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Real Exchange Rate Undervaluation: Static Losses, Dynamic Gains
... ment in the economy is to subsidize the accumulation of capital. Such a policy may not be implementable in most contexts, due to budgetary and targeting issues, or distributional concerns. Furthermore, our model of capital includes intangible forms of capital, which may make it even less feasible t ...
... ment in the economy is to subsidize the accumulation of capital. Such a policy may not be implementable in most contexts, due to budgetary and targeting issues, or distributional concerns. Furthermore, our model of capital includes intangible forms of capital, which may make it even less feasible t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TAX POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETATIVENESS Lawrence H. Summers
... and investment taxes treated here. I bypass these problems. The main conclusions of the formal analysis presented below may be motivated by considering the national income accounting identity S-I = X-M. This identity holds that the trade balance (X-M) must equal the excess of ...
... and investment taxes treated here. I bypass these problems. The main conclusions of the formal analysis presented below may be motivated by considering the national income accounting identity S-I = X-M. This identity holds that the trade balance (X-M) must equal the excess of ...
Development Economics Inequality of Growth Model
... Now we are going to see the expected influence (-)of the Gini coefficients on the grow rate But what is more interesting is the change in omen by comparing the influence of the Gini coefficient from Countries with a per Capital GDP lower than $2070 or higher than this level ...
... Now we are going to see the expected influence (-)of the Gini coefficients on the grow rate But what is more interesting is the change in omen by comparing the influence of the Gini coefficient from Countries with a per Capital GDP lower than $2070 or higher than this level ...
- Shaping Futures
... modern economic thought can be told as the shift from political economy to the discipline now simply called economics’. Kunkel, echoing the earlier observations of Eichner (1983), labels modern economics as a quasi- scientific approach that ‘lent itself to constructing mathematical alibis for capita ...
... modern economic thought can be told as the shift from political economy to the discipline now simply called economics’. Kunkel, echoing the earlier observations of Eichner (1983), labels modern economics as a quasi- scientific approach that ‘lent itself to constructing mathematical alibis for capita ...
Long Run and Short Run Effects of Government Expenditures on
... from the private sector. Secondly, at the time this public intermediate good becomes freely available and fully effective, it affects the productivity of the companies and labor force which use this good. This can lead to decreased costs (especially transaction costs) of production, and frees up fun ...
... from the private sector. Secondly, at the time this public intermediate good becomes freely available and fully effective, it affects the productivity of the companies and labor force which use this good. This can lead to decreased costs (especially transaction costs) of production, and frees up fun ...
E F , I Q
... but it remains sizable and statistically significant. The tropical location variable is negative and significant, and it adds substantially to the explanatory power. This is consistent with the view articulated by Sachs that a tropical location adversely affects capital formation. The coastal variab ...
... but it remains sizable and statistically significant. The tropical location variable is negative and significant, and it adds substantially to the explanatory power. This is consistent with the view articulated by Sachs that a tropical location adversely affects capital formation. The coastal variab ...
The Curse Of Natural Resources In The Transition
... theory would predict that abundant natural resources should be good for the economy. As a matter of fact, economic theory in the 19th and early 20th century often regarded land as an important production factor, and land is a natural resource. In his famous “Essay on the Principle of Population”, Th ...
... theory would predict that abundant natural resources should be good for the economy. As a matter of fact, economic theory in the 19th and early 20th century often regarded land as an important production factor, and land is a natural resource. In his famous “Essay on the Principle of Population”, Th ...
Demography, National Savings and International Capital Flows
... sub-Saharan Africa, 5.4 percent of Latin America and 8.5 percent for South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). ...
... sub-Saharan Africa, 5.4 percent of Latin America and 8.5 percent for South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). ...
Cross-national studies of academic achievement have
... mathematics and science on economic growth and that study finds a positive effect (Hanushek and Kimko 2000). These researchers do not attempt to empirically ascertain the mechanisms or intervening variables through which greater levels of academic achievement lead to greater rates of economic growth ...
... mathematics and science on economic growth and that study finds a positive effect (Hanushek and Kimko 2000). These researchers do not attempt to empirically ascertain the mechanisms or intervening variables through which greater levels of academic achievement lead to greater rates of economic growth ...
Chapter 16 - Cengage Learning
... from s to s’. • The result is very similar to the Solow model with no technological progress. At the initial capital-technology ratio, investment exceeds the amount needed to keep the capital-technology ratio constant. An upward shift in the s curve, therefore, speeds up the rate of growth temporari ...
... from s to s’. • The result is very similar to the Solow model with no technological progress. At the initial capital-technology ratio, investment exceeds the amount needed to keep the capital-technology ratio constant. An upward shift in the s curve, therefore, speeds up the rate of growth temporari ...
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF)
... Abu Badaer and Abu Qarn (2003) investigated the causal link between government expenditure and economic growth for Egypt, Israel and Syria. The study found bidirectional causality from government spending to economic growth but with a negative long term relationship between two variables. At the sec ...
... Abu Badaer and Abu Qarn (2003) investigated the causal link between government expenditure and economic growth for Egypt, Israel and Syria. The study found bidirectional causality from government spending to economic growth but with a negative long term relationship between two variables. At the sec ...
Aviation Economic Benefits
... economic development and in supporting long-term economic growth. It facilitates a country’s integration into the global economy, providing direct benefits for users and wider economic benefits through its positive impact on productivity and growth. Economic growth is determined by the resources ava ...
... economic development and in supporting long-term economic growth. It facilitates a country’s integration into the global economy, providing direct benefits for users and wider economic benefits through its positive impact on productivity and growth. Economic growth is determined by the resources ava ...
PPT chapter 12 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... between the level of saving and investment and the long-run level of per capita GDP. • Suppose the production function is given by: y = Af(k,l) • We start with the production function we saw last chapter: y = Af(k,l),where y = amount of real output, A = an index of secondary factors available to the ...
... between the level of saving and investment and the long-run level of per capita GDP. • Suppose the production function is given by: y = Af(k,l) • We start with the production function we saw last chapter: y = Af(k,l),where y = amount of real output, A = an index of secondary factors available to the ...
Productive Government Expenditure and Economic
... government services as a stock. At first sight, this approach is more appealing since services like public infrastructure are more realistically described as stocks. However, the advantage in terms of realism has a price in terms of analytical complexity. For instance, this approach usually entails ...
... government services as a stock. At first sight, this approach is more appealing since services like public infrastructure are more realistically described as stocks. However, the advantage in terms of realism has a price in terms of analytical complexity. For instance, this approach usually entails ...
pg07 Mamatzakis3 5108779 en
... Despite the numerous studies on the return to public infrastructure, few studies have attempted to measure this return in the case of Mexican economy. A country in which the role of public infrastructure may be seen as particularly influential is Mexico, given the government reduction of public inv ...
... Despite the numerous studies on the return to public infrastructure, few studies have attempted to measure this return in the case of Mexican economy. A country in which the role of public infrastructure may be seen as particularly influential is Mexico, given the government reduction of public inv ...
Exploring the Causes and Effects of Revenue Decentralization
... if local accountability is poor and corruption is prevalent. In the context of weak local governance, increased revenue decentralization could act as a tax on economic activity without a corresponding Wicksellian benefit being provided in terms of better local public services or local public infras ...
... if local accountability is poor and corruption is prevalent. In the context of weak local governance, increased revenue decentralization could act as a tax on economic activity without a corresponding Wicksellian benefit being provided in terms of better local public services or local public infras ...
The Driving Forces of Economic Growth: Panel Data
... capital, the long-term rate of growth becomes endogenous, in the sense that it depends on investment decisions which, in turn, could be influenced by policy and institutions. Some of these endogenous growth models imply “conditional” convergence, while others do not, depending on assumptions about t ...
... capital, the long-term rate of growth becomes endogenous, in the sense that it depends on investment decisions which, in turn, could be influenced by policy and institutions. Some of these endogenous growth models imply “conditional” convergence, while others do not, depending on assumptions about t ...
Current Account Norms in Natural Resource Rich and Capital
... the macroeconomic impact of the windfall, including on the current account balance and, therefore, on external stability. With the signi…cant rise of resource prices in the last ten years, the issue of how to manage resource windfalls has become more prominent in policy discussions, especially when ...
... the macroeconomic impact of the windfall, including on the current account balance and, therefore, on external stability. With the signi…cant rise of resource prices in the last ten years, the issue of how to manage resource windfalls has become more prominent in policy discussions, especially when ...
New Evidence from ECOWAS Countries Using
... Economic growth is driven by certain economic activities which among other things, include policies and directives instituted by the government; as the government policies and institutions that make up the infrastructure of an economy determine investment and productivity, and therefore also determi ...
... Economic growth is driven by certain economic activities which among other things, include policies and directives instituted by the government; as the government policies and institutions that make up the infrastructure of an economy determine investment and productivity, and therefore also determi ...
A Population and Sample Selection Effects in Measuring International Income Inequality*
... Formulating inequality in this way, Firebaugh traces each country’s “contribution” to world income inequality simply by multiplying its own population share by a function of its income ratio. If this were correct, it surely would represent a “key finding,” as Firebaugh claims. The reality, however, ...
... Formulating inequality in this way, Firebaugh traces each country’s “contribution” to world income inequality simply by multiplying its own population share by a function of its income ratio. If this were correct, it surely would represent a “key finding,” as Firebaugh claims. The reality, however, ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BUSINESS CYCLE FLUCTUATIONS AND THE LIFE CYCLE:
... economies display ‡uctuations with quantitative properties similar to those of business cycles experienced by actual economies. Most of this literature, beginning with Kydland and Prescott (1982), has studied versions of the in…nite horizon stochastic growth model calibrated to match secular growth ...
... economies display ‡uctuations with quantitative properties similar to those of business cycles experienced by actual economies. Most of this literature, beginning with Kydland and Prescott (1982), has studied versions of the in…nite horizon stochastic growth model calibrated to match secular growth ...
WP-EMG-28-2009 - Cass Business School
... these countries faced. Perhaps the most critical was the uncertainty of property rights and the risk of expropriation (Weintraub, 1998. In Russia and some of the other CIS countries, privatizations were chaotic and favored a small coterie of insiders and financiers, and these privatizations continue ...
... these countries faced. Perhaps the most critical was the uncertainty of property rights and the risk of expropriation (Weintraub, 1998. In Russia and some of the other CIS countries, privatizations were chaotic and favored a small coterie of insiders and financiers, and these privatizations continue ...
geografski institut
... has been performed only by Simões, Andrade, and Duarte (2013) and Andrade, Duarte, and Simões (2014). This study extends the existing literature by adopting a regional perspective, following Dominicis et al. (2008) suggestion that empirical studies on the relationship between inequality and growth s ...
... has been performed only by Simões, Andrade, and Duarte (2013) and Andrade, Duarte, and Simões (2014). This study extends the existing literature by adopting a regional perspective, following Dominicis et al. (2008) suggestion that empirical studies on the relationship between inequality and growth s ...
OPTIMAL PUBLIC INVESTMENT, GROWTH, AND CONSUMPTION: EVIDENCE FROM AFRICAN COUNTRIES
... However, Foster and Briceno-Garmendia (2010) argue that countries in SSA lag behind their developing countries’ peers in any measure of infrastructure. According to these authors, there are in particular signi…cant di¤erences among SSA and other low- and middle-income countries in terms of paved roa ...
... However, Foster and Briceno-Garmendia (2010) argue that countries in SSA lag behind their developing countries’ peers in any measure of infrastructure. According to these authors, there are in particular signi…cant di¤erences among SSA and other low- and middle-income countries in terms of paved roa ...
Capital Account Liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investmentin Nigeria
... This technique, which was later re-parameterized to investigate the short-run dynamics, is primarily used to ascertain the long-run equilibrium condition among the variables. The results obtained largely supports the neoclassical counter-revolution framework which craves for government involvement i ...
... This technique, which was later re-parameterized to investigate the short-run dynamics, is primarily used to ascertain the long-run equilibrium condition among the variables. The results obtained largely supports the neoclassical counter-revolution framework which craves for government involvement i ...
Uneven and combined development
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Puerto_del_Huasco.jpg?width=300)
Uneven and combined development (or unequal and combined development) is a Marxist concept to describe the overall dynamics of human history. It was originally used by the Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky around the turn of the 20th century, when he was analyzing the developmental possibilities that existed for the economy and civilization in the Russian empire, and the likely future of the Tsarist regime in Russia. It was the basis of his political strategy of permanent revolution, which implied a rejection of the idea that a human society inevitably developed through a uni-linear sequence of necessary ""stages"". Trotsky's ideas matured under the influence of Georg Vollmar's study of a possibility of socialism in one country, as well as John Hobson, Rudolf Hilferding and Vladimir Lenin's studies of imperialism. Also before Trotsky, Nikolay Chernyshevsky and Vasily Vorontsov proposed a similar idea. The concept is still used today by Trotskyists and other Marxists concerned with world politics.