Lateral gene transfer and the evolution of plastid
... was obtained by bootstrapping 100 datasets. Due to the computational intensity of ML analyses, a uniform-rates model was used for bootstrapping ML trees, with the global rearrangements option and one randomized sequence input order. Support for ML-distance trees was obtained by bootstrapping (500 re ...
... was obtained by bootstrapping 100 datasets. Due to the computational intensity of ML analyses, a uniform-rates model was used for bootstrapping ML trees, with the global rearrangements option and one randomized sequence input order. Support for ML-distance trees was obtained by bootstrapping (500 re ...
b156 - IPB Repository - Bogor Agricultural University
... Analyses of dry matters, total peptides, NaCl concentration, total sugars, total acids, pH and free l-glutamic acid concentration were performed for the three F-500 fractions and their resulting gel filtration fractions in duplicate. Dry matters of samples were analyzed by a gravimetric method and u ...
... Analyses of dry matters, total peptides, NaCl concentration, total sugars, total acids, pH and free l-glutamic acid concentration were performed for the three F-500 fractions and their resulting gel filtration fractions in duplicate. Dry matters of samples were analyzed by a gravimetric method and u ...
Properties of Enantiomers
... Optical rotation a is measured in degrees. A clockwise rotation is called dextrorotatory or (+), while a counterclockwise rotation is levorotatory or (-). The optical rotation a is not very useful for direct comparative purposes since it depends on the path length the light traverses, the concentrat ...
... Optical rotation a is measured in degrees. A clockwise rotation is called dextrorotatory or (+), while a counterclockwise rotation is levorotatory or (-). The optical rotation a is not very useful for direct comparative purposes since it depends on the path length the light traverses, the concentrat ...
C-terminal Truncation of p21H Preserves Crucial Kinetic and
... are involved in the development of these tumors. The corresponding mutated proteins have an amino acid substitution either at position 12/13 or 59/61 (for reviews see Refs. 1-3). The p21 protein products of the Ha-, K-, and N-ras genes have identical amino acid sequences for the first 80 amino acids ...
... are involved in the development of these tumors. The corresponding mutated proteins have an amino acid substitution either at position 12/13 or 59/61 (for reviews see Refs. 1-3). The p21 protein products of the Ha-, K-, and N-ras genes have identical amino acid sequences for the first 80 amino acids ...
Journal of Biological Chemistry
... upon amino acid incorporation into protein of the liver ribosome system (Table II) just as effectively as it does the decrease in hepatic ATP concentration induced by the same analogue (3). These results tend to implicate cellular BTP deficiency as being important in the inhibition of protein synthe ...
... upon amino acid incorporation into protein of the liver ribosome system (Table II) just as effectively as it does the decrease in hepatic ATP concentration induced by the same analogue (3). These results tend to implicate cellular BTP deficiency as being important in the inhibition of protein synthe ...
Azot Metabolizması - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... • If NRII is complexed with PIIA it acts as a phosphatase, not a kinase ...
... • If NRII is complexed with PIIA it acts as a phosphatase, not a kinase ...
Gas Laws
... 17. What is the ratio of the speed of carbon monoxide molecules to that of nitrogen monoxide molecules when both gases are at the same temperature? 18. The rate of effusion of an unknown gas was determined to be 2.92 times faster than that of ammonia. What is the approximate molecular weight of the ...
... 17. What is the ratio of the speed of carbon monoxide molecules to that of nitrogen monoxide molecules when both gases are at the same temperature? 18. The rate of effusion of an unknown gas was determined to be 2.92 times faster than that of ammonia. What is the approximate molecular weight of the ...
Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex
... of the human proteins are known. The organization of the proteins into a large, ordered multienzyme complex (a “metabolon”) has been well studied in prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. KGDHC catalyzes a critical step in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is also a step in the metabolism of th ...
... of the human proteins are known. The organization of the proteins into a large, ordered multienzyme complex (a “metabolon”) has been well studied in prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. KGDHC catalyzes a critical step in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is also a step in the metabolism of th ...
The Arabidopsis ABHD11 Mutant Accumulates
... Alpha/beta hydrolase domain (ABHD)-containing proteins are structurally related with diverse catalytic activities. In various species, some ABHD proteins have been characterized and shown to play roles in lipid homeostasis. However, little is known about ABHD proteins in plants. Here, we characteriz ...
... Alpha/beta hydrolase domain (ABHD)-containing proteins are structurally related with diverse catalytic activities. In various species, some ABHD proteins have been characterized and shown to play roles in lipid homeostasis. However, little is known about ABHD proteins in plants. Here, we characteriz ...
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase: Closure of the B
... ABSTRACT: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) catalyzes the production of carbamoyl phosphate which is subsequently employed in the metabolic pathways responsible for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides or arginine. The catalytic mechanism of the enzyme occurs through three highly reactive inte ...
... ABSTRACT: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) catalyzes the production of carbamoyl phosphate which is subsequently employed in the metabolic pathways responsible for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides or arginine. The catalytic mechanism of the enzyme occurs through three highly reactive inte ...
The “Wow! signal” of the terrestrial genetic code (PDF
... symbol of zero, the privileged decimal syntax and semantical symmetries. Besides, extraction of the signal involves logically straightforward but abstract operations, making the patterns essentially irreducible to any natural origin. Plausible way of embedding the signal into the code and possible i ...
... symbol of zero, the privileged decimal syntax and semantical symmetries. Besides, extraction of the signal involves logically straightforward but abstract operations, making the patterns essentially irreducible to any natural origin. Plausible way of embedding the signal into the code and possible i ...
GmPep914, an Eight-Amino Acid Peptide Isolated
... 2006). The peptide was termed inceptin and is an example of an indirect signal generated by the insect that initiates specific plant defense responses. Systemin, HypSys, AtPeps, and inceptins are the only peptides generated from plant proteins known to induce defense responses. What has become appar ...
... 2006). The peptide was termed inceptin and is an example of an indirect signal generated by the insect that initiates specific plant defense responses. Systemin, HypSys, AtPeps, and inceptins are the only peptides generated from plant proteins known to induce defense responses. What has become appar ...
She2p Is a Novel RNA Binding Protein
... central domain of fumarase/aspartase homologous superfamily members (CATH-ID, 1.20.200.10), including fumarase C (PDB ID, 1fur-A; Z score, 8.6; rmsd ⫽ 4.2 Å for 169 ␣ carbon pairs), adenylosuccinate lyase (PDB ID, 1c3c-A; Z score, 7.7; rmsd ⫽ 3.9 Å for 170 ␣ carbon pairs), the eye lens protein ␦-2 ...
... central domain of fumarase/aspartase homologous superfamily members (CATH-ID, 1.20.200.10), including fumarase C (PDB ID, 1fur-A; Z score, 8.6; rmsd ⫽ 4.2 Å for 169 ␣ carbon pairs), adenylosuccinate lyase (PDB ID, 1c3c-A; Z score, 7.7; rmsd ⫽ 3.9 Å for 170 ␣ carbon pairs), the eye lens protein ␦-2 ...
Chapter 10 - Clayton State University
... • With each round of the TCA cycle, two carbon atoms enter in organic form as acetate and leave in inorganic form as carbon dioxide • In the first reaction, TCA-1, the two-carbon acetate group is transferred from acetyl CoA to oxaloacetate (4C) to form citrate (6C) • This reaction is catalyzed by ci ...
... • With each round of the TCA cycle, two carbon atoms enter in organic form as acetate and leave in inorganic form as carbon dioxide • In the first reaction, TCA-1, the two-carbon acetate group is transferred from acetyl CoA to oxaloacetate (4C) to form citrate (6C) • This reaction is catalyzed by ci ...
Prokaryotic orthologues of mitochondrial alternative oxidase and plastid terminal oxidase
... of the membrane-bound diiron carboxylate group of proteins. AOX is a ubiquinol oxidase present in all higher plants, as well as some algae, fungi, and protists. It may serve to dampen reactive oxygen species generation by the respiratory electron transport chain. PTOX is a plastoquinol oxidase in pl ...
... of the membrane-bound diiron carboxylate group of proteins. AOX is a ubiquinol oxidase present in all higher plants, as well as some algae, fungi, and protists. It may serve to dampen reactive oxygen species generation by the respiratory electron transport chain. PTOX is a plastoquinol oxidase in pl ...
Article Antibody-Specific Model of Amino Acid
... pathogens. Very elegant and specific mutational mechanisms allow B lymphocytes to produce a large and diversified repertoire of antibodies, which is modified and enhanced throughout all adulthood. One of these mechanisms is somatic hypermutation, which stochastically mutates nucleotides in the antib ...
... pathogens. Very elegant and specific mutational mechanisms allow B lymphocytes to produce a large and diversified repertoire of antibodies, which is modified and enhanced throughout all adulthood. One of these mechanisms is somatic hypermutation, which stochastically mutates nucleotides in the antib ...
Chapter 10
... – DNA functions as the inherited directions for a cell or organism. – An organism’s genotype is its genetic makeup, the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA. – The phenotype is the organism’s physical traits, which arise from the actions of a wide variety of proteins. – DNA specifies the synthesis of ...
... – DNA functions as the inherited directions for a cell or organism. – An organism’s genotype is its genetic makeup, the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA. – The phenotype is the organism’s physical traits, which arise from the actions of a wide variety of proteins. – DNA specifies the synthesis of ...
Clostridium hiranonis sp. nov., a human intestinal bacterium with
... The Clostridium-like organisms TO-931T and HD-17, isolated from human faeces, have high levels of bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating activity. Sequencing of their 16S rDNA demonstrated that they belong to cluster XI of the genus Clostridium and that they represent a new and distinct line of descent. Clost ...
... The Clostridium-like organisms TO-931T and HD-17, isolated from human faeces, have high levels of bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating activity. Sequencing of their 16S rDNA demonstrated that they belong to cluster XI of the genus Clostridium and that they represent a new and distinct line of descent. Clost ...
Sulfite Oxidase Activity Is Essential for Normal Sulfur, Nitrogen and
... nitrogen and carbon metabolisms [3]. Catabolic processes induced by nutrient deprivation and senescence result in plant metabolism rebalancing [2,4]. These processes include a decrease in cellular carbohydrate levels and respiration rate, breakdown of proteins, membrane lipids, nucleic acids, polysa ...
... nitrogen and carbon metabolisms [3]. Catabolic processes induced by nutrient deprivation and senescence result in plant metabolism rebalancing [2,4]. These processes include a decrease in cellular carbohydrate levels and respiration rate, breakdown of proteins, membrane lipids, nucleic acids, polysa ...
Essentiality of Histidine in Ruminant and Other Animals Including
... (steers), it was similarly demonstrated that the first, second and third limiting amino acids of rumen microbial proteins for these animals were methionine, lysine and threonine, respectively, based on their experimental results obtained after feeding the animals with pure diets containing urea as a ...
... (steers), it was similarly demonstrated that the first, second and third limiting amino acids of rumen microbial proteins for these animals were methionine, lysine and threonine, respectively, based on their experimental results obtained after feeding the animals with pure diets containing urea as a ...
Water Soluble Vitamin
... Pantothenic acid (vitamin B₅₅) function • Sources as B₁ • Function: is also important in energy metabolism. Pantothenic acid is recognized as a substance that stimulates growth. Pantothenic acid is involved in more than 100 different steps in the synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones and Hb. ...
... Pantothenic acid (vitamin B₅₅) function • Sources as B₁ • Function: is also important in energy metabolism. Pantothenic acid is recognized as a substance that stimulates growth. Pantothenic acid is involved in more than 100 different steps in the synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones and Hb. ...
JBurke_SREI
... material because it is necessary to meet the requirements of 35 U.S.C. 112, 1st and 2nd paragraphs. 37 CFR 1.57(c). Upon review, the examiner noticed that the specification did not include the amino acid sequence for Protein ABC. However, the specification included the following statement: “The amin ...
... material because it is necessary to meet the requirements of 35 U.S.C. 112, 1st and 2nd paragraphs. 37 CFR 1.57(c). Upon review, the examiner noticed that the specification did not include the amino acid sequence for Protein ABC. However, the specification included the following statement: “The amin ...
Increasing Muscle Growth
... between whey, soy, and casein on the average ingesting of proteins. Before a recommendation individuals protein synthesis. They came up with can be made strategies around these variables the conclusion stating, “We reported that the must be found first. consumption of whey protein stimulates skeleta ...
... between whey, soy, and casein on the average ingesting of proteins. Before a recommendation individuals protein synthesis. They came up with can be made strategies around these variables the conclusion stating, “We reported that the must be found first. consumption of whey protein stimulates skeleta ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.