Status, management and distribution of large carnivores
... In Austria the bear is mainly subject to the hunting law, but enjoys a year-round closed season. Responsibility for protecting species in accordance with the Habitats Directive lies with the hunting and natural conservation authorities of the provinces. A Coordination board for bear, wolf and lynx m ...
... In Austria the bear is mainly subject to the hunting law, but enjoys a year-round closed season. Responsibility for protecting species in accordance with the Habitats Directive lies with the hunting and natural conservation authorities of the provinces. A Coordination board for bear, wolf and lynx m ...
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... Sage grouse are a large, upland game bird species found over a substantial area of rangeland in western North America, as indicated in Figure 1 (Neel). In Nevada they are found primarily in the northern and eastern parts of the state. They are semi-migratory, such that in parts of their range they m ...
... Sage grouse are a large, upland game bird species found over a substantial area of rangeland in western North America, as indicated in Figure 1 (Neel). In Nevada they are found primarily in the northern and eastern parts of the state. They are semi-migratory, such that in parts of their range they m ...
EVOLUTION OF MOBILITY IN PREDATOR
... for the Rosenzweig-MacArfor the Lotka-Volterra (LV) model and 1+α M S h(1−θx )x thur (RM) model. The population dynamics is then given by (1) with F (x) replaced by F (x; θx , θy ). Notice that, under this dynamics, mobility does not affect either the logistic growth r(x) of the prey or the death ra ...
... for the Rosenzweig-MacArfor the Lotka-Volterra (LV) model and 1+α M S h(1−θx )x thur (RM) model. The population dynamics is then given by (1) with F (x) replaced by F (x; θx , θy ). Notice that, under this dynamics, mobility does not affect either the logistic growth r(x) of the prey or the death ra ...
Stoichiometric Constraints on Resource Use
... 1999). Despite their importance in elemental cycling, decomposers have long been studied as a black box about which little was known regarding its internal structure and dynamics (Tiedje et al. 1999). The explanation for this state of affairs lies at least partly in the technical difficulties of sep ...
... 1999). Despite their importance in elemental cycling, decomposers have long been studied as a black box about which little was known regarding its internal structure and dynamics (Tiedje et al. 1999). The explanation for this state of affairs lies at least partly in the technical difficulties of sep ...
EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF PREDATION FOR
... The threshold predation level is proportional to the growth rate of the prey population outside predation and inversely proportional to the attack rate. The threshold predation level is such that for P > P ∗ , the prey reproduction number R < 1 and the prey population dies out. 2.2. Equilibria. If t ...
... The threshold predation level is proportional to the growth rate of the prey population outside predation and inversely proportional to the attack rate. The threshold predation level is such that for P > P ∗ , the prey reproduction number R < 1 and the prey population dies out. 2.2. Equilibria. If t ...
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... 1999). Despite their importance in elemental cycling, decomposers have long been studied as a black box about which little was known regarding its internal structure and dynamics (Tiedje et al. 1999). The explanation for this state of affairs lies at least partly in the technical difficulties of sep ...
... 1999). Despite their importance in elemental cycling, decomposers have long been studied as a black box about which little was known regarding its internal structure and dynamics (Tiedje et al. 1999). The explanation for this state of affairs lies at least partly in the technical difficulties of sep ...
Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus)
... The Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus) is the only lizard native to the province of Ontario. Juveniles and some adults can be readily identified by five cream-coloured stripes that extend down the length of their green-black bodies. This species becomes more uniformly bronze with age, though ha ...
... The Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus) is the only lizard native to the province of Ontario. Juveniles and some adults can be readily identified by five cream-coloured stripes that extend down the length of their green-black bodies. This species becomes more uniformly bronze with age, though ha ...
Day 2 Session 1 Parameter estimation – Recruitment
... survival rate (e.g. 1 in a million versus 2 in a million) can have a very large impact on subsequent recruitment. 7. One of the key considerations in any stock assessment is the stock recruitment relationship – how is the total recruitment level related to the size of the spawning component of the s ...
... survival rate (e.g. 1 in a million versus 2 in a million) can have a very large impact on subsequent recruitment. 7. One of the key considerations in any stock assessment is the stock recruitment relationship – how is the total recruitment level related to the size of the spawning component of the s ...
toward a metabolic theory of ecology
... Body size Since early in the 20th century, it has been known that almost all characteristics of organisms vary predictably with body size. Huxley (1932) is credited with pointing out that most size-related variation can be described by so-called allometric equations, which are power functions of the ...
... Body size Since early in the 20th century, it has been known that almost all characteristics of organisms vary predictably with body size. Huxley (1932) is credited with pointing out that most size-related variation can be described by so-called allometric equations, which are power functions of the ...
The evolution of growth trajectories: what limits growth
... First, environmental manipulations can be used to produce treatment groups with different rates of growth. Second, common garden experiments can be used to compare fitness correlates among populations with different intrinsic growth rates. Data from these studies reveal a number of potential costs f ...
... First, environmental manipulations can be used to produce treatment groups with different rates of growth. Second, common garden experiments can be used to compare fitness correlates among populations with different intrinsic growth rates. Data from these studies reveal a number of potential costs f ...
How fast do migratory songbirds have to adapt to keep pace with
... assessed over all females in all patches of the landscape, and is thus sensitive to the degree to which the landscape has been fragmented (fragmentation creates many small patches with greater edge, which lowers nest success within those patches, resulting in a lower overall bx for the landscape; Wi ...
... assessed over all females in all patches of the landscape, and is thus sensitive to the degree to which the landscape has been fragmented (fragmentation creates many small patches with greater edge, which lowers nest success within those patches, resulting in a lower overall bx for the landscape; Wi ...
Effectivity of Dutch Goose management during the - cr
... male from a much younger cohort which are mostly inexperienced resulting in loss of the nest site and higher chick mortality (Black, 2001; Rockwell & Cooch, 1993). In colonial animals the individuals with the best physical condition and best advantages through kin selection probable have the best te ...
... male from a much younger cohort which are mostly inexperienced resulting in loss of the nest site and higher chick mortality (Black, 2001; Rockwell & Cooch, 1993). In colonial animals the individuals with the best physical condition and best advantages through kin selection probable have the best te ...
R_M_annual_report_20.. - Lewa Wildlife Conservancy
... Figure 1.4: A hypothetical production curve of rhinos showing density dependent declines in performance beyond 75% of ECC with zero growth rates at ECC level........................................ 4 Figure 1.5: The relationship between the current population, predicted ecological carrying capacity ...
... Figure 1.4: A hypothetical production curve of rhinos showing density dependent declines in performance beyond 75% of ECC with zero growth rates at ECC level........................................ 4 Figure 1.5: The relationship between the current population, predicted ecological carrying capacity ...
Fitness - IIASA PURE
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
patterns of natural selection on size at metamorphosis in water frogs
... as hybridogenesis (Schultz 1969; Berger 1988; Graf and Polls Pelaz 1989). Som et al. (2000) present a recent description of the water frog system present in Switzerland. Around Zürich, the area of our study, mixed populations of Rana lessonae and R. esculenta occur, with species composition varying ...
... as hybridogenesis (Schultz 1969; Berger 1988; Graf and Polls Pelaz 1989). Som et al. (2000) present a recent description of the water frog system present in Switzerland. Around Zürich, the area of our study, mixed populations of Rana lessonae and R. esculenta occur, with species composition varying ...
Reid`s Paradox Revisited: The Evolution of Dispersal Kernels during
... that the rate of range advance can increase or decrease over time and that the most important factor determining the dynamics of range advance is the shape of the dispersal kernel (as opposed to the population’s growth dynamics; Clark 1998). The dispersal kernel is ascendant because the shape of the ...
... that the rate of range advance can increase or decrease over time and that the most important factor determining the dynamics of range advance is the shape of the dispersal kernel (as opposed to the population’s growth dynamics; Clark 1998). The dispersal kernel is ascendant because the shape of the ...
Effects of vole fluctuations on the population dynamics of the barn
... extinction, reductions in habitat quality and size are the main factors that endanger populations (Diamond 1989). These reductions are most apparent in small populations due to demographic stochasticity (Shaffer 1981; Lande 1993). Model studies have revealed that the impact of demographic stochastic ...
... extinction, reductions in habitat quality and size are the main factors that endanger populations (Diamond 1989). These reductions are most apparent in small populations due to demographic stochasticity (Shaffer 1981; Lande 1993). Model studies have revealed that the impact of demographic stochastic ...
Stochastic models reveal conditions for cyclic dominance in sockeye
... a fixed point), and the dominant mode of the local system leads to nonlinear cyclic behavior. For example, overcompensatory (i.e., declining at high density) density-dependent recruitment can cause cycles of period 2T in age-structured deterministic models, as is observed in populations of Dungeness ...
... a fixed point), and the dominant mode of the local system leads to nonlinear cyclic behavior. For example, overcompensatory (i.e., declining at high density) density-dependent recruitment can cause cycles of period 2T in age-structured deterministic models, as is observed in populations of Dungeness ...
VI) Population and Community Stability
... A community which, when perturbed, returns to pre-perturbation (or a control) state (composition and relative abundance of spp.) ...
... A community which, when perturbed, returns to pre-perturbation (or a control) state (composition and relative abundance of spp.) ...
Steady state solutions of an ecosystem mod
... by micronutrients may be necessary to account for growth rates that seem low by a factor of two (Cullen et al. 1992) as well as to account for the absence of large algal species, which are thought to be more sensitive to low micronutrient levels than species smaller are (Hudson and Morel 1990; Morel ...
... by micronutrients may be necessary to account for growth rates that seem low by a factor of two (Cullen et al. 1992) as well as to account for the absence of large algal species, which are thought to be more sensitive to low micronutrient levels than species smaller are (Hudson and Morel 1990; Morel ...
The complexity of amphibian population declines
... colonizations that are difficult to document and predict.9,10 Amphibian populations are often described as having “crashed” or undergone “sudden declines,” “rapid declines,” or “significant declines,” frequently without precisely defining the criteria used to describe the declines.11–13 Stuart et al ...
... colonizations that are difficult to document and predict.9,10 Amphibian populations are often described as having “crashed” or undergone “sudden declines,” “rapid declines,” or “significant declines,” frequently without precisely defining the criteria used to describe the declines.11–13 Stuart et al ...
The Decimation of Endemic Hawaiian Tree
... analyses, were converted to annual survi- shells is impossible; we can estimate only vorships for each year class. the age at which snails become mature. Size at birth was estimated as the average Using this estimate as a basis for age at first length of all snails less than 5.00 mm long sighting, t ...
... analyses, were converted to annual survi- shells is impossible; we can estimate only vorships for each year class. the age at which snails become mature. Size at birth was estimated as the average Using this estimate as a basis for age at first length of all snails less than 5.00 mm long sighting, t ...
Modeling and analysis of a two prey
... occurs in predators which increase their search activity with increasing prey density. For example, many predators respond to kairomones (chemicals emitted by prey) and increase their activity. Polyphagous vertebrate predators (e.g., birds) can switch to the most abundant prey species by learning to ...
... occurs in predators which increase their search activity with increasing prey density. For example, many predators respond to kairomones (chemicals emitted by prey) and increase their activity. Polyphagous vertebrate predators (e.g., birds) can switch to the most abundant prey species by learning to ...
10th Mountain Lion Workshop
... densities and a generally smaller (but present and growing) advocacy for lions and lion hunting. These circumstances describe parts or all of Regions 5, 6 and 7. Between these two ends lie Regions 3 and 4 where the variables of landownership, habitat, prey, and public advocacy mix and transition fro ...
... densities and a generally smaller (but present and growing) advocacy for lions and lion hunting. These circumstances describe parts or all of Regions 5, 6 and 7. Between these two ends lie Regions 3 and 4 where the variables of landownership, habitat, prey, and public advocacy mix and transition fro ...
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... hard clams in GSB determined that a sustained harvest rate greater than approximately 25 percent of the historical standing stock (a harvest level exceeded in the 1980s), either as proportional fishing or selective fishing for littleneck clams, would rapidly drive these populations to extinction. Th ...
... hard clams in GSB determined that a sustained harvest rate greater than approximately 25 percent of the historical standing stock (a harvest level exceeded in the 1980s), either as proportional fishing or selective fishing for littleneck clams, would rapidly drive these populations to extinction. Th ...