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Optimal social choice functions: a utilitarian view
Optimal social choice functions: a utilitarian view

... None of these assumptions is valid in all social choice settings. The foundations of von Neumann and Morgenstern [2003] expected utility theory treat the strength of preference for alternatives expressed by a utility function as representing an individual’s (ordinal) preferences over lotteries or ga ...
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Methods to define and evaluate socially responsible investments
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... topic. Rather, we present a summary from the two fields where research has been conducted and the different findings that have been presented. In strategic management science, the debate on corporate social versus corporate financial performance goes back to the opposing views of Friedman (1970) and ...
chapter 7 ethics, diversity, and respect in multicultural counselling
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... discipline value rules of conduct because, in adjudicating ethics complaints, it is easier to judge whether or not the rules have been violated. However, rules reflect cultural beliefs and, therefore, rules that are developed in one cultural context may be inappropriate in another context. The princ ...
Space and Place John Agnew - UCLA Department of Geography
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Validation and Verification in Social Simulation: Patterns and
Validation and Verification in Social Simulation: Patterns and

... In summary, for Oreskes et al., simulations can be validated and confirmed but never verified. The primary value of simulation would be to “offer evidence to strengthen what may be already partly established, or to offer heuristic guidance as to further research, but never susceptible to proof.” For ...
THE CONNOTATIVE ASPECT OF THE CONCEPT OF CLASS
THE CONNOTATIVE ASPECT OF THE CONCEPT OF CLASS

... himself is not clear on this issue. A constant criterion applicable by Marx in distinguishing classes consists in the ownership of the means of production. Trough this economic approach, he draws the following main partition of society: capitalists, proletarians and landowners. All the other classes ...
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Mason, Paul (2012) Why It`s Kicking Off Everywhere: The New

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Corporate Social Performance and Stock Returns

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... outcomes is a common application of network visualizations, however they are not only for use at the end of a research project; they can also yield first impressions of data in a very early stage of this process. The precondition for effective information visualization and successful visual reasonin ...
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Franz Jakubowski (1936)

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john mingers - Kent Academic Repository

... principles can be traced back to the Greeks, especially Aristotle2. Traditional disciplines that were involved include biology, psychology and even quantum physics, while new disciplines emerged, based on systemic ideas, such as ecology and cybernetics. There was a major epistemological break within ...
Valuable Subversions: Gendered Generativity
Valuable Subversions: Gendered Generativity

... area around the house will typically also be used as a garden where sweet potato and cucumbers are important crops. All households also have a number of fruit trees providing important variation to the sadza-based diet and mango, lemon, tangerine, avocado and papaya trees are scattered across Honde’ ...
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Törnberg, Petter - Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences

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QJAE 18 no. 2 Summer 2015 Mueller The Missing

... when three economists dissatisfied with the failure of classical predictions (W.S. Jevons in England, Carl Menger in Austria, and Leon Walras in Switzerland) independently but almost simultaneously reinvented Augustine’s theory of utility, starting its reintegration with the theories of production a ...
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... loads and demanding tasks—in both the social and physical domains. The importance of considering these niche parameters in combination with mechanisms is demonstrated by a portion of Gintis and van Schaik’s account of prosociality (this volume). On this view, our primate ancestors evolved a complex ...
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Cultural evolution of the structure of human groups

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Sociotechnical Roles for Sociotechnical Systems - A

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6. Words as Moral Badges. A Continuous Flow of Buzzwords in

... with trends in the surrounding cultures. Explanations of the appeal of a particular symbol, from an anthropological point of view, often relate to side connotations. In this case they do not relate to the precise definitions that are subject to contestation, but to complex semantic fields, cross-cut ...
The Society of Mind Requires an Economy of Mind
The Society of Mind Requires an Economy of Mind

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History of the social sciences

The history of the social sciences has origin in the common stock of Western philosophy and shares various precursors, but began most intentionally in the early 19th century with the positivist philosophy of science. Since the mid-20th century, the term ""social science"" has come to refer more generally, not just to sociology, but to all those disciplines which analyse society and culture; from anthropology to linguistics to media studies.The idea that society may be studied in a standardized and objective manner, with scholarly rules and methodology, is comparatively recent. While there is evidence of early sociology in medieval Islam, and while philosophers such as Confucius had long since theorised on topics such as social roles, the scientific analysis of ""Man"" is peculiar to the intellectual break away from the Age of Enlightenment and toward the discourses of Modernity. Social sciences came forth from the moral philosophy of the time and was influenced by the Age of Revolutions, such as the Industrial revolution and the French revolution. The beginnings of the social sciences in the 18th century are reflected in the grand encyclopedia of Diderot, with articles from Rousseau and other pioneers. Around the start of the 20th century, Enlightenment philosophy was challenged in various quarters. After the use of classical theories since the end of the scientific revolution, various fields substituted mathematics studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure. The development of social science subfields became very quantitative in methodology. Conversely, the interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary nature of scientific inquiry into human behavior and social and environmental factors affecting it made many of the natural sciences interested in some aspects of social science methodology. Examples of boundary blurring include emerging disciplines like social studies of medicine, sociobiology, neuropsychology, bioeconomics and the history and sociology of science. Increasingly, quantitative and qualitative methods are being integrated in the study of human action and its implications and consequences. In the first half of the 20th century, statistics became a free-standing discipline of applied mathematics. Statistical methods were used confidently.In the contemporary period, there continues to be little movement toward consensus on what methodology might have the power and refinement to connect a proposed ""grand theory"" with the various midrange theories that, with considerable success, continue to provide usable frameworks for massive, growing data banks. See consilience.
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