Political Business Cycles 40 Years after Nordhaus
... fluctuations linked to the rhythm of elections and these fluctuations are called “political business cycles” (PBCs). 3 Without going into a detailed presentation of the history of thought, it is interesting to see how this article emerged and in particular to examine both the forerunners in contribu ...
... fluctuations linked to the rhythm of elections and these fluctuations are called “political business cycles” (PBCs). 3 Without going into a detailed presentation of the history of thought, it is interesting to see how this article emerged and in particular to examine both the forerunners in contribu ...
Country Indicators for Foreign Policy
... What is the formula for the outbreak of a crisis situation? Though researchers expected no easy answers in pinpointing where future hotspots would be, the challenge has turned out to be even more daunting than anticipated. What are the correlates of crises and conflicts? Can we in fact predict them ...
... What is the formula for the outbreak of a crisis situation? Though researchers expected no easy answers in pinpointing where future hotspots would be, the challenge has turned out to be even more daunting than anticipated. What are the correlates of crises and conflicts? Can we in fact predict them ...
Rebellion
Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It may, therefore, be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors aimed at destroying or taking over the position of an established authority such as a government, governor, president, political leader, financial institution, or person in charge. On the one hand the forms of behaviour can include non-violent methods such as the (overlapping but not quite identical) phenomena of civil disobedience, civil resistance and nonviolent resistance. On the other hand, it may encompass violent campaigns. Those who participate in rebellions, especially if they are armed rebellions, are known as ""rebels"".Throughout history, many different groups that opposed their governments have been called rebels. Over 450 peasant revolts erupted in southwestern France between 1590 and 1715. In the United States, the term was used for the Continentals by the British in the Revolutionary War, and for the Confederacy by the Union in the American Civil War. Most armed rebellions have not been against authority in general, but rather have sought to establish a new government in their place. For example, the Boxer Rebellion sought to implement a stronger government in China in place of the weak and divided government of the time. The Jacobite Risings (called ""Jacobite Rebellions"" by the government) attempted to restore the deposed Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland, rather than abolish the monarchy completely.