Chapter 6 and 17 notes
... The function of ATP is energy storage The bond linking the last phosphate group is a high-energy bond When the third phosphate is removed, it can attach to another compound and transfer the energy from that high-energy bond. This transfer of energy is phosphorylation Removing the third pho ...
... The function of ATP is energy storage The bond linking the last phosphate group is a high-energy bond When the third phosphate is removed, it can attach to another compound and transfer the energy from that high-energy bond. This transfer of energy is phosphorylation Removing the third pho ...
Biology-1 Exam Two Sample Questions Substrates bind to an
... 2. Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false? a. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape. b. Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates. c. Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions. d. Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze. e. ...
... 2. Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false? a. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape. b. Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates. c. Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions. d. Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze. e. ...
Exam II
... b. Lipids and proteins move laterally at approximately the same rate within the membrane. c. The faces of biological membranes are distinct and usually different in both composition and structure. d. Phospholipids often require a specialized enzyme to facilitate movement across (flipping) the membra ...
... b. Lipids and proteins move laterally at approximately the same rate within the membrane. c. The faces of biological membranes are distinct and usually different in both composition and structure. d. Phospholipids often require a specialized enzyme to facilitate movement across (flipping) the membra ...
UNIT 3 – CELLULAR ENERGETICS Chapter 9
... each stage occurs. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. Describe where pyruvate is oxid ...
... each stage occurs. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. Describe where pyruvate is oxid ...
carbohydrates
... • Glycoside: a carbohydrate in which the -‐OH of the anomeric carbon is replaced by -‐OR • those derived from furanoses are furanosides; those derived from pyranoses are pyranosides • glycosidic bond: the ...
... • Glycoside: a carbohydrate in which the -‐OH of the anomeric carbon is replaced by -‐OR • those derived from furanoses are furanosides; those derived from pyranoses are pyranosides • glycosidic bond: the ...
Proteins - foothill.edu
... • Hydrocarbon side chains are attracted to each other by London dispersion forces, these groups cluster together in the same way that oil molecules cluster on water, these are hydrophobic interactions. • One type of covalent bond plays a role in protein shape. Cysteine amino acid residues have side ...
... • Hydrocarbon side chains are attracted to each other by London dispersion forces, these groups cluster together in the same way that oil molecules cluster on water, these are hydrophobic interactions. • One type of covalent bond plays a role in protein shape. Cysteine amino acid residues have side ...
CARBOHYDRATES B.SC Ist SEMESTER INTRODUCTION TO
... •CONVERSION TO FAT : Excess of calories fed in diet in the form of carbohydrate is stored as fat in adipose tissue. When the body is in need of energy it can be realized from the adipose tissue. •PROMOTES GROWTH OF DESIRABLE BACTERIA : Lactose has several functions in the gastrointestinal tract. It ...
... •CONVERSION TO FAT : Excess of calories fed in diet in the form of carbohydrate is stored as fat in adipose tissue. When the body is in need of energy it can be realized from the adipose tissue. •PROMOTES GROWTH OF DESIRABLE BACTERIA : Lactose has several functions in the gastrointestinal tract. It ...
Assignment Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 1
... An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and the rest is oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollen’s reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and gives a positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic a ...
... An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and the rest is oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollen’s reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and gives a positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic a ...
Slide 1
... Nucleic Acids • DNA: The Double Helix The vertical blue strand represents the sugar and phosphate group and the inner horizontal bands represent the ...
... Nucleic Acids • DNA: The Double Helix The vertical blue strand represents the sugar and phosphate group and the inner horizontal bands represent the ...
Protein Folding 2 Lattice Model
... Evolving a foldable sequence = sequence with a large energy gap Three approaches to obtain foldable sequences: En ! E Ec ! E ...
... Evolving a foldable sequence = sequence with a large energy gap Three approaches to obtain foldable sequences: En ! E Ec ! E ...
Amino Acids
... – MALDI MS and ESI MS can precisely identify the mass of a peptide, and thus the amino acid sequence – Can be used to determine post-translational modifications ...
... – MALDI MS and ESI MS can precisely identify the mass of a peptide, and thus the amino acid sequence – Can be used to determine post-translational modifications ...
9.3 student Fill in notes
... • In the first stage of cellular respiration, ________________ is broken down to ________________ during ________________, an ________________ process. ...
... • In the first stage of cellular respiration, ________________ is broken down to ________________ during ________________, an ________________ process. ...
7.2 Glycolysis
... Glycolysis occurs with or without oxygen (during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration) Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell During glycolysis glucose is split in two to form 2 pyruvate molecules ...
... Glycolysis occurs with or without oxygen (during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration) Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell During glycolysis glucose is split in two to form 2 pyruvate molecules ...
Learning Objectives
... 7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. 8. Describe how glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphor ...
... 7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. 8. Describe how glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphor ...
Model 2 – Amylase Rate of Reaction
... Read this: Digestive enzymes are protein-based biological catalysts that play important roles in our lives. They help remove stains from our shirts, turn milk into cheese, and are responsible for turning our dinner into use- able fuel for our bodies. Enzymes however do not work well universally. Som ...
... Read this: Digestive enzymes are protein-based biological catalysts that play important roles in our lives. They help remove stains from our shirts, turn milk into cheese, and are responsible for turning our dinner into use- able fuel for our bodies. Enzymes however do not work well universally. Som ...
Key concepts for Essay #1
... a. Describe the various characteristics of the carbon atom that makes possible the building of a variety of biological molecules. b. Explain how reactions involving carbon-containing compounds can contribute to the greenhouse effect. c. The following structures are examples of two different categori ...
... a. Describe the various characteristics of the carbon atom that makes possible the building of a variety of biological molecules. b. Explain how reactions involving carbon-containing compounds can contribute to the greenhouse effect. c. The following structures are examples of two different categori ...
1. An inner engine keeps us alive
... It now has a positive charge. Ammonium ion is not a gas. We use solutions of ammonium to clean windows, and some of the ammonium ions, NH4+, in the water escape the water and become ammonia, NH3. Ammonia gas is very smelly and toxic. Nitrogen is essential because we need proteins in our bodies. Prot ...
... It now has a positive charge. Ammonium ion is not a gas. We use solutions of ammonium to clean windows, and some of the ammonium ions, NH4+, in the water escape the water and become ammonia, NH3. Ammonia gas is very smelly and toxic. Nitrogen is essential because we need proteins in our bodies. Prot ...
Amino Acids
... of species can be aligned and analyzed for differences • Differences indicate evolutionary divergences • Analysis of multiple protein families can indicate evolutionary relationships between organisms, ultimately the history of life on Earth ...
... of species can be aligned and analyzed for differences • Differences indicate evolutionary divergences • Analysis of multiple protein families can indicate evolutionary relationships between organisms, ultimately the history of life on Earth ...
KEY - chem.uwec.edu
... 5. Some organisms can grow using ethanol as their sole carbon source (and I believe I have spotted them on Water Street). Propose a pathway for the utilization of this two carbon compound. The pathway(s) should convert ethanol into one or more molecules that can be used for energy generation and as ...
... 5. Some organisms can grow using ethanol as their sole carbon source (and I believe I have spotted them on Water Street). Propose a pathway for the utilization of this two carbon compound. The pathway(s) should convert ethanol into one or more molecules that can be used for energy generation and as ...
Exam 4
... B. Processing of odd-carbon fatty acids requires the less-common vitamin ________________. C. We do not have enzymes to make -3 or -6 fatty acids—they are termed _______________fatty acids because we must obtain them through diet. D. ______________ is a redox cofactor involved in fatty acid biosyn ...
... B. Processing of odd-carbon fatty acids requires the less-common vitamin ________________. C. We do not have enzymes to make -3 or -6 fatty acids—they are termed _______________fatty acids because we must obtain them through diet. D. ______________ is a redox cofactor involved in fatty acid biosyn ...
What are proteins
... amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds. Tertiary protein structure: It occurs when certain attractions are present between α-helices and β-sheets. Quaternary protein structure: It is a protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain ...
... amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds. Tertiary protein structure: It occurs when certain attractions are present between α-helices and β-sheets. Quaternary protein structure: It is a protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain ...
gene
... • The intervening sequences (Introns) are cut out and the expressed sequences (Exons) are spliced back together. This way, more than one protein can be made from a single gene! • Now it is mature mRNA ...
... • The intervening sequences (Introns) are cut out and the expressed sequences (Exons) are spliced back together. This way, more than one protein can be made from a single gene! • Now it is mature mRNA ...
Chem 150: Review for Ch
... What is an oligonucleotide? What is a polynucleotide? What is the backbone of the polynucleotide? What is the 5’-end and 3’-end of a nucleic acid strand? What bases are used in RNA, and those in DNA? What sugar is used in RNA, and the one in DNA? Can you distinguish between a polynucleotide that is ...
... What is an oligonucleotide? What is a polynucleotide? What is the backbone of the polynucleotide? What is the 5’-end and 3’-end of a nucleic acid strand? What bases are used in RNA, and those in DNA? What sugar is used in RNA, and the one in DNA? Can you distinguish between a polynucleotide that is ...
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.