CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACTANTS AND EMULGENTS
... type of emulsion produced. Emulgents may be classified according to their hydrophile-lipophile balance or HLB and assigned a HLB value which indicates the emulgent’s polarity. The HLB scale was originally designed to classify the non-ionic emulsifying agents, the Spans and Tweens. The HLB number is ...
... type of emulsion produced. Emulgents may be classified according to their hydrophile-lipophile balance or HLB and assigned a HLB value which indicates the emulgent’s polarity. The HLB scale was originally designed to classify the non-ionic emulsifying agents, the Spans and Tweens. The HLB number is ...
Teaching with CAChe - Photochemical Dynamics Group
... One of the important achievements in chemistry is our ability to predict the bulk properties of a compound based on what we know of the microscopic structure of molecules and ions. Molecular geometry provides much of the information upon which these predictions are made. ...
... One of the important achievements in chemistry is our ability to predict the bulk properties of a compound based on what we know of the microscopic structure of molecules and ions. Molecular geometry provides much of the information upon which these predictions are made. ...
Topic 1 Quantitative Chemistry File
... carbon, 0.00685 g of hydrogen and 0.0725 g oxygen by finding its empirical formula. ...
... carbon, 0.00685 g of hydrogen and 0.0725 g oxygen by finding its empirical formula. ...
![[7] Semisynthesis of Proteins Containing Selenocysteine](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/004768810_1-d08ecd7536246bbf8b4baa16bb630c93-300x300.png)
[7] Semisynthesis of Proteins Containing Selenocysteine
... A semisynthetic approach for incorporating selenocysteine residues into proteins has become evident to us. Our approach makes use of "native chemical ligation."s,9 Native chemical ligation allows for two peptide chains to be joined chemoselectively through the use of a C-terminal thioester on one pe ...
... A semisynthetic approach for incorporating selenocysteine residues into proteins has become evident to us. Our approach makes use of "native chemical ligation."s,9 Native chemical ligation allows for two peptide chains to be joined chemoselectively through the use of a C-terminal thioester on one pe ...
URIC ACID
... Nucleotide degradation involves the formation of the respective nucleosides (inosine, adenosine and guanosine) (NUCLEOSIDES: purine base + sugar), these are subsequently metabolised to the respective purine bases (hypoxanthine, adenine and guanine) (PURINE BASES). Hypoxanthine and guanine can be met ...
... Nucleotide degradation involves the formation of the respective nucleosides (inosine, adenosine and guanosine) (NUCLEOSIDES: purine base + sugar), these are subsequently metabolised to the respective purine bases (hypoxanthine, adenine and guanine) (PURINE BASES). Hypoxanthine and guanine can be met ...
Influence of fermentable carbohydrates or protein on large intestinal
... diets containing high fCP. Dietary inclusion of fCHO reduced for the abundance of some clostridia, amines, and NH3 in the colon associated with high fCP but did not affect the mucosal response (Pieper et al., 2012). Analysis of metabolomic profiles from colon contents and urine revealed a distinct c ...
... diets containing high fCP. Dietary inclusion of fCHO reduced for the abundance of some clostridia, amines, and NH3 in the colon associated with high fCP but did not affect the mucosal response (Pieper et al., 2012). Analysis of metabolomic profiles from colon contents and urine revealed a distinct c ...
Types and effects of protein variations. Vihinen
... Variations manifest their effects at different ways. Of the identified disease-causing cases large proportion appears in protein coding DNA and RNA sequences, although the proteincoding regions constitute only about 1.3 % of human genome. Due to the large number of different functions in which prote ...
... Variations manifest their effects at different ways. Of the identified disease-causing cases large proportion appears in protein coding DNA and RNA sequences, although the proteincoding regions constitute only about 1.3 % of human genome. Due to the large number of different functions in which prote ...
Modeling RNA Molecules
... who said, “The purpose of computing is insight, not numbers” (Hamming 1971), we should remember that the purpose of molecular modeling is functional insight, not detailed atomic models per se. Therefore, as we seek to improve our abilities to construct 3D models for molecules for which we do not yet ...
... who said, “The purpose of computing is insight, not numbers” (Hamming 1971), we should remember that the purpose of molecular modeling is functional insight, not detailed atomic models per se. Therefore, as we seek to improve our abilities to construct 3D models for molecules for which we do not yet ...
The 20 amino acids
... is donor for hydrogen bonds, it is very hydrophobic. It doesn’t care about helices or turns, but it loves strands. Size matters. Its size determines that Trp is the most conserved of all residues. ...
... is donor for hydrogen bonds, it is very hydrophobic. It doesn’t care about helices or turns, but it loves strands. Size matters. Its size determines that Trp is the most conserved of all residues. ...
Slide 1
... is being made during a rxn you might need 3.33 mols of A reacting with 2.68 mols of B. How many atoms of A are reacting with how many atoms of B? • If you burn sugar (C12H22O11) in pure oxygen you produce carbon dioxide and water as products. To burn 6.02x1023 molecules of sugar you also need 7.22x1 ...
... is being made during a rxn you might need 3.33 mols of A reacting with 2.68 mols of B. How many atoms of A are reacting with how many atoms of B? • If you burn sugar (C12H22O11) in pure oxygen you produce carbon dioxide and water as products. To burn 6.02x1023 molecules of sugar you also need 7.22x1 ...
feeding for milk composition
... mean rumen pH and milk fat content (r2 = 0.39) for 90 observations from 23 studies reported in the literature. Regardless of what the relationship between rumen pH and milk fat content might be, diets that favor a more acid rumen environment due to replacement of forage with grain favor a decrease i ...
... mean rumen pH and milk fat content (r2 = 0.39) for 90 observations from 23 studies reported in the literature. Regardless of what the relationship between rumen pH and milk fat content might be, diets that favor a more acid rumen environment due to replacement of forage with grain favor a decrease i ...
IBB 40(5) 354-357
... Histopathological studies show that CCl4intoxicated rats cause fatty infiltration and necrosis in liver (Fig. 2B), similar to as reported earlier26. On the other hand, no fatty infiltration or necrosis was observed and the structure, shape and size of liver was almost normal, after the treatment wit ...
... Histopathological studies show that CCl4intoxicated rats cause fatty infiltration and necrosis in liver (Fig. 2B), similar to as reported earlier26. On the other hand, no fatty infiltration or necrosis was observed and the structure, shape and size of liver was almost normal, after the treatment wit ...
Protein Detection Methods in Proteomics Research
... different samples (Ünlü et al., 1997). The method, called ‘‘difference gel electrophoresis’’ (DIGE), allows multiplexing of samples and the use of an internal standard, which is created by using one of the labels for a pooled mixture of all samples. This method leads to highly accurate qualitative ...
... different samples (Ünlü et al., 1997). The method, called ‘‘difference gel electrophoresis’’ (DIGE), allows multiplexing of samples and the use of an internal standard, which is created by using one of the labels for a pooled mixture of all samples. This method leads to highly accurate qualitative ...
Net ionic equation
... because the water molecules have a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom (-) and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms (+), where “” indicates a small positive or negative charge. The reason these partial charges exist will be discussed later in the semester. Because cations and ani ...
... because the water molecules have a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom (-) and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms (+), where “” indicates a small positive or negative charge. The reason these partial charges exist will be discussed later in the semester. Because cations and ani ...
Organic Chemistry II
... cyclohexene, which has a characteristic odor, you are losing product and your percent yield will be lower. Heat the mixture and note the temperature as the distillation proceeds. You may need to wrap the fractionating column in aluminum foil so that the hot vapors do not become too cool to distill o ...
... cyclohexene, which has a characteristic odor, you are losing product and your percent yield will be lower. Heat the mixture and note the temperature as the distillation proceeds. You may need to wrap the fractionating column in aluminum foil so that the hot vapors do not become too cool to distill o ...
Conversion of trypsin to a functional threonine protease
... trypsin inhibitor (PDB ID 1BRB), the distance between the hydroxyl oxygen of Ser 195 and Ne2 of His 57 is reduced to 2.7 Å (Perona et al. 1993b). Similar distances (<3 Å) between these two atoms are observed in cocrystal structures of trypsin and other macromolecular inhibitors. Therefore, one may ...
... trypsin inhibitor (PDB ID 1BRB), the distance between the hydroxyl oxygen of Ser 195 and Ne2 of His 57 is reduced to 2.7 Å (Perona et al. 1993b). Similar distances (<3 Å) between these two atoms are observed in cocrystal structures of trypsin and other macromolecular inhibitors. Therefore, one may ...
Document
... Arranged with their hydrophobic groups on the inside and their hydrophilic groups on the outside. Micelle includes end products of lipid digestion, bile salts and fat-soluble vitamins Note: Short- and medium-chain fatty acids do not require mixed micelle for absorption by intestinal cells ...
... Arranged with their hydrophobic groups on the inside and their hydrophilic groups on the outside. Micelle includes end products of lipid digestion, bile salts and fat-soluble vitamins Note: Short- and medium-chain fatty acids do not require mixed micelle for absorption by intestinal cells ...
Purification and Partial Characterization of a Latent Serine Protease
... 1983; Park et al., 1988; Hwang et al., 1987, 1988). LSP has a relatively small molecular mass (i.e., 34-kDa), while the sizes of the previously isolated serine proteases are in range of 100-500 kDa. Its activity is latent (see below), unlike the others. It is the most sensitive enzyme to inhibition ...
... 1983; Park et al., 1988; Hwang et al., 1987, 1988). LSP has a relatively small molecular mass (i.e., 34-kDa), while the sizes of the previously isolated serine proteases are in range of 100-500 kDa. Its activity is latent (see below), unlike the others. It is the most sensitive enzyme to inhibition ...
Induction of y-Gultamyl Transpeptidase by a Thyroid Hormone in
... It has been known that steroid and thyroid hormones and retinoic acids coordinate complex events involved in development, differentiation, and physiological response to diverse stimuli. Furthermore, recent studies of steroid receptors have led to the identification of a superfamily of ligand-inducib ...
... It has been known that steroid and thyroid hormones and retinoic acids coordinate complex events involved in development, differentiation, and physiological response to diverse stimuli. Furthermore, recent studies of steroid receptors have led to the identification of a superfamily of ligand-inducib ...
Mechanism and Biological Explanation
... have often been criticized as inadequate to explain biological phenomena. This perceived shortcoming was a major source of vitalist opposition to mechanistic biology throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Although the vitalists’ rejection of mechanism, per se, was unjustified, their obj ...
... have often been criticized as inadequate to explain biological phenomena. This perceived shortcoming was a major source of vitalist opposition to mechanistic biology throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Although the vitalists’ rejection of mechanism, per se, was unjustified, their obj ...
PPT
... frameshift site between ORF1 (93 AAs) and ORF 2 (92 AAs) in S. cerevisiae and also many other yeast species. The frameshift site has the slippery sequence 5´-CUU AGU U-3´. AGU is encoded by a low abundance tRNA (sometimes referred to as a “hungry codon”), which frequently induces a ribosomal pau ...
... frameshift site between ORF1 (93 AAs) and ORF 2 (92 AAs) in S. cerevisiae and also many other yeast species. The frameshift site has the slippery sequence 5´-CUU AGU U-3´. AGU is encoded by a low abundance tRNA (sometimes referred to as a “hungry codon”), which frequently induces a ribosomal pau ...
Ammonia, urea production and pH regulation
... Short-term regulation of urea synthesis occurs at the levels of substrate provision and enzyme activities, whereas long-term control is transcriptionally effected by changes in enzyme concentrations. Substrate provision for the urea cycle depends on amino acid delivery, the activity of amino acid tr ...
... Short-term regulation of urea synthesis occurs at the levels of substrate provision and enzyme activities, whereas long-term control is transcriptionally effected by changes in enzyme concentrations. Substrate provision for the urea cycle depends on amino acid delivery, the activity of amino acid tr ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.