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How do negative political ads impact public trust in candidates?
... itself significantly decreased voter engagement and participation. However, the theory behind these findings were called into question by a host of scholars who argued that negative ads may actually increase participation since individuals may learn more information from negative ads, particularly t ...
... itself significantly decreased voter engagement and participation. However, the theory behind these findings were called into question by a host of scholars who argued that negative ads may actually increase participation since individuals may learn more information from negative ads, particularly t ...
P. Pierson, Coping with Permanent Austerity
... a single alternative and to continue movement down a particular path once initial steps are taken. Large set-up or fixed costs are likely to create increasing returns to further investment in a given technology, providing individuals with a strong incentive to identify and stick with a single option ...
... a single alternative and to continue movement down a particular path once initial steps are taken. Large set-up or fixed costs are likely to create increasing returns to further investment in a given technology, providing individuals with a strong incentive to identify and stick with a single option ...
Land Inheritance Rules: Theory and Cross-Cultural
... For simplicity, we assume throughout that there are two heirs. We also assume (for now) that there does not exist a well-functioning land market. Thus, heirs can only acquire land by bequest. This part of the analysis is therefore most relevant for primitive agricultural societies or developing cou ...
... For simplicity, we assume throughout that there are two heirs. We also assume (for now) that there does not exist a well-functioning land market. Thus, heirs can only acquire land by bequest. This part of the analysis is therefore most relevant for primitive agricultural societies or developing cou ...
Democracy and Economic Growth: a meta-analysis
... effective allocation of resources in the marketplace, and profit maximizing private activity can all be maintained in a climate of liberty, free-flowing information and secured control of property (North 1990). Democracies can limit state intervention in the economy, are responsive to public’s deman ...
... effective allocation of resources in the marketplace, and profit maximizing private activity can all be maintained in a climate of liberty, free-flowing information and secured control of property (North 1990). Democracies can limit state intervention in the economy, are responsive to public’s deman ...
Can Tolerance be Taught? Adult Civic Education
... argumentation and efforts at persuasion (Sullivan and Transue 1999; Marcus et al. 1995; Kuklinski et al 1991; Gibson 1998). Using a variety of innovative experimental and quasi-experimental research designs, these studies have shown that tolerance can be quite pliable, changing in predictable ways a ...
... argumentation and efforts at persuasion (Sullivan and Transue 1999; Marcus et al. 1995; Kuklinski et al 1991; Gibson 1998). Using a variety of innovative experimental and quasi-experimental research designs, these studies have shown that tolerance can be quite pliable, changing in predictable ways a ...
Reagan, Armageddon and the 1984 Presidential Debate
... single public response from Reagan himself.17 The lobbying efforts of the New Christian Right to return government to the “Judeo-Christian values” on which they perceived the nation had been founded, driving legislation on issues such as abortion and pornography, created a palpable sense of overlap ...
... single public response from Reagan himself.17 The lobbying efforts of the New Christian Right to return government to the “Judeo-Christian values” on which they perceived the nation had been founded, driving legislation on issues such as abortion and pornography, created a palpable sense of overlap ...
Irene Barnhoorn
... draw evidence from a data set of the Correlates Of War project consisting of 152 civil wars in the period 1820-1992 and show that as support for the government in civil war increases, the hazard rate decreases, corresponding to a lengthening of the duration of civil wars (Balch-Lindsay and Enterline ...
... draw evidence from a data set of the Correlates Of War project consisting of 152 civil wars in the period 1820-1992 and show that as support for the government in civil war increases, the hazard rate decreases, corresponding to a lengthening of the duration of civil wars (Balch-Lindsay and Enterline ...
Analysing Political Discourse: Theory and Practice
... oriented linguists from a variety of backgrounds, networking broadly under the banner of Critical Discourse Analysis (for example, Mey 1985, 2001; Fairclough 1989, 1992, 1995a, 1995b; van Dijk 1984, 1987, 1993b, 1997a, 1997b, 1998, 2002; Wodak 1989, 1996, 2002; Reisigl and Wodak 2001; Blommaert and ...
... oriented linguists from a variety of backgrounds, networking broadly under the banner of Critical Discourse Analysis (for example, Mey 1985, 2001; Fairclough 1989, 1992, 1995a, 1995b; van Dijk 1984, 1987, 1993b, 1997a, 1997b, 1998, 2002; Wodak 1989, 1996, 2002; Reisigl and Wodak 2001; Blommaert and ...
somalia and somaliland: the two edged sword of
... a return to violence as a way of dealing with the political process (Bradbury et al 2003, 471). In Somaliland the absence of a central government in Mogadishu has led to the creation of decentralised, regional governments supported by traditional leaders and civil society groups that are helping to ...
... a return to violence as a way of dealing with the political process (Bradbury et al 2003, 471). In Somaliland the absence of a central government in Mogadishu has led to the creation of decentralised, regional governments supported by traditional leaders and civil society groups that are helping to ...
Understanding Street-Level Bureaucrats` Decision Making
... of others in the bureaucracy, will have an impact on how they interpret information presented in applications for disability, and consequently on how likely they are to allow or deny an applicant. Bureaucratic Attitudes and Values Bureaucrats have attitudes that influence how they implement policy th ...
... of others in the bureaucracy, will have an impact on how they interpret information presented in applications for disability, and consequently on how likely they are to allow or deny an applicant. Bureaucratic Attitudes and Values Bureaucrats have attitudes that influence how they implement policy th ...
the state of multiparty democracy in uganda - Konrad
... challenges of the political system is relevant to guide yet another decisive step in the maturation process of democracy. Much as the new multiparty dispensation is still rather young, the experiences Ugandans have with multiparty politics date back to the times shortly after independence. There hav ...
... challenges of the political system is relevant to guide yet another decisive step in the maturation process of democracy. Much as the new multiparty dispensation is still rather young, the experiences Ugandans have with multiparty politics date back to the times shortly after independence. There hav ...
now - Afrobarometer
... and developing countries around the world (Adams and Page 2004) show that remittances increase recipients’ income across a wide range of countries. Consistent with individual-level findings, aggregate analysis of remittances in sub-Saharan African countries demonstrates remittances have a povertymit ...
... and developing countries around the world (Adams and Page 2004) show that remittances increase recipients’ income across a wide range of countries. Consistent with individual-level findings, aggregate analysis of remittances in sub-Saharan African countries demonstrates remittances have a povertymit ...
Contextual Report - European Commission
... Having a clear understanding of the concept of citizenship is vital to ensure that the Europe for Citizens Programme and European Year of Citizens have sound theoretical underpinnings that anchor effective policies and practices within and across European countries. This chapter will begin with a re ...
... Having a clear understanding of the concept of citizenship is vital to ensure that the Europe for Citizens Programme and European Year of Citizens have sound theoretical underpinnings that anchor effective policies and practices within and across European countries. This chapter will begin with a re ...
Civil Society and Poverty Reduction
... may seem an insulting question. Is Sida a fit institution to work with civil society? The answer is clearly ‘yes’. (Indeed, the tradition of support for civil society, ‘people’s movements’ and poverty reduction at Sida and other Nordic development agencies suggests that the discussions here of appro ...
... may seem an insulting question. Is Sida a fit institution to work with civil society? The answer is clearly ‘yes’. (Indeed, the tradition of support for civil society, ‘people’s movements’ and poverty reduction at Sida and other Nordic development agencies suggests that the discussions here of appro ...
Non-Presidential Political Advertising in Campaign 2004
... 2004; Nesbit, 1988) and none examine gubernatorial commercials. However, political advertising is arguably more important in non-presidential than presidential races because the news lavishes most attention on the presidential contest. Political advertising, which has been shown to inform the electo ...
... 2004; Nesbit, 1988) and none examine gubernatorial commercials. However, political advertising is arguably more important in non-presidential than presidential races because the news lavishes most attention on the presidential contest. Political advertising, which has been shown to inform the electo ...
livingston_alex_james_docility_rev2
... rationalism in politics.5 This bias has been challenged in recent years, but I want to stress that James provides a novel perspective of the problems of democracy if we approach him as a political educator. His contribution is not a theoretical framework that can be applied ready-made to the problem ...
... rationalism in politics.5 This bias has been challenged in recent years, but I want to stress that James provides a novel perspective of the problems of democracy if we approach him as a political educator. His contribution is not a theoretical framework that can be applied ready-made to the problem ...
Federalism - Law Neeti
... • Ethiopia implementing ethno-linguistic federal politico-legal arrangement. • Criticized- as implementing the constitutional right of ethno-linguistic communities, with an ultimate aim of disintegrating Ethiopia. • Scholar Gamest, “adoption of Ethiopian federalism was a fundamental error because it ...
... • Ethiopia implementing ethno-linguistic federal politico-legal arrangement. • Criticized- as implementing the constitutional right of ethno-linguistic communities, with an ultimate aim of disintegrating Ethiopia. • Scholar Gamest, “adoption of Ethiopian federalism was a fundamental error because it ...
The Participation of EU citizens in the political parties of the Member
... he/she is not national the right to vote and stand as a candidate at municipal and European Parliament elections in the Member State of residence, under the same conditions as nationals of that Member State. According to Article 12 of the EC Treaty, any discrimination on grounds of nationality is pr ...
... he/she is not national the right to vote and stand as a candidate at municipal and European Parliament elections in the Member State of residence, under the same conditions as nationals of that Member State. According to Article 12 of the EC Treaty, any discrimination on grounds of nationality is pr ...
State (polity)
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leviathan_by_Thomas_Hobbes.jpg?width=300)
A state is an organized political community living under a single system of government. Speakers of American English often use state and government as synonyms, with both words referring to an organized political group that exercises authority over a particular territory. States may or may not be sovereign. For instance, federated states that are members of a federal union have only partial sovereignty, but are, nonetheless, states. Some states are subject to external sovereignty or hegemony where ultimate sovereignty lies in another state. The term ""state"" can also refer to the secular branches of government within a state, often as a manner of contrasting them with churches and civilian institutions.Many human societies have been governed by states for millennia, but many have been stateless societies. The first states arose about 5,500 years ago in conjunction with the rapid growth of urban centers, the invention of writing, and the codification of new forms of religion. Over time a variety of different forms developed, employing a variety of justifications for their existence (such as divine right, the theory of the social contract, etc.). In the 21st century the modern nation-state is the predominant form of state to which people are subject.