY is theoretically, the largest yield (or catch) that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period. Fundamental to the notion of sustainable harvest, the concept of MSY aims to maintain the population size at the point of maximum growth rate by harvesting the individuals that would normally be added to the population, allowing the population to continue to be productive indefinitely. Under the assumption of logistic growth, resource limitation does not constrain individuals’ reproductive rates when populations are small, but because there are few individuals, the overall yield is small. At intermediate population densities, also represented by half the carrying capacity, individuals are able to breed to their maximum rate. At this point, called the maximum sustainable yield, there is a surplus of individuals that can be harvested because growth of the population is at its maximum point due to the large number of reproducing individuals. Above this point, density dependent factors increasingly limit breeding until the population reaches carrying capacity. At this point, there are no surplus individuals to be harvested and yield drops to zero. The maximum sustainable yield is usually higher than the optimum sustainable yield and maximum economic yield.MSY is extensively used for fisheries management. Unlike the logistic (Schaefer) model, MSY has been refined in most modern fisheries models and occurs at around 30% of the unexploited population size. This fraction differs among populations depending on the life history of the species and the age-specific selectivity of the fishing method.However, the approach has been widely criticized as ignoring several key factors involved in fisheries management and has led to the devastating collapse of many fisheries. As a simple calculation, it ignores the size and age of the animal being taken, its reproductive status, and it focuses solely on the species in question, ignoring the damage to the ecosystem caused by the designated level of exploitation and the issue of bycatch. Among conservation biologists it is widely regarded as dangerous and misused.
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