OCR answers to the examination questions File
... (b) (i) Add Tollens’ reagent. Heat reaction in a water bath. But-2-enal gives a silver precipitate or silver mirror. (ii) Aldehydes can be oxidised but ketones cannot. (c) (i) CH3CH=CHCH2OH (ii) Redox reaction/reduction or addition. (d) C4H6O + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 3H2O 7 (a) (i) ...
... (b) (i) Add Tollens’ reagent. Heat reaction in a water bath. But-2-enal gives a silver precipitate or silver mirror. (ii) Aldehydes can be oxidised but ketones cannot. (c) (i) CH3CH=CHCH2OH (ii) Redox reaction/reduction or addition. (d) C4H6O + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 3H2O 7 (a) (i) ...
Small
... • Glucose Use during Physical Activity Glucose Depletion • “Hitting the wall” – exhaustion of glucose stores • Maximizing Glucose Supply – High-carbohydrate diet – 8 g/kg body weight or 70% of total energy intake – Glucose during activities if activity last longer than 45 minutes (sports drinks, d ...
... • Glucose Use during Physical Activity Glucose Depletion • “Hitting the wall” – exhaustion of glucose stores • Maximizing Glucose Supply – High-carbohydrate diet – 8 g/kg body weight or 70% of total energy intake – Glucose during activities if activity last longer than 45 minutes (sports drinks, d ...
Attachment 2 - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... sequence has been shown to provide high levels of tolerance to glyphosate when introduced into plants (Padgette et al 1996). The initiation of transcription of the ctp2::cp4 epsps coding region is controlled by the 35S gene promoter, derived from figwort mosaic virus (FMV). The 35S promoter is const ...
... sequence has been shown to provide high levels of tolerance to glyphosate when introduced into plants (Padgette et al 1996). The initiation of transcription of the ctp2::cp4 epsps coding region is controlled by the 35S gene promoter, derived from figwort mosaic virus (FMV). The 35S promoter is const ...
Answers - Pearson-Global
... pairs of electrons around one of the atoms – in other words, it is nothing like a noble gas structure. Despite the impression often given at GCSE, such compounds are very common – although in the great majority of cases, there are more than 8 electrons around one atom rather than fewer. Students mig ...
... pairs of electrons around one of the atoms – in other words, it is nothing like a noble gas structure. Despite the impression often given at GCSE, such compounds are very common – although in the great majority of cases, there are more than 8 electrons around one atom rather than fewer. Students mig ...
cholesterol and lipo..
... Cholesterol Sources: Exogenous: from diet, it is present in egg yolk, liver and brain. Endogenous: synthesized in all cells of the body from acetyl CoA. e.g. in liver (mainly), intestine, adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes and skin. Digestion and absorption: mainly in intestine ...
... Cholesterol Sources: Exogenous: from diet, it is present in egg yolk, liver and brain. Endogenous: synthesized in all cells of the body from acetyl CoA. e.g. in liver (mainly), intestine, adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes and skin. Digestion and absorption: mainly in intestine ...
Option C Energy - Cambridge Resources for the IB Diploma
... Coal is formed from the remains of plants and trees which fell into swamps millions of years ago. These plants were then covered in layers of sediment and underwent partial decomposition in the absence of oxygen, and under high pressure and temperature, to form coal. Coal can contain up to 95% carbo ...
... Coal is formed from the remains of plants and trees which fell into swamps millions of years ago. These plants were then covered in layers of sediment and underwent partial decomposition in the absence of oxygen, and under high pressure and temperature, to form coal. Coal can contain up to 95% carbo ...
Leishmania donovani - Oxford Academic
... positioned above the DNA major groove, but do not directly interact with the DNA. The second lobe (also comprising two domains; the former resembling the core subdomain III of human topoisomerase I and the latter representing a short variable C-terminal domain) sits below the DNA, is composed of an ...
... positioned above the DNA major groove, but do not directly interact with the DNA. The second lobe (also comprising two domains; the former resembling the core subdomain III of human topoisomerase I and the latter representing a short variable C-terminal domain) sits below the DNA, is composed of an ...
Lab Module 7 - philipdarrenjones.com
... In Lab Module 1, we applied the scientific method to test factors that affect reaction time. This week, we will again use the scientific method, this time to test factors that affect the rate of fermentation by baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as fermentation in humans. Fermentation i ...
... In Lab Module 1, we applied the scientific method to test factors that affect reaction time. This week, we will again use the scientific method, this time to test factors that affect the rate of fermentation by baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as fermentation in humans. Fermentation i ...
Characters of Chymosin Gene Isolated from Different Animal A. G. Attallah
... of bovine calf chymosin was reported by Donnelly[3 ] and Foltmann [4 ] due to the presence of two isozymes of bovine chymosin, such as chymosin A and B, while chymosin C (molecular weight of around 8.5 kDa, a degradation product of chymosin A) that moves a long with the dye in front of SDS-PAGE. The ...
... of bovine calf chymosin was reported by Donnelly[3 ] and Foltmann [4 ] due to the presence of two isozymes of bovine chymosin, such as chymosin A and B, while chymosin C (molecular weight of around 8.5 kDa, a degradation product of chymosin A) that moves a long with the dye in front of SDS-PAGE. The ...
The Effect of a Limited Supply of Phenylalanine, Threonine, or
... Protein is the one of the most valuable components of milk. Unfortunately, the dairy cow, like other ruminants, is relatively inefficient at converting dietary crude protein (CP) into milk protein. Of the nitrogen (N) that the cow consumes, 70 to 75% is excreted in urine and feces (Bequette et al., ...
... Protein is the one of the most valuable components of milk. Unfortunately, the dairy cow, like other ruminants, is relatively inefficient at converting dietary crude protein (CP) into milk protein. Of the nitrogen (N) that the cow consumes, 70 to 75% is excreted in urine and feces (Bequette et al., ...
Causing something to be one way rather than another: Genetic
... Godfrey-Smith further elaborates on the above considerations (Godfrey-Smith 2000) and emphasizes a division of labor for the notion of genetic coding: whereas the code model has been useful to solve the puzzle of protein synthesis, it has instead little explanatory value when used to understand deve ...
... Godfrey-Smith further elaborates on the above considerations (Godfrey-Smith 2000) and emphasizes a division of labor for the notion of genetic coding: whereas the code model has been useful to solve the puzzle of protein synthesis, it has instead little explanatory value when used to understand deve ...
This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached copy
... on coupling this cycle with possible energy sources, improving energy efficiency for separations and reaction processes, and modifying the cycle by involving more chemical species so as to lower the energy demand. Sadhankar [9] reported the work that the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) engaged ...
... on coupling this cycle with possible energy sources, improving energy efficiency for separations and reaction processes, and modifying the cycle by involving more chemical species so as to lower the energy demand. Sadhankar [9] reported the work that the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) engaged ...
Hydrothermal experiments in the system citric acid, H2O-( FeS)
... Abstract—Recent theories have proposed that life arose from primitive hydrothermal environments employing chemical reactions analogous to the reductive citrate cycle (RCC) as the primary pathway for carbon fixation. This chemistry is presumed to have developed as a natural consequence of the intrins ...
... Abstract—Recent theories have proposed that life arose from primitive hydrothermal environments employing chemical reactions analogous to the reductive citrate cycle (RCC) as the primary pathway for carbon fixation. This chemistry is presumed to have developed as a natural consequence of the intrins ...
Expression of phosphofructokinase in Neisseria meningitidis
... phosphate pathway. The Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway is not functional, because the gene for phosphofructokinase (PFK) is not present. The phylogenetic distribution of PFK indicates that in most obligate aerobic organisms, PFK is lacking. We conclude that this is because of the limited contribution ...
... phosphate pathway. The Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway is not functional, because the gene for phosphofructokinase (PFK) is not present. The phylogenetic distribution of PFK indicates that in most obligate aerobic organisms, PFK is lacking. We conclude that this is because of the limited contribution ...
Study on the degradability of poly(ester amide)s derived from the... acids glycine, and l-alanine containing a variable amide/ester ratio
... a-amino acid residues and ester groups have been synthesized and characterized. In order to maintain hydrogen bonding interactions, two diamines with the same number of main chain atoms were selected. The series differ on the nature of the a-amino acid residue: glycine or lalanine. The calorimetric ...
... a-amino acid residues and ester groups have been synthesized and characterized. In order to maintain hydrogen bonding interactions, two diamines with the same number of main chain atoms were selected. The series differ on the nature of the a-amino acid residue: glycine or lalanine. The calorimetric ...
Protein Nutrition of Dairy Cattle – An Overview
... reflects a deepening understanding of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen and the amino acid composition of ruminant products. In contrast, estimates of amino acid requirements for maintenance have remained elusive. Our comprehension of amino acid (and protein) metabolism and requirements for ...
... reflects a deepening understanding of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen and the amino acid composition of ruminant products. In contrast, estimates of amino acid requirements for maintenance have remained elusive. Our comprehension of amino acid (and protein) metabolism and requirements for ...
Lactic acidosis
... FIGURE [3H]-biotin labeling of carboxylase proteins in cultured skin fibroblasts. SDS/PAGE gelelectrophoresis was carried out on amniocyte or skin fibroblast extracts after labeling with [3H]-biotin followed by fluorography of the dried gel. Cell strains used were lane l, control cell strain l206; ...
... FIGURE [3H]-biotin labeling of carboxylase proteins in cultured skin fibroblasts. SDS/PAGE gelelectrophoresis was carried out on amniocyte or skin fibroblast extracts after labeling with [3H]-biotin followed by fluorography of the dried gel. Cell strains used were lane l, control cell strain l206; ...
Autotrophic carbon fixation in archaea
... include H2, H2S, S, CO, NH3, metal sulphides such as pyrite (FeS2), and reduced metal ions. The electron acceptors that can be used include various oxidized inorganic compounds such as S, S2O32–, SO42–, AsO43−, NO3–, oxidized metal ions and even CO2 (for anaerobic respiration). The use of O2 (for ae ...
... include H2, H2S, S, CO, NH3, metal sulphides such as pyrite (FeS2), and reduced metal ions. The electron acceptors that can be used include various oxidized inorganic compounds such as S, S2O32–, SO42–, AsO43−, NO3–, oxidized metal ions and even CO2 (for anaerobic respiration). The use of O2 (for ae ...
Autotrophic carbon fixation in archaea
... include H2, H2S, S, CO, NH3, metal sulphides such as pyrite (FeS2), and reduced metal ions. The electron acceptors that can be used include various oxidized inorganic compounds such as S, S2O32–, SO42–, AsO43−, NO3–, oxidized metal ions and even CO2 (for anaerobic respiration). The use of O2 (for ae ...
... include H2, H2S, S, CO, NH3, metal sulphides such as pyrite (FeS2), and reduced metal ions. The electron acceptors that can be used include various oxidized inorganic compounds such as S, S2O32–, SO42–, AsO43−, NO3–, oxidized metal ions and even CO2 (for anaerobic respiration). The use of O2 (for ae ...
ribosomal defects in a mutant deficient in the yajl homolog of the
... NADH dehydrogenase defect. E. coli possesses two NADH dehydrogenases, namely, NADH dehydrogenase 1, composed of the nuoA-N gene products (a homolog of mitochondrial respiratory complex I) and NADH dehydrogenase 2, the ndh gene product. We measured the oxidation of dichlorophenolindophenol with NADH ...
... NADH dehydrogenase defect. E. coli possesses two NADH dehydrogenases, namely, NADH dehydrogenase 1, composed of the nuoA-N gene products (a homolog of mitochondrial respiratory complex I) and NADH dehydrogenase 2, the ndh gene product. We measured the oxidation of dichlorophenolindophenol with NADH ...
Relació estructura-funció en la família de transportadors d'aminoàcids heteromultimèrics.
... not species counterparts) for mammalian amino acid transporters or related proteins (see sect. 11). This structural information is not complete. The genes identified seem to correspond to eight classic transport systems and their variants, whereas another eight of the major amino acid transport syst ...
... not species counterparts) for mammalian amino acid transporters or related proteins (see sect. 11). This structural information is not complete. The genes identified seem to correspond to eight classic transport systems and their variants, whereas another eight of the major amino acid transport syst ...
7-Keto DHEA - Scientific Bio
... order for people to get up and perform normal activities without feeling fatigued. When individuals do not produce enough cortisol, it may result in low blood pressure, morning fatigue and brain fog. However, when individuals are producing too much cortisol throughout the day , they may experience h ...
... order for people to get up and perform normal activities without feeling fatigued. When individuals do not produce enough cortisol, it may result in low blood pressure, morning fatigue and brain fog. However, when individuals are producing too much cortisol throughout the day , they may experience h ...
Pentose P Path
... nucleosides also enters Glycolysis in this way, after first being converted to ribose-5-phosphate. Thus the Pentose Phosphate Pathway serves as an entry into Glycolysis for both 5-carbon & 6-carbon sugars. ...
... nucleosides also enters Glycolysis in this way, after first being converted to ribose-5-phosphate. Thus the Pentose Phosphate Pathway serves as an entry into Glycolysis for both 5-carbon & 6-carbon sugars. ...
Recent Studies of Phenylketonuria Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an
... When there is a malfunction of the PAH enzyme, the effect of high concentrations of Phe triggers neuronal apoptosis. Recent studies found that RhoA/ROCK pathway and apoptosis are linked. This raised the question if RhoA/ROCK signaling is involved with Phe i ...
... When there is a malfunction of the PAH enzyme, the effect of high concentrations of Phe triggers neuronal apoptosis. Recent studies found that RhoA/ROCK pathway and apoptosis are linked. This raised the question if RhoA/ROCK signaling is involved with Phe i ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.