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DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY JAHANGIRNAGAR UNIVERSITY SAVAR, DHAKA SYLLABUS FOR THE BSS (HONS) PROGRAME ACADEMIC SESSION: 2011-12 to 2014-15 The Bachelor of Social Science (Honours) in Anthropology is a four academic years’ programme. The courses included in this syllabus have been designed with a view to ensure that the honours students in anthropology receive a thorough grounding in anthropological theory, methodology, paradigms and epistemology inclusive fundamentals of various specialized fields of the discipline, along with exposure to other human sciences. A candidate for the honours degree in anthropology shall require to complete a total of 30 courses as listed below 06 (six) in Part I, 08 (eight) in Part II, 08 (eight) in Part III and 08 (eight) in Part IV. All are full-unit courses which means that it contains 100 (one hundred) marks. In addition to the above, for each Part, 50 marks are allotted for viva voce. Thus, a candidate for the degree will be offered courses having 30 units with 3200 marks (inclusive 200 marks for viva voce). In Parts I, II, III, and IV, all the courses listed in the syllabus are compulsory. Examinations for each part will be held at the end of each academic year. Part/Year Course No. Marks Course Title Part I 1st Year Anth 101 Anth 102 Anth 103 Anth 104 Anth 105 Anth 106 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 650 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 850 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 850 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 850 Social and Cultural Anthropology Theories in Anthropology-I Other Cultures Kinship Archaeology Economy and Society Viva Voce Total Part II 2nd Year Total Part III 3rd Year Total Part IV 4th Year Total Anth 201 Anth 202 Anth 203 Anth 204 Anth 205 Anth 206 Anth 207 Anth 208 Anth 301 Anth 302 Anth 303 Anth 304 Anth 305 Anth 306 Anth 307 Anth 308 Anth 401 Anth 402 Anth 403 Anth 404 Anth 405 Anth 406 Anth 407 Anth 408 Theories in Anthropology-II Anthropological Research Methods Social Inequality Political Power and Institutions Production Systems & Their Transformations Biological Anthropology Bangladesh: History, Society and Culture Statistics and Computer Application Viva Voce Founders of Modern Social Thought Peasant Society and Culture Gender: Theories and Issues Anthropology of Development Religion and Society Political Movements and Collective Identities Language, Society and Culture Selected Ethnographic Texts Viva Voce Contemporary Theoretical Trends in Anthropology Applied Anthropology Urban Anthropology South Asian Society and Culture Medical Anthropology Environmental Anthropology Emerging Issues Dissertation Viva Voce Grand Total: 3000 + 200 (viva voce) = 3200 1 ANTH 101: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY This course will examine the emergence of anthropology as an academic discipline in its historical context. Particular emphasis will be given to the historical formation of social anthropology in Britain and cultural anthropology in the USA. The course will also examine the distinctiveness in institutionalization of ethnography in former Soviet Union and anthropology in South Asia, India in particular. The aim and scope of anthropology, its object of study, and some of its basic concepts, theories, and methods will be discussed in the light of contemporary trends in the discipline. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. What is ‘Anthropology’? Historical formation of anthropology as an academic discipline’: ‘Social Anthropology’ in Britain and ‘Cultural Anthropology’ in the USA Institutionalization of Anthropology in other parts of the world: French and German Traditions; Soviet Anthropology; South Asian Traditions The scope and object of study of anthropology Sub-fields of anthropology: ‘Four fields approach’ and beyond ‘Holism’, specialization trends and interdisciplinarity Distinctive features of social-cultural anthropology: Defining the discipline Exploring core ideas and concepts in social-cultural anthropolgy: Humanity, Culture, Society, Social structure, Identity, Ethnicity, Social Inequality: class, caste, sexuality, gender etc. Anthropological perspectives of society and culture Kinship and social organization Language and communication Subsistence and Economy: Economic Anthropology Power, Politics and Order in the societies: comparative viewpoints Religion, values, beliefs and customs in different societies Fieldwork and Methodological distinction of social-cultural anthropology Cross-cultural comparison, Emic-Etic perspectives Intensive fieldwork, participant observation Descriptive and Qualitative Method Politics of Anthropological knowledge Anthropology, European dominance and colonialism Anthropology’s self-critic/ reflexivity Applicability of anthropological knowledge in understanding contemporary issues: Applied anthropology and Development Anthropology Urban Anthropology, Medical Anthropology, Anthropology of Food, Anthropology of Law and other recent applications Anthropology in Bangladesh Reading List Alam S. M. Nurul 1988. Anthropology in Bangladesh: World Content, Main Issues, Concerns and Priorities Jahangirnagar Review, Part II Social Science. Pp. 3-100 Cheater, A.P., 1986 Social Anthropology, London, Unwin Hyman. Jalal, M. Shah 2007. Life band Works of Nikolai Mikolouho-Maclay: Founder of Empiricism in Anthropology, Journal of Anthropology, NO-12, Pp77-89. Jalal, M. Shah 2005. Formation of Anthropology as a Science of Human Being: a Theoretical Exploration in Historical Perspective. Journal of Anthropology, 12, Pp. 1-26. Kottak, C. P. 2000. Cultural Anthropology, McGraw-Hill Inc. Harris, M. 1988. Culture, People, and Nature: An Introduction to General Anthropology. Harper and Row Publishers Haviland, W. 2000. Cultural Anthropology. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, USA Lewis, I. M. 1991. Social Anthropology in Perspective. Penguin Books. Miller, Barbara, Penny Van Esterik and J. v. Esterik 2002. Cultural anthropology. Pearson Educational Publication. Canada. Nanda, S. 1996. Cultural Anthropology. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company ‡PŠayix, gvbm I †inb~gv Avn‡g` 2001, b„weÁv‡bi cÖ_g cvV, GKz‡k cÖKvkbx, XvKv| Rvjvj, Gg – kvn 2004. b„weÁvb: ÁvbZË¡xq cªm‡½ wKQy ch©‡e¶Y, b„weÁvb cwÎKv, msL¨v-9, c„ôv 1-20 2 ANTH 102: THEORIES IN ANTHROPOLOGY-I This course will review the foundation of the discipline as well as the early theoretical development in the formative period of anthropology. It will review the central thoughts that led to the emergence of social-cultural anthropology in different national contexts: in Germany and France, in Britain and in the USA. Anthropological knowledge traditions will be linked up to the making of ‘modernity’ and modern social science in Western Europe. It will explore how ideas and visions about human condition, society, and culture evolved in modern time, and how these developments gave rise to anthropological paradigms. Broader social and political contexts such as colonial and imperial orders will also be examined, A. Foundation of Anthropology as a field of knowledge: Precursors (i.e., travelers, traders, missionaries, administrators writing on society and culture before western contact) Search for the origin of human, society and culture; Scientific approach to the study of human society and culture: B. Nineteenth century Evolutionary school of thought: Biological evolution: Transformation of species and lives (Darwin and others) Social and cultural evolution: Bastian, Frazer, Spencer, E. B. Tylor, Morgan, Bachofen, McLenan, Maine, Engles and other evolutionists C. Significance of ‘migration’ and ‘diffusion’: Three ‘schools’ of ‘Diffusionism’ D. Rejection of Cultural Evolutionism: Cultural Relativism Franz Boas: Critique of Comparative Method; Historical particularism Institutionalization of American Anthropology American and German national traditions come together Cultural patterns and configurations: Kroeber. E. Functionalism and its different facets French sociology and British Social Anthropology Positivism, Empiricism and Scientific Method Impacts of Durkheim and Mauss. Functionalism and the notion of culture as a system for satisfying human needs: Malinowski Function as Structure in action; Function as network of relationship: Radcliffe-Brown Criticisms of Functionalism Reading List Asad, Talal, ed. 1973. Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter. London: Ithaca Press Barnard, Alan, 2000. History and Theory in Anthropology, Cambridge University Press Eriksen, Hylland and Nielsen, Finn. 2001. A History of Anthropology, Pluto Press, USA Harris, Marvin 1968. The Rise of Anthropological Theory. Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Row Honigmann, John J. 1976 . The Development of Anthropological Ideas. The Dorsey Press Kuper, Adam 1973. Anthropologists and Anthropology: The British Period 1992-1972, Allen Lane. Layton, R. 1998. An Introduction to Theory in Anthropology, Cambridge University Press Manners, Robert A. and David Kaplan, eds. 1968. Theory in Anthropology: A Source Book. Aldine Pub. House1997 Moore, J. D. Vision of Culture: An Introduction of Anthropological Theories and Theorists Penniman, T. K. 1974. A Hundred Years of Anthropology. William Morrow & Company Inc. R Jon McGree & Richard L. Warns, 2000. Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History, Mayfield Publishing Company, California ANTH 103: OTHER CULTURES This course is to explore and examine the concept of ‘otherness’ as a prime point of reference and critical analytical tool in the study of cultures. While the concept is predominantly related with early anthropology in general and ethnography in particular, significant efforts have also been made to challenge and re-conceptualize it. The course will examine the ways the concept of ‘other’ emerged and evolved throughout the history of anthropology by focusing on both the classical and contemporary works. It will also engage with the theories and critical literature that politically challenge the practices of ‘othering’. 3 A. Anthropological Concept of ‘Culture’, ‘Identity’ and ‘Otherness’ B. From ‘Primitive’ to ‘Other’: Journey of Anthropological Enquiries in Europe and North America C. Concept of ‘Civilization’ and its Relation with Colonialism D. Ethnography of the ‘Others’; Colonial Context of Classical Ethnographic Studies E. Otherness Across the Borders: Ethnocentrism, Westernization, Globalization, Transnationalism, Diaspora etc. F. Question of Identity Construction: Homogeneity vs Heterogeneity G. Multiple Othering Factors: Class, Gender, Race and Ethnicity H. Otherness in Local Context: ‘Khandan’, ‘Borolok’, ‘Chotolok’, ‘Meyelok’, ‘Kulin’ ‘Bangali Jati’ and their ‘Others’ I. Exploring basic methods and techniques in research Note: As part of this course, students will conduct a fieldwork on topics to be selected in consultation with the course teacher, keeping in mind questions and issues central to the course. Each student will submit a report of 2000-3000 words on the basis of their fieldwork and will be assessed on 15 marks. Reading List Ahmed, R. 1981. The Bengali Muslims 1871-1906: A Quest for identity. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Arens, J. and van Beurden, J. 1988. Jhagrapurapoor: Peasants and Women in a village in Bangladesh. Amsterdam: Arens & van Beurden. Asad, T. 1973. Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter. New York: Humanities Press. Beatie, J. 1964. Other Cultures: Aims, Methods and Achievements in Social Anthropology. London: Routledge. Clifford, J. and Marcus, G. 1990. Writing Culture: The Politics and Poetics of Ethnography. London: Oxford University Press. Macay, E. 1999. The House of Difference: Cultural Politics and National Identity in Canada. London: Routledge. Geertz, C. 1993. From the Native's Point of View: On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding. In C. Geertz. Local Knowledge, pp.55-70. London: Fonta Press. Hall, S. (ed). 1991. Representations: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: Open University Press and Sage. Jahangir, B. K. 1978. Class Struggle in Rural Bangladesh. Dhaka: Center for Social Studies Malinowski, B. 1992. Introduction. In Argonauts of the Western Pacific, pp. 1-26. London: Routledge. Marcus, G. and Fischer, M. 1988. Anthropology as Cultural Critique. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Okely, J. 1996. Own and other Culture. London: Routledge. Said, E. 1978. Orientalism. London: Routledge. Sider, G. M. 1986. Culture and Class in Anthropology and History. London: Cambridge University Press. Woodward, K. 1997. Identity and Differences. London: Open University Press. †PŠayix, gvbm I †inb~gv Avn‡g` (2003), b„weÁv‡bi cÖ_g cvV, XvKv: GKz‡k cÖKvkbx| Anth 104: Kinship For more than a century, kinship studies have remained a major research field in social and cultural anthropology. One of the reasons for this focus is that historically anthropologists have been mainly concerned with the study of ‘traditional’ societies where kinship was thought to play a central role in social life. At the same time, family ties constitute one of the most basic areas of social life in all societies, regardless the level of their socioeconomic development. Given this significance, this course will provide an overview of the theories, concepts and typologies developed by anthropologists in the context of kinship studies. However, attention will also be given to the broader question of how kinship operates in more complex and changing societies. A. Introduction to the study of Kinship Understanding Kinship: social-cultural construction vs. biological relationships 4 Key concepts in Kinship studies Significance of kinship studies B. Historical overview of kinship studies The beginning of kinship studies in anthropology in the 19th century: Evolutionist thought Kinship in the first half of the 20th century: Structuralist-functionalist’s contribution Trends in kinship studies since the 1960s: Structuralist, Neo-Marxist and Feminist thought C. Kinship and Descent Definition: Descent, Lineage etc Types of Descent: Patrilineal, Matrilineal, double, Bilateral Descent in ‘simple’ and ‘complex’ Societies D. Marriage Problems of defining marriage or describing its functions universally Incest taboo Marriage transactions Patterns of post material residences E. Family and Household Diversity: Changing patterns over time Meaning of Family and Household Historical changes in families Various forms of family/household: Nuclear, Joint, Extended, Single person. Composition and dynamics of different kinds of household Parenthood, household and family: rethinking these concepts looking at the contemporary society F. Kinship in Bangladesh: Kinship among the Bengali Muslims, Bengali Hindus and nonBengali People; Recent changes in dowry, family and marriage in both rural and urban contexts Reading List Aziz, A 1979. Kinship in Bangladesh. ICDDRB Monograph Series, No.1. Dhaka:ICDDRB. Berreman, G.D 1975. Himalayan polyandry and the domestic cycle. American Ethnologist, 2: 127–138. Collier, J. F , Yanagisako, S. J ed 1992. Gender and Kinship: Essays Toward a Unified Analysis. California: Stanford University Press. Introduction, Toward a Unified Analysis of Gender and Kinship. Page: 1-52. Engles, F 1972 [1891] The Origin of the Family, Property and the State. Moscow: Foreign Language Publishing. Fox, R 1985. Kinship and Marriage. Viking Penguin. Goody, J and Tambiah, S.T 1973. Bride wealth and Dowry. Cambridge University Press. Harris, O 1981. Households as Natural Units In Wolkwitz, Young and McCormack eds Of Marriage and the Market. London. Holy, Ladislav 1996. Anthropological perspectives on kinship. Chicago: Pluto press. Keesing, R. M 1975. Kin Groups and Social Structure. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Nanda, Serena 1987. Cultural Anthropology (3rd Edition). Wadsworth Publishing Company. Parkin, R 1997. Kinship: An Introduction to the Basic Concepts. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Parkin, R and Linda, S 2004. Kinship and Family: An Anthropological Reader Rapp, Rayna 1987. Toward a Nuclear Freeze? The Gender Politics of Euro-American Kinship Analysis In Collier, J. F , Yanagisako, S. J ed 1992. Gender and Kinship: Essays Toward a Unified Analysis. California: Stanford University Press. Page: 119-131. Rozario, Santi 2001. Purity and Communal Boundaries: Women and Social Change in a Bangladeshi Village. Dhaka: The University Press Limited. (Selected Chapters) Sharma, Ursula 1999. Dowry in North India: Its Consequences for Women in Uberoi, Patricia [ed] Family, Kinship and Marriage. New Delhi: Oxford University. Stack, Carol. B 1974. All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community. New York and London: Harper and Row Publishers. Chapter 5 and Chapter 6. Pp: 62-107. Standing, Hilary 1991. Dependence and Autonomy: Women’s Employment and the Family. Routledge. Stone, L 1997 Kinship and Gender: An Introduction. London: Westview Press, (selected chapters). Stone, Linda (2001) eds New Directions in Anthropological Kinship. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Chapter 7, 8, 13. Whitehead, A 1981 “I am hungry mum” In Of Marriage and the Market. London : Routledge. White, Sarah 1992 Arguing with the Crocodile: Gender and Class in Bangladesh. Dhaka: The University Press Limited. (Selected Chapters). Avn‡g`, †inbygv Ges †PŠayix, gvbm 2003. b„weÁv‡bi cÖ_g cvV : mgvR I ms¯ ‹…wZ| XvKv : GKz‡k cvewj‡KkÝ| Beªvwng, bxwjgv 2007. Avwg exiv½bv ejwQ| XvKv: RvM„wZ cÖKvkbx| 5 Bmjvg, dviRvbv 2006 bMi `vwi‡`ª¨i †cÖ¶vc‡U M„n¯ ’vwj cÖZ¨q: wj½xq `„wófw½| f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek Rvbv©vj, msL¨v:5| Imgvb, eyjeb Abyevw`Z I m¤úvw`Z 2000. Avw`g mgvR, g~j: jyBm †nbwi gM©vb| XvKv: Aemi cÖKvk| †PŠayix, gvbm Ges Avn‡g`, †inbygv 1997. wj½, †kªYx Ges Abyev‡`i ¶gZv: ev½vjx gymjgvb ga¨weË cwievi I we‡q| mgvR wbix¶Y (63)| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq: mgvR wbix¶Y †K›`ª| c„ôv: 133| mygb, gvngy`yj 2003. M„n¯ ’vwji cÖPwjZ cÖZ¨qb: bvixi Aa¯ —bZv AbyavebK‡í cÖZ¨qMZ mxgve×Zv DׄZ Gm. Gg b~i“j Avjg m¤úvw`Z mgvR, kixi I cwi‡ek| Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq: b„weÁvb wefvM| ANTH 105: ARCHAEOLOGY This course will expose students to a major field of anthropology: archaeology. It will explore the prehistory and course of human cultural change based on archaeological record. Archaeology is the study of past cultures and societies through their material remains. It will explore different varieties of archaeology and examine theory, methods, and techniques for investigating, reconstructing, interpreting, preserving, and ultimately learning from the past. The course will briefly review human cultural chronology from the time of first people, the earliest Palaeolithic ages, to the present, and deal with not only the artifacts remains but also important social, economic, and even ideological questions, such as those on the origins of food productions, cultural and social development and steps towards civilization. A. Why study archaeology? Definition and goals of archaeology. Kinds of archaeology: Multidisciplinary nature. Relationship between anthropology and archaeology. History of archaeological thought: The origins of archaeology the emergence of modern archaeology, and different theoretical approaches to archaeological studies. Basic concepts: Archaeological records, Archaeological sites, Site formation processes, Archaeological context, Stratigraphy, Culture. B. Archaeological Exploration: Pre-survey research, different types of survey, Recording. C. Archaeological Excavation: Permission, Funding and the law, Staff, Mapping, Methods of excavation, Recording archaeological excavation. D. Post-fieldwork: Planning, processing and finds analysis; Dating the Past: Chronological methods, Interpreting the evidence, Publication, Conservation and museum display. E. Human Prehistory: Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic culture. F. Archaeological Practice: Bangladesh context. Archaeological sites in Bangladesh: Chaklapunji (Prehistoric sites), Mahastangarh, WariBhateshwar, Lalmai-Mainamati. Note: As part of this course, students will be exposed to archaeological sites in Bangladesh. Based upon this field visit, students will prepare a report, which will cover 10 marks as tutorial. Reading List Ashmore, Wendy and Robert J. Sharer 2000. Discovering Our Past: A Brief Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield Publishing Company: California. Barker, Philip 1977. Techniques of Archaeological Excavation. B. T. Batsford Ltd.: London. Banning, E. B. 2002. Archaeological Surveying. Kluwer Academic Publishers: New York. Binford L. R.1962. Archaeology as Anthropology. in American Antiquity 28:217-225. Binford, L. R. 1972. An Archaeological Perspective. Seminar Press: London. Bahn , P. & Colin Renfrew 2008. Archaeology: Theories, methods and Practice. Thames & Hudson: New York. Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn 2005. Archaeology: The Key Concepts. Routledge: London. Drewett, L. Peter 1999. Field Archaeology: An Introduction. UCL Press Ltd.: London. Fagan, Brian 2001. In the Beginning: An Introduction to Archaeological Practice. Hall Upper Saddle River: New Jersey. Gamble, Clive 2001. Archaeology: The Basics. Routledge: London. Hester, R. Thomas, Shafer J. Harry & Feder L. Kenneth 1997. Field Methods in Archaeology. Mayfield Publishing Company: California. Hole, Frank & R. F. Heizer 1973. An Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology. Hold, Rinehast & Winston Inc.: New York. 6 Joukowsky, Martha 1980. A Complete Manual of Field Archaeology: Tools and Techniques of Field Work for Archaeologists. Prentice Hall Press: New York. Knudson, S. J. 1978. Culture in Retrospect: An Introduction to Archaeology. Waveland Press Inc.: Illinois. Price, T. Douglas, and Gary M. Feinman 2000. Images of the Past. Mayfield Publishing Company: California. Roy J. S. 2009. Location of Prehistoric Archaeological Records of Lalmai Hills: Some Observation on Distribution Patterns in PRATNTATTA, Vol. 15, pp. 1-9, Journal of the Department of Archaeology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Roy J. S. and S. M. K. Ahsan 2000. A Study of Prehistoric Tools on Fossil Wood from Chaklapunji, Habiganj. in PRATNATATTVA 6: 21-32, Journal of the Department of Archaeology, Jahangirnagar University. Trigger, Bruce G 1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. ANTH 106: ECONOMY AND SOCIETY The course will introduce the basic concepts and theories of economics both neo-classical and Marxian. A discussion on the socio-economic milieu of the emergence of economics as one of the important social sciences will be highlighted. The emphasis of the course will be on how different concepts of economics help to understand the functions of pre-industrial and postindustrial economics of the world. A. The development of economics as a field of knowledge: Science of economics as construction of Western views and values. B. Relationship between economics and anthropology: dialogue between economists and anthropologists; C. Economics and the rise of market and its impact on the society: The Classical and neoclassical economics; D. Basic problems of economic organization; market and government in modern economy: Concepts of micro and macro economics; demand, supply, consumption, investment, exchange and distribution; theory of demand and market E. Types of economy: Capitalism, Mixed and Command economy F. Marxian Economics: Concepts and theories. G. Economic development: different theories of economic development; problems of development; H. Contemporary economic issues trade liberalization: structural adjustment; free market economy; population problem; human resource development; micro credit capability and entitlement. Reading List Backhouse, R E., 2002. The Penguin History of Economics. Penguin Books Paul Samulson, Economics: An Introductory Analysis, 1992, Mcgraw-Hill Daniel R. F 1966, The Age of the Economist: The Development of Modern Economic Thought, Scott, Foreman and Company Galbraith, K.G , 1977. The Age of Uncertainty, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston Joan Robinson, 1964 Economic Philosophy: An Essay on the Progress of Economic Though. Anchor Books Robert Freedman (Ed) 1961. Marx on Economics, Harvest Books, Sen, Amartya 1995. Development and Freedom ANTH 201: THEORIES IN ANTHROPOLOGY-II In the complex politico-historical contexts around the World War II, social science thinking experienced significant transformation; anthropological thoughts also went through remarkable shifts. This is the phase that will form central theme of this course. Students wil become familiar with the major thought streams that arose at the new juncture. The course will examine how older paradigms were reclaimed and reformulated and alternatives were searched. Discussion will be extended to explore the refined frameworks that came to the fore as theoreticians encountered new challenges in the sixth and seventh decades of Twentieth century. A. Tends in American Cultural Anthropology in 40s and 50s of Twentieth century 7 Culture and Personality School: Benedict, Mead. B. Neo-Evolutionist Schools: Multilinear and Universalist approach: White, Steward, Service and Sahlins Cultural materialism: Marvin Harris C. Shifts in Structural-functionalist paradigm Re-examining functionalism and moving forward: Gluckman, Leach. Manchester School D. Structuralism in France Development in French Anthropology: Impact of Saussure Search for abstract principles Levi-Strauss, his work and new turn in Anthropology E. Marxism and Anthropology Structural Marxism: Althusser, Godelier, Meilleaussoux, Terray and others F. Symbolic anthropology: Interpretation and the significance of ‘meaning’: Geertz Rite de Passage and social action: Turner Purity and Danger: Douglas Interpretative anthropology and hermeneutics Culture as a text: Reading List Eriksen, Hylland and Nielsen, Finn 2001. A History of Anthropology, USA: Pluto Press Barnard, Alan 2000. History and Theory in Anthropology, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press Benedict, R., 1957. Patterns of Culture, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company Boston. Bloch, M., 1983. Marxism and Anthropology: The History of a Relationship, New York: Oxord University Press., Douglas, M., 1966. Purity and Danger: An analysis of the concepts of pollution and taboo, NY: Routledge Douglas, M., 1996. Natural Symbols: Exploration in Cosmology, London: Routledge Geertz, C., 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books Gluckman, M., 1955. Custom and Conflict in Africa, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Godelier, M., 1975. Mode of Production, kinship and demographic structure. In M. Block ed., Marxist analyses and social anthropology, London: Malaby. Pp. 3-27. Godelier, M., 1977. Perspectives in Marxist anthropology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Godelier, M., 1986. The Mental and the Material, New York: Verso. Harris, M., 1968. The Rise of Anthropological Theory Vol. 2. New York: Harper & Row Harris, M., 1979. Cultural Materialism, New York: Vintage Books Layton, Robert., 1997. An Introduction to theory in Anthropology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Leach, E.R., 1954. Political systems of Highland Burma, London: Athlone Leach, E.R., 1961. Rethinking anthropology, London: Althlone Levi-Strauss, C., 1962. Structural Anthropology, New York: Basic Books Levi-Strauss, C., 1978. Myth and Meaning, Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd. Mead, Margaret 1928 Coming of age in Samoa,USA:Wiliam Morrow & Company. Meillassoux, C., 1975 Maidens, Meal and Money: Capitalism and the Domestic Community, Cambridge University Press. Moore, Jerry 1997. Vision of Culture: An Introduction of Anthropological Theries and Theorists, Sage publication. Ortner, Sherry 1984. Theory in Anthropology since the Sixties, in Comparative Studies. In Society and History 26(1): 126-166 Service and Shalins 1960. Evolution of Culture, The University of Michigan Press. Shalins,M., 1976. Culture and Practical Reason, The Chicago University and London of Chicago Press. Sahlins, M., 1976. Culture and Practical Reason, Chicago: Chicago University Press Terray. E., 1972. Marxism and primitive societies, Trans. M. Klopper, NewYork: Monthly Review Press. Turner, V., 1967. The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Rituals, Ithaca: Cornell University Press ‡PŠayix. dR‡j nvmvb 2003, b„weÁv‡bi c¨vivWvBg, iƒcvš—‡ii aviv, XvKv: Bbw÷wUDU Ae A¨vc-v‡qW G¨vb‡_ªvcjwR ANTH 202: ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS The aim of this course is to address methodological, ethical and political aspects of anthropological research. Initially, this course will address the epistemological foundation as well as ontological significance of research. Questions as to what is methodology, the relationship between theories and methods in research, and what constitutes a research problem, will also be discussed. Next, given the importance of fieldwork in anthropological research, 8 various techniques of ethnographic fieldwork (participant observation, key informant interview, case study, life history etc.) will be critically examined. Finally, ethical and political issues surrounding ethnographic research will also be addressed in some detail. A. Social research: History; Methodological domain; Elements of research methodology; Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Main features & differences B. Tools of data Collection: Census; Survey; Participant observation; Case study; Collection of life history; Key informant interview; Local history; Oral history; Group discussion; Mapping C. Issues in participant observation: Extent of participation; Participant or partisan observation? Problems of participation: Ethical and political Issues; Role conflicts D. Reflections on fieldwork: Discussion on field experiences of different anthropologists E. Practical aspects of research: Preparation of research proposals; Organization and management of field notes; Preparation of questionnaires; transferring data from questionnaires to m aster sheets; Compilation and presentation of qualitative data Note: The 'tutorial' marks for this course will be divided between class tests (10 marks) and practical fieldwork-related exercises (10 marks). Reading List Bernard, H. R., 1994. Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, Altamira Press Freilich, Morris, ed., 1977. Marginal Natives at Work. Anthropologists in the Field. Schenkman Publishing Company Hammersley, M., 1992. What's Wrong with Ethnography? Methodological Explorations. Routledge Hussain, Akbar 2001. Field: View of Researchers & Evaluation of Readers (in Bengali), Rev. Anthropology, 3:6-17 McCall, G. J. and J. L. Simmons, eds., 1987. Issues in Participant Observation. A Text and Reader. Addison: Wesley Pelto, P. J. & G. H. Pelto 1989. Anthropological Research: The Structure of Enquiry, Cambridge University Press Punch, Maurice 1986. The Politics and Ethics of Fieldwork, Applied Social Research Methods Series, Vol 9. Sage Sarantakos, S., 1993. Social Research, Macmillan Spradley, James P., 1981. Participant Observation, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Spradley, James P., 1979. The Ethnographic Intervie,. Holt, Rinehart and Winston Thomas, Jim 1993. Doing Critical Ethnography. Qualitative Research Methods Series, No 26. Sage Publications Wolcott, Harry F. (….) Writing up Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research Methods Series, No. 20. Sage Alam, S. M. Nurul 2000. Nativizing Anthropology: Trends in Anthropological Fieldwork. In S. M. Nurul Alam ed., Contemporary Anthropology, JU and UPL: Dhaka ‡nv‡mb, AvKevi (1998), gvVKg©: mgKvjxb cÖkœ, b„weÁvb cwÎKv, msL¨v-4. ANTH 203: SOCIAL INEQUALITY This course will examine different types of inequality: class, gender, caste, race, ethnicity, and others. It will focus on general conceptual theoretical issues as well as the practices in specific social and historical contexts. It will also explore the complex ways in which between different forms of inequality intersect. Starting with the classic and path-breaking class theory of Marxism, it will shed light on the advancements made by Weber and the challenges posed by Gramsci. Major schools of feminist thought would also be discussed in the next phase. Classical and contemporary understanding of the forms of inequality based on caste and race will be assessed in detail. Issues such as consumerism and ethnicity-nationality continuum will also be examined. Special attention will be given to substantiate the theoretical understanding at empirical level. Some engagement in the field can also be arranged where situations allow. A. Concepts, Theories and Typologies of Social Inequality B. Conceptualizing Race, Color and Caste C. Class – Concepts and theories: Marx: Historical Materialism, Capitalism and Class struggle Max Weber: Class and Status 9 Gramscian explanation of Class, Civil Society and Hegemony Class Struggle and Movements in Different Situations D. Sexual division and gender inequality Feminisms and Women’s Movements in North and Global South E. Caste: Theorizing work and descent based hierarchy Experiences of Caste in Sub-continental Societies F. Social Stratification and hierarchy from evolutionary perspective From hunting gathering society to post-industrial complex societies Age, status and political order G. Kinship and intra-household inequality H. Nation state and its others: ethnic minorities, religious and sectoral minorities, the question of ‘indigenousness’ and others I. Consumer Culture and New Forms of Social Stratification Reading List Banton, M. 1977. The Idea of Race. Tavistock. Berreman, G. D. (ed.) 1978. Social Inequality: Comparative and Developmental Approaches. New York: Academic Press. Dumont, L. 1980 [1966]. Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste Systems and its Implications. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Forgas, D. (ed.) 1999. Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings 1916–1935. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Fuller, C. J. 1996. Caste Today. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Gramsci, A. 1973. Selections from Prison Notebooks. [trans. and ed. by Q. Hoare and G. Nowell-Smith]. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Giddens, A. 1972. The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies. London: Hutchinson. Gupta, D. (ed.) 1991. Social Stratification. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Hurst, Charles E. 2007. Social Inequality: Forms, causes and consequences. Bosotn: Allyn and Bacon. Marger, M. 2007. Social Inequality: Patterns and Processes. New York: McGraw Hill. Marx, K. 1977 [1859]. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Moscow: Progress Publishers. Marx, K. and Engels, F. 1988 [1848]. The Communist Manifesto. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Philips, A. (ed.) 1987. Feminism and Equality. Basil Blackwell Ltd. Rosaldo, M. Z. and Lamphere, L. (eds.) 1974. Women, Culture and Society. Stanford University Press. Kuhn, A. and Wolpe, A. 1978 Feminism and Materialism. Women and Modes of Production. London: RKP. Moore, Henrietta L. 1988. Feminism and Anthropology. Polity Press. Reiter, R. (ed.) 1975 Towards an Anthropology of Women. Monthly Review Press. Sider, Gerald M. 1986. Culture and Class in Anthropology and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Srinivas, M. N. 1972. The Dominant Caste and Other Essays. Delhi: Oxford University Press Weber, M. 1949. The Methodology of the Social Sciences. New York: Free Press. ¸nVvKziZv, †gNbv, myivBqv †eMg I nvwmbv Avn‡g`, m¤úvw`Z (1997) bvix: cÖwZwbwaZ¡ I ivRbxwZ, XvKv: mgvR wbix¶Y †K›`ª| ¸ji“L, mvqw`qv I gvbm †PŠayix (2000) KZ©vi msmvi: bvixev`x iPbv m¼jb, XvKv: iƒcvš—i cÖKvkbv| ¸ji“L, mvqw`qv I gvbm †PŠayix (1999) Ò†hŠbZv I bvixgyw³ cÖm½,Ó mgvR wbix¶Y, msL¨v 74, XvKv: mgvR wbix¶Y †K›`ª| ANTH 204: POLITICAL POWER AND INSTITUTIONS This course will explain politics and power from anthropological perspectives. First section will delineate the field of political anthropology as it was practiced roughly throughout the 1960s. It will show how anthropologists at that time were primarily concerned with politics in so called primitive societies, with institutions of rule in societies in which the state seemed absent. The section will also focus historical emergence and evolution of state. Second section will examine both "formal" politics and everyday forms of power, domination, authority, faction and resistance at local, national and global contexts. 10 A. Introduction to Political Anthropology: Anthropology and its relationship with power and politics, political Anthropology: Persons, issues and paradigms, scope of Political anthropology Different approaches in Political anthropology. B. State and Political Anthropology: Types of Pre-industrial state The evolution of state Anthropological theory of the state Emergence of economic and Political hierarchies, social stratification and power. C. Power and Institution Power structure: Local and National level, Linkages between local and national power structure, other characteristics of state power, community power structure, Individual in the political arena. D. The political anthropology and colonialism: The relation between colonialism and political anthropology The domination of colonial power Analysis of colonial process as an object. E. Factionalism and Specialized Institution: Factions, Basis of Factionalism, Factions and local politics, anthropological approach to the study of Factions, horizontal and vertical alignment, Factions and local politics, Specialized local institutions, Relationship between person in specialized structures, equal and unequal relationship. F. From macro-structure to micro-process: anthropological analysis of political practice, Getting at structure through events, Politics as the activity of political men, the autonomy of the political field and its symbolic practices, Indigenous strategies of power. G. Power and Institutions in Bangladesh: Power Structures at Local and National Levels, Linkages between local and National Power Structures, Factions and Local Politics, Development project as political issues. H. Political changes in Contemporary Developing Countries: Politics and power in an age of "globalization", questioning identity, state, political action and emphasizing the ways ethnographically grounded anthropological research can shift from the micro-level to illuminate large-scale, national, transnational and global processes. Reading List Alam, S. M. Nurul 1986. A New Look at the Dynamics of Social and Political Structure in Rural Bangladesh. Asian Profile, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 155-64. Alavi, Hamza 1973. The State in Post-Colonial Societies: Pakistan and Bangladesh. In K. Gough and H. K. Sharma, eds., Imperalism and Revolution in South AsiA, Monthly Review Press Balandier, Gorges 1970. Political Anthropology, Allen Lane, The Penguin Press Bertocci, Peter J., 1972. Rural Communities in Bangladesh: Hazipur and Tinpara. In Clarence Maloney, ed., South Asia: Seven Community Profiles, Holt Rinehart and Winston Publishers pp. 81-130. Carneiro, Robert L., 1970. A Theory of the Origin of the State. Science, Vol. 169, pp. 733-38. Cohen, Ronald and Elman R. Service, ed., 1978. Origin of the State, Institute of Human Issues Fried, Morton H., 1967. The Evolution of Political Society, New York: Random House Fortes,M & Pritchard. Evans 1958. African Political System, London.Oxford university press. Gledhill, John 1994. Power and Its Disguises: Anthropological Perspectives on Politics, London: Pluto Press Hussain, M. Akbar 1993. Rural Power Structure: Sources of Power, Journal of Anthropology, 3:93-112 Leach, E.R., 1977. Political Systems Of Highland Burma, Athlone Press. London Lewellen, Ted C., 1983. Political Anthropology. An Introduction, Bergin and Garvey Publishers. Nicholas, Ralph W., 1975. Factions. A Comparative Analysis. In Michael Banton, ed., Political Systems and the Distribution of Power, Tavistock Publications, pp. 21-61. 11 Westgarrad, Kristan 1978. The State: A Review of Some Theoretical Issues, Journal of Social Studies, No. 13. ANTH 205: PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION The broad thrust of this course is to examine some of the core assumptions of classical/ neoclassical economics by discussing and analyzing economic behavior from a socio-historical perspective. This course will critically assess the relationship between economy and society through the lenses of a number of different theoretical approaches available and practiced in anthropology. The relative merits of these explanatory paradigms will be reviewed. A. Anthropology and Economics History of Economic anthropology as a sub-discipline of anthropology; Concepts in Economic Anthropology (i.e. Production, consumption, gift and social integration, reciprocity, redistribution, house-holding and market exchange) Types of economies: Hunting-Gathering societies, pastoralism, horticulture/ shifting cultivation, peasantry and peasant society Ecology and political economy of ‘Jhum’ cultivation in Chittagong Hill Tract, Bangladesh B. Theoretical debates i) The Formalist and Substantivist debate of the 1950s and 1960s: Examining the positions of Malinowski, Polanyi, Herskovits, Firth, Goodfellow, Dalton and Sahlins. ii) Marxist School of economic anthropology in the 1970s: Introduction to Marxism; Marxism and anthropology; Mode of production as an explanatory paradigm of economic system; the revisionist interpretations of Marxism in anthropology by the French Structural-Marxist school: examining the works of Althusser, Godelier, Maillassoux, Terray. iii) Transformation of non-western economies in the context of colonialism; Dependency school. World-systems theory; Colonial Mode of production, examining the works of Frank, Wallertstine, Alavi, Amin, Wolf and others. iv) Political Economy / Cultural Marxism: examining the cultural resource; the issue of articulation of the modes of production: Nash, Taussig, Hopkins etc C. Family, household, gender and economics Households as natural units; Production and reproduction; Unpaid work: housework, child rearing, care-work; Informal Economy and cheap labor; Internationalization of factory production, Feminization of poverty D. Globalism and Culture Globalization, consumerism and the condition of “global field”; globalization and the future of Political Community; the question of cultural identity: Appadurai, Harevey, Ritzer, Robertson, Hall and others Reading List Appadurai, A. (ed.) 1986. The Social life of things: Commodities in cultural perspective. Cambridge University Press. Appadurai, A., 1991. Global Ethnoscapes: Notes and Queries for a Transnational Anthropology. In Richard G. Fox ed., Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present, School of American Research Press. Asad, T., 1987. ‘Are there Histories of Peoples Without Europe?’ Comparative Studies in Society & History, 29:3. Bardhan, P., ed., 1989. Conversations between Economists and Anthropologists. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Bloch, Maurice 1976. Economic Anthropology. In David E. Hunter and Philip Whitten ed., Encyclopedia of Anthropology, New York: Harper and Row Publishers Bloch, Maurice 1982. Marxism and Anthropology, Oxford: Clarendon Press 12 Bohannan, Paul 1967. The Impact of Money on African Subsistence Economy. In George Dalton ed., Tribal and Peasant Economies: Readings in Economic Anthropology, Texas: University of Texas Press, pp.123-135, Clammer, John ed., 1987. Beyond the New Economic Anthropology, The Macmillan Press Ltd. Cook, Scott 1973. Economic Anthropology: Problems in Theory, Method and Analysis. In J.J. Honigman ed., Handbook of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Chicago: Rand McNally. Dalton, George 1961. Economic Theory and Primitive Society, American Anthropologist, vol. 63, 1-25. Dalton, George 1965. Primitive Money, American Anthropologist, Vol. 65:64-5. Dalton, George 1965. Tribal and Peasant Economies: Readings in Economic Anthropology, Current Anthropology, 10: 63-102. Dalton, George 1968. Theoretical Issues in Economic Anthropology, Current Anthropology, 10,1,63-102. Dalton, George 1968. Primitive, Archaic and Modern Economies: Essays of Karl Polanyi, NY: Anchor Douglas, Mary and Forde, Daryll 1967. Primitive Economics.In George Dalton ed., Tribal and Peasant Economies: Readings in the Economic Anthropology, University of Texas Press, Pp13-28 Firth, Raymond 1939. Primitive Polynesian Economy, London: Routledge Firth, Raymond 1968. ‘The Sociological Framework of Economic Organization. In E. E. Leclair and H. Schneider ed., Economic Anthropology-Reading in Theory and Analysis Holt Rinehart and Winston, Pp 55-65 Frank, Andre Gunder 1966. Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America, NY: Monthly Review Press Godelier, Maurice 1977. Perspectives in Marxist Anthropology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Godelier, Maurice 1978. Infrastructures, Societies and History, Current Anthropology, Vol.19:763-71. Godelier, Maurice 1978. Object and Method of Economic Anthropology. In D. Seddon ed., Relations of Productions, London: Frank Cass Gudeman, Stephen 1986. Economics as Culture: Models and Metaphors of livelihood , London: Routedge and Kegan Paul Halperin, Rhoda H., 1988. Economics Across Culture, Macmillan Press. Herskovits, Melville 1952. Economic Anthropology , New York: Knopf Hussain, Azfar 2008. The World in Question: Essays in Political Economy and Cultural Politics, Dhaka : Samhati Publications Hussain, M. Akbar 2006. The Study of the Fishers and Fishing Community: Perspectives from Anthropology, Jahangirnagar Review (Social Science), 29:97-107 Hussain, M. Akbar 2008. Anthropology of Fishing, Tsukuba: JSPS-UT Hussain, M. Akbar 2002. Fishing in a Coastal Zone in Bangladesh: Perspectives of Economic Anthropology, Jahangirnagar Economic Review, 13(1): 31-44 Kearney, Michael 1996. Re-conceptualizing Peasantry: anthropology in global perspective, Westview Press. LeClair, Edward and Harold K. Schneider 1967. Economic Anthropology: Readings in Theory and Analysis, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Mauss, M., I954. The gift: forms and functions of exchange in archaic societies (trans.), Glencoe: The Free Press. McGrew, Anthony 1992. A Global Society?. In Stuart Hall, David Held, and Tony Mc Grew. ed., Modernity and Its Futures, Polity Press in association with the Open University. Meillassoux, Claude 1981. Maidens, Meal and Money: Capitalism and the Domestic Community, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Nash, Manning 1967. Primitive and Peasant Economic Systems, San Francisco: Chandler Narotzsly, Susan 1997. The New Directions in Economic Anthropology, Chicago: Pluto Press Ortiz, Sutti ed., 1983. Economic Anthropology: Topics and Theories. Monographs in Economic Anthropology, no. 1.Lanham, Md.: University Press of America for the Society for Economic Anthropology, University Press of America. Plattner, Stuart 1974. Formal Models and Formalist Economic Anthropology: The Problem of Maximization, Reviews in Anthropology 1: 572-82. Polanyi, Karl 1957. The Economy as Instituted Process. In K. Polanyi, C.W. Arensberg, and H.W. Pearson ed., Trade and Market in the Early Empires, New york: Free Press. Polanyi, Karl 1994. The Great Transformation: the Political and Economics Origins of Our Time, Boston, MA: Beacon Press. Rahman S., 2009. A brief overview of the theories of globalization, In the Journal of Social Science ,Vol 121. Robertson, Roland 1992. Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture, Sage Publications. Sahlins, Marshal 1965. Tribesman, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall. Sahlins, Marshal 1966. ‘Economic Anthropology and Anthropological Economics, Social Science Information, 8,5:13-33. Sahlins, Marshal 1972. Stone Age Economics, Chicago: Aldine Salisbury, R., 1969. Formal Analysis in Anthropological Economics, the Rossel Island Case. In I. Buchler and H. Nutini ed., Game Theory in the Behavioral Sciences, Pittsburgh University Press Terray, E., 1972. Marxism and ‘Primitive’ Societies, New York: Monthly Review Press Wallerstein, I., 1974. The Modern World System, New York: Academic Press. Wolf, Eric 1966. Peasants, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall. 13 Wolf, Eric 1982. Europe and the People without History, Berkley: University of California Press. Young, Kate; Wolkowitz, Carol; McCullagh, Rosyln ed.,. 1981. Of Marriage and Market, Women’s Subordination in International Perspective. London: CSE Books wÎcyiv, cªkvš— I Aeš—x nvi“b 2003. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g RygPvl, XvKv: †mW DwÏb, †gvnv¤§` bvwmi 2006. A_©bxwZ kv‡¯ ¿i AvwacZ¨ I b„weÁvb, b„weÁvb cwÎKv, msL¨v 11| ANTH 206: BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY This course will expose students to Biological Anthropology as a major sub-field of Anthropology. It will explore the history of Biological Anthropology as well as the central concerns of this sub-discipline with an aim to help students to understand its relationship to other sub-disciplines of Anthropology. The course will make effort to examine the central conceptual issues that have been thought to be relevant for studying human beings biologically. It will also shed light on the critics that have developed so far regarding these concepts. A. History and emergence of Biological Anthropology as one of the main sub-fields of anthropology. B. Scope and subdivisions of Biological Anthropology: C. Human Variation: Biological Variation in Modern Homo Sapiens, Debate and controversy of studying Race. D. Evolution and variation. Evolutionary record: Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens. Genetics and Evolution, Factors of human evolution: Natural selection, Mutation, Genetic Drift and Gene flow. E. Primate in Biological Anthropology Primate behavior; Primatological research: living primates, models for human behavior. Darwinism, Anti-Darwinism, Sociobiology, etc. F. Recent Critiques on the study of Biological Anthropology: Critique of evolutionism. “Man the Hunter’ vs ‘Women the gatherer’ debate: Critique of the male bias in reconstruction the evolutionary analysis of human. Critique to the naturalizing sexual division of labor in Primatology. ‘Biology’ vs. ‘Culture’ debate Social analysis of Science and the question around the notion of ‘Biological Human’. Reading List Burnouw, V., 1989 Physical Anthropology & Archaeology (4th ed.), The Dorsey Press, Georgetown, Ontarid. Das, B. M., 1996. Outlines of Physical Anthropology, Kolkata. Dahlberg, F., 1981. Women The Gatherer,Yale University Press, New Haven and London. Dubois 1944. Man Adapting., University of Minnesota Press, Minnesota. Hakinson, N and Nelson, J., 1996. Feminism, Science, and the Philosophy of Science, London: Kluwer Publication. Haraway Donna J., 1989. Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science, Routledge Kennedy G. E., 1980. Paleo Anthropology, McGraw-Hill, New York. Kottak, C. Phillip 1997. Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity, McGraw Hill, New York. Nelson Harry and Jurmain Robert 1988. Introduction to Physical Anthropology, West Publishing Company, St.Paul, New York, LA and SF Reiter, R. R., 1975. Toward an Anthropology of Women, Monthly Review Press, New York and London. Skybreak, A., 1984. Of Primeval Steps & Future Leaps, Banner Press, Chicago. Stokings, G. W., ed., 1988. Bones, Bodies, Behavior: Essays on Biological Anthropology, UK: Wisconsin University Press Turner, V., 1989. Physical Anthropology and Archeology, Wadsworth Publishing Co, London. ANTH 207: BANGLADESH: HISTORY, SOCIETY AND CULTURE This course will examine, within a broad historical scope, the emergence and the changes of social and cultural characteristics of the people in this region. Instead of treating colonialism as evil or demolishing, this course will consider colonialism in its constitutive feature/ effect; also it 14 will re-examine the claim of the glorious past; such discussions would provide scope for a better understanding of present Bangladeshi society and culture. Theories and concepts from anthropology as well as other disciplines will be combined in an attempt to explore the interrelationships of diverse factors that have shaped the course of history. A. Meanings of history and different approaches in the study and writing of history The concepts of society and culture and their relationships to the concept of History. B. Posing the problem of historiography: New approach in understanding History. Locating the Subalterns as unheard voice on history. C. Prehistory and ancient history of the region: A monolithic claim of eternal culture: Linguistic, ethnic, territorial and racial past of Bengal: Construction of Abohoman Bangla or Hajar Bochorer Bangla: Politics of claiming the past Claim of blood: Aryan-Non-Aryan debate. Claim of land: Locating the territory of Sonar Bangla Claim of religion: Early Hindu and Buddhist Dynasties, Rise of Islam Claim of Caste: Varna¸ Purity-impurity D. Colonialism and the community: Community as fragmented, diversified, heterogeneous and fuzzy Constitutive power of colonialism: new ideologies, arrangements and the old society. Transformations through the processes of domination, accommodation, rejection or resistance. Peasants, discontent and the changing agrarian relation. Bahdrolok, Bhadramohila and the aspiration of nationalism. E. Nationalism and unresolved question of identity: Partition: The moment of rapture; stories of violence, tears for the past and jubilation of the future and creation of some “stateless” area called ‘chitmahal’. Bengali Muslim: Hopes and dreams and the Celebration of religious nationalism. Shattered dreams of religious nationalism: Emergence of secular Bengali and their new nation-state. F. State, Nation and the ‘Others’: Competing national identity: Bengali vs. Bangladeshi; resurrection of new Islamic identity 'Others' of the nation-state: Other in terms of ethnicity, religion, gender, language, class etc. Disciplining the ‘Others’: Violence and the stories of inclusion-exclusion. Reading List Alavi, H., 1989. Formation of the Social Structure of South Asia under the Impact of Colonialism in H. Alavi and J. Harris, eds., Sociology of "Developing Societies": South Asia, Houndsmill: Macmillan, Pp.5-19. Carr, E.H., 1987. What Is History? London: Penguin Books. Chatterjee, P., 1974. Claims on the Past: The Genealogy of Modern Historiography in Bengal in D. Arnold & D. Hardinan, eds. Subaltern Studies, No. VIII, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Chatterjee, P., 1996. Alternative Histories, Alternative Nations: Nationalism and Modern Historiography in Bengal in Peter Schmidt and Tom Patterson, eds. Making Alternative Histories: The Practice of Archaeology and History in Non-Western Settings. Santa Fe: School of American Research. Cohn, B., 1987. An Anthropologist Among the Historians and Other Essays, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Feldman, S., 2003. Bengali State and nation making: partition and displacement revisited in International Social Science Journal, Vol. 55 (175). Eaton, R., 1993. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760, Berkeley: University of California Press. Filippo Osella eds. South Asian Masculinities: Context, Sites of Continuity. New Delhi: Oxford University Press Ghosh, P., 1991. The riot and the Exodus of Bihari Muslims to Dhaka. In Sharifuddin eds. Dhaka: Past, Present Future, Dhaka. Pp 282-4 Ghosh, P., 1998. Partition Biharis. In M. Hasan, ed., Islam: communities and the Nation. Dhaka: UPL Guha, R., 1982. Small Voices of History. In Shahid Amin and Dipesh Chakrabarty eds., Subaltern Studies IX: Writings on South Asian History and Society, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Guha, R., 1982. On Some Aspect of Historiography of Colonial India in Ranajit Guha eds. Subaltern Studies I: Writings on South Asian History and Society, Delhi: Oxford University Press, Khan, A. A., 1996. Discovery of Bangladesh : explorations into dynamics of a hidden nation, Dhaka, Bangladesh : University Press Limited. 15 Maloney, C., 1977. Bangladesh and Its People in Prehistory. Paper presented at a seminar on Bangladesh Prehistory at the Institute of Bangladesh Studies, Rajshahi University. Manian, P., 1998. Harappans and Aryans: Old and New Perspectives of Ancient Indian History, History Teacher, vol. 32. Mookharjee, N., 2003. ‘My man (honour) is lost but I still have my iman (principle)’: sexual violence and articulations of masculinity in Radhika Chopra, Caroline Osella & Pandey, G., 2006. The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India. Oxford university press: New Delhi. Schendel, W. Van, 2005. The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia, London: Anthem Press. Schendel, W. Van, 2009. A History of Bangladesh: Politics, Economic and Civil Society, Cambridge University Press. Schendel, W. V., 2002. Stateless in South Asia: The Making of the India-Bangladesh Enclaves, The Journal of Asian Studies, 61:1 Schendel, W. V., 1992. The Invention of the 'Jummas': State Formation and Ethnicity in South eastern Bangladesh, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 26 (I): 95-128 Schendel, W. V., 2001. Working Through Partition: Making a Living in the Bengali Borderlands in International Review of Social History, 46, 2001, pp.393-421. Srinivas, M. N., 1991. Varna and Caste in D. Gupta, eds. Social Stratification, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Sumon, Mahmudul 2007. ‘Anthropologies of Modernity’: A review of governmentality and its effect, Nrvijnana Patrika, Vol 12. Tripura, P., 1992. The Colonial Foundation of Pahari Ethnicity, Journal of Social Studies, 58:1-16 Bmjvg, ˆmq` Avwgi“j 1996, evsjv A‡ji BwZnvm: b~Zb `„wó‡Kv‡b GKwU mgx¶v, XvKv: c¨vwcivm| Dgi, e`i“wÏb 1998, wPi¯ ’vqx e‡›`ve‡¯ —v I evsjv‡`‡ki K…lK, XvKv: gIjv eªv`v©m| wÎcyiv, cÖkvš— 1992, mvs¯ ‹…wZK cÖvwš—KZv I AvZ¥cwiP‡qi msKU: evsjv‡`‡ki wÎcyiv Rb‡Mvwô, mgvR wbix¶Y, msL¨v 46| Lv‡j`, Beªvnxg 2010, wQUgnj I ¯ ’vb †Kw›`ªK RvwZ-ivóª aviYvi msKU, b„weÁvb cwÎKv, msL¨v 15| f`ª, †MŠZg I P‡Ævcva¨vq, cv_© 1998, wbæe‡M©i BwZnvm, KjKvZv, Avb›` cvewjkvm© cÖB‡fU wjwg‡UW| ANTH 208: STATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATION The course will introduce basic concepts of statistics and computer application in anthropology . The relevant ideas of statistics would be explored so that students can grasp the central viewpoints of the disciplines. In the second part of this course basic software for both qualitative and quantitative data analysis will be introduced. Statistics A. Introduction and characteristics of statistics; Scope, importance and limitations of statistics Nature and scope of statistics in anthropology Some basic concepts of statistics: statistical observations, statistical population and sample, theory and hypothesis, Levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. B. Sampling: definition and meaning of sampling; Function and importance of sampling; types of sampling; determination of sample size. C. Data and its presentation; types of data; Collection and classification of data; Summarization and presentation of data: Frequency distribution and frequency table, proportion, percentage, ratio and rates. D. Measures of central tendency: mean, median and mode. E. Measures of dispersion: Range, variance, mean deviation, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. F.Correlation and regression Computer Application A Introduction to the function of computer: Computer System Fundamentals Computer Hardware and Terminology: Keywords and technical terms in computer using (Hardware, Software, Information Technology, Internet) B Practical Exercise 16 Word Processing Software, Spreadsheets, Databases and Operating System(e.g.,; MS Excel, Power Point, Internet Data Analysis with Comprehensive Statistics Software (SPSS), and others Note: The 'tutorial' marks for this course will be divided between class tests (10 marks) and practical exercises of computer application (10 marks). Reading List P. Norton, 2000, Introduction to Computers, Fifth Edition. Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, Freeman, D., R. Pisani and R. Purves, 2007, Statistics Freeman, D., 2005 Outlines & Highlights for Statistics de Leeuw, J. (1997). Statistics: The study of stability in variation. Ewen, R.B. (1988). The workbook for introductory statistics for the behavioral sciences. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Hartwig, F., Dearing, B.E. (1979). Exploratory data analysis. Newberry Park, CA: Sage Hayes, J. R., Young, R.E., Matchett, M.L., McCaffrey, M., Cochran, C., and Hajduk, T., eds. (1992). Reading empirical research studies: The rhetoric of research. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hinkle, Dennis E., Wiersma, W. and Jurs, S.G. (1988). Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences. Boston: Houghton. Kleinbaum, David G., Kupper, L.L. and Muller K.E. Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods 2nd ed. Boston: PWS-KENT Publishing Company. Kolstoe, R.H. (1969). Introduction to statistics for the behavioral sciences. Homewood, ILL: Dorsey. Levin, J., and James, A.F. (1991). Elementary statistics in social research, 5th ed. New York: HarperCollins. Liebetrau, A.M. (1983). Measures of association. Newberry Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Mendenhall, W.(1975). Introduction to probability and statistics, 4th ed. North Scltuate, MA: Duxbury Press. Moore, David S. (1979). Statistics: Concepts and controversies, 2nd ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. Runyon, R.P., and Haber, A. (1976). Fundamentals of behavioral statistics, 3rd ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Schoeninger, D.W. and Insko, C.A. (1971). Introductory statistics for the behavioral sciences. Boston: Allyn Stevens, J. (1986). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Stockberger, D. W. (1996). Introductory statistics: Concepts, models and applications. ANTH 301: FOUNDERS OF MODERN SOCIAL THOUGHT This course will introduce students with the works of seminal thinkers who laid the foundation of modern social sciences. Particular emphasis will be given to the analysis of the social-cultural and political contexts in which ‘modernity’ was formed in Europe in Eighteenth and Nineteenth century. It is against the backdrop of this formation that the works of Georg Hegel, Karl Marx, Emil Durkheim, Max Weber and Sigmund Freud will be discussed. The ways in which the thinking of these classical theoreticians guided the later development of sociological and anthropological theories will also be scrutinized. A. B. C. Formations of Modernity Social, Political and Economic forces in Development of modern social thought Political Revolutions, Development of Capitalism and the Rise of Individualism Intellectual Forces and the rise of sociological theories The Enlightenment and the reaction to Enlightenment The development of Sociology in France, Germany and Britain The context for the emergence of modern social thoughts Idealism and Imperialism Hegelian Philosophy Empiricism and the development of Positivism Karl Marx Dialectic and historical materialism as a theoretical perspective Capitalism: Commodities, value and labor Surplus value theory Theory of Class and alienation 17 Frederick Engels: Contribution of Engels to the development of Marxism D. E. F. Emile Durkheim The Division of Labor and social solidarity The Rules of sociological method: Social facts, Collective Conscience Study of Suicide Search for a ‘positive’ definition of religion Max Weber Methodology and theory of knowledge in the social sciences Comparison with Marx The themes of rationalization and capitalism Class, Status and Power Capitalism in Weber’s work: Rationalization, Bureaucracy Sigmund Freud The structure of mind: Unconscious mind and dream Theory of sexuality Psychoanalysis Reading List Aron, Raymond 1967 Main Currents in Sociological Thoughts, New York: Penguin Books Durkheim, Emile 1933 [1893] The Division of Labor in Society. New York: The Free Press,. Durkheim, Emile. 1912 The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. London: Allen & Unwin Durkheim, Emile. 1895 The Rules of Sociological Method. New York: The Free Press Durkheim, Emile. 1897 Suicide. New York: The Free Press Engles, Frederick. 1958 [1845] The Condition of the Working Class in England. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Freud, Sigmund 1918 Totem and Taboo, A. A. Brill .......... 1985 The Origins of Religion, Pelican ............. 1900, Interpretation of Dream Gramsci, Antonio 1996 Selections from the Prison Notebooks, edited and translated by Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith, Orient Longman, India Hall, Stuart & Gieben, Bram (eds.) 1992. Formations of Modernity, Polity Press with Association of Open University, Cambridge Marx, Karl 1976 [1867] Capital: A Critique of Political Economy Vol. 1. Middlesex, England: Penguin, Marx, Karl 1977 [1859] A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Moscow: Progress Publishers, Marx, Karl. 1964 1964 The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. New York: International Publishers Marx, K. and Engels, F. 1988 [1848] The Communist Manifesto. F. L. Bender (ed.), New York: W. W. Norton & Company Marx, K. and Engels, F. 1947 [1845] The German Ideology. New York: International Publishers Morrison, Ken 1995. Marx, Weber, Durkheim, London: Sage Publications Ritzer, George 2000. Classical Sociological Theory, McGraw-Hill Weber, Max 1978 Economy and Society Volumes 1 & 2 G. Roth and C. Wittich (eds), Berkeley: Univ California Press Weber, Max 1961 [1922] General Economic History, New York: Collier Books, [1922] 1961 Weber, Max 1949 The Methodology of the Social Sciences, E. A. Shils and H. A. Finch (eds), NY: Free Press Weber, Max 1958 [1940-5] The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Scribner’s Press ANTH 302: PEASANT SOCIETY AND CULTURE The aim of this course is to engage with the conceptual and theoretical debates that feature the study of peasantry. It will review the theoretical perspectives that scholars have put forward at different times. Attention will be given to the historical moments that made politicians, activists and thinkers aware about the significance of ‘peasant society’ as an important constituent of their enquiry. Special focus will be given on the questions such as: how did anthropologists become interested about the dynamics in peasant society, particularly in Latin American context? What was it that made anthropologist turn their attention from ‘primitive’ to the ‘peasant’? How do 18 anthropologists’ perspectives vary from or conform to the analysis of scholars from other fields? Along with examining the renowned debates (such as ‘Russian debate’) the course will shed light on more contemporary issues. Whereas formation of peasant household, differentiation in peasant society, kinship and social relation etc. will constitute a significant portion of discussion, issues such as impacts of globalization, migration and changing gender relations will also get due attention. Ethnographic examples from around the world will be taken up; however, dynamics of Bangladesh’s agrarian society will form the core of illustrative discussion. A Conceptualizing and Theorizing Peasantry: An overview of the Challenges Differentiation and other issues: ‘Russian Debate’ (Works of Lenin, Chayanov, Shanin and others) Anthropologists’ contribution to the study of peasant society: Redfield, Foster, Wolf B. Conceptualization of peasant household and family structures Gender division of labour and household labour requirement Significance of kinship, marriage and property rights in peasant societies C. Agrarian Transformation and Technological Change Effects of ‘Green Revolution’ Other significant forms of technological change, e.g. rice processing technology and their implications on differentiation. The changes of agrarian structure D. Globalization and Peasantry Impact of market, globalization & state policies on peasantry World economy and migration and changing dynamics in peasant societies Reconceptualizing peasantry E. Peasant Movements/Resistance State intervention and ‘Peasant’ movements (e.g. Tebhagha, Telenganm, Nanka, Tongka and others) Peasant resistance Class relations in economically differentiated villages Reading List Agarwal B. (1994) A Field of one's own: Gender and land rights in South Asia, Cambridge University Press,USA. Ahmed, Z. (2008) Understanding—and misunderstanding—household: The case of Bangladesh, Nrvijnana Patrika 13. Bernstein, H. (1977) “Notes on capital and peasantry" Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 10. Habib, Irfan (2000) Agrarian Structure in Mughal India, Centre for Bangladesh Study, Dhaka. Harris, John (ed) 1982 Rural Development: Theories of Peasant Economy and Agrarian Change, Hutchinson Publication, London. Hartman,B. & Boyee, J. (1983) A Quite Violence: View From a Bangladeshi Village, UPL, Dhaka. Jahangir B.K. (ed) Violence and Consent in a peasant society and other essays Centre for Bangladesh Study, Dhaka. Jahangir, B.K. (1979) Differentiation, Polarization and Confrontation in Rural Bangladesh, CSS, Dhaka. Jansen, Eric (1987) Competition for Scarce Resources in Bangladesh, CSS. Dhaka. Karim, Nazmul, A.K. (1973) Changing society in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, CSS, Dhaka. Kearney, M. (1995) The Local and the Global: The anthropology of Globalisation and Transnationalism". Annual Review of Anthropology, 24: 547-65. Kearney, M (1995) Reconceptualizing Peasantry: Anthropology and Global Perspective, West view Press, USA. Lewis, David J. (1991) Technologies and Transactions: A study of the interaction between new technology and agrarian structure in Bangladesh. Centre for Social Studies, Dhaka. Long, N. (1977) An Introduction to the Sociology of Rural Development, Tanistock publication, London. Ortner, Sherry ( ) Anthropology and Social Theory: Culture, Power and the Acting Subject. Rahman, A. (1989) Agrarian Question: The Historical Russian Debate and its Relevance for the Third World, UPL, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 19 Rahman, A. (1982 ) Peasants and Classes: a study of differentiation in Bangladesh, Dhaka University Press. Rahman, Atiur (1986) Krishi proshno: Russian bitorko, UPL, Dhaka. Redfield , R. (1960) The Little Community of Peasant Society and Culture, University of Chicago Press. Shanin, T. (ed), (1973) Peasants and Peasant Societies. Penguin Book, Hanondsworth. Shanin, T. (1972) The Awkward Class: Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society, Oxford University Press, UK. Shanin, T. (1990) Defining Peasants: Essays Concerning Rural Societies, Expolary Economics and Learning from them in the Contemporary world, Oxford: BASIL Blackwell, Oxford Scott, J.C. (1986) Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance New Haven and London: Yale University Press. White, Sarah, C. (1992) Arguing with the Crocodile, Gender and Class in Bangladesh, UPL, Dhaka.. Wolf, E. (1966) Peasants, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs Av‡iwdb, †njvjDwÏb Lvb (1994) wkgywjqv: evsjv‡`‡ki cwieZ©bkxj K…wl KvVv‡gv, mgvR wbixÿY †K›`ª, XvKv | cv_©, iÄb mvnv (2007) ÔbZzb K…wlÕ : evsjv‡`‡k K…wl KvVv‡gvi cwieZ©b, b„weÁvb cwÎKv- 12| cv_©, iÄb mvnv (2007) AvaywbK K…wl cÖhyw³ I wj½vwqZ M„n¯ ’vjx cwimi, b„weÁvb cwÎKv- 13| wcUvi Kv÷vm© (1992) †ZfvMv Afz¨Ìv‡b bvix-MÖvgxb Mixe bvix I wecøex †bZ…Z¡, MY mvwnZ¨ cÖKvkbx, XvKv| f`ª, †MŠZg (1994) Bgvb I wbkvb Dwbk kZ‡K evsjvi K…lK ˆPZ‡b¨i GK Aa¨vq, myeY©‡iLv cÖKvkwb, KjKvZv| mygb,gvngy`yj (2003) M„n¯ ’vwji cÖPwjZ cÖZ¨qb: bvixi Aa:¯ —bZv Abyaveb K‡í cÖZ¨qMZ mxgve×Zv, Gm,Gg,Avjg m¤úvw`Z mgvR,kixi I cwi‡ek: b„weÁv‡bi cÖeÜvejx, b„weÁvb wefvM, Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, c„: 60-79| ANTH 303: GENDER: THEORIES AND ISSUES Gender is one of the central concepts in the study of Anthropology. This course will examine the concept of gender from different theoretical perspectives and also the significance of this concept in understanding the social inequalities, particularly, universal subordination of women. It will explore the way differences are constructed between women and men and look at how these differences shadow unequal status of women and their exploitation. The course will incorporate the activities, struggles and power of women that change this order by rejecting biological explanations. Women from different class, religious/ethnic communities, kinship status experience subordination differently. This course would expose students to feminist theories and examine these questions through ethnographic writings. A. The concept of Gender Biological determinism and sexual identity of women and men: Nature-culture debate Cultural construction of femininity and masculinity: Sexual division of labour, ideologies of domesticity, religion, norms, socialization. The concept of ‘patriarchy’, ‘male dominance’ and ‘women’s subordination’, The myth of 'Men the hunter', 'women the gatherer' and ‘Men the provider’, ‘women the homemaker’ B. Epistemological foundation of the study of gender: The rise of feminist anthropology Liberal feminism: Women's subordination is rooted in customary and legal constraints, Separation of ‘Public’ and ‘private’ spheres, Movements for equal rights and justice Radical feminism: Patriarchy and its relation to women’s oppression and sexuality, marriage, family, reproduction, motherhood reexamine Marxist feminism: Devaluation of women’s work, lack of ownership on means of production and capitalist exploitation Psychoanalytic feminism: The root of women's oppression embedded deep in her psyche Oedipus and Electra complex: Male and Female psychology 20 Socialist feminism: Production, social reproduction, sexuality, socialization of the children Third world feminism and Black feminism: Caution about ethnocentrism within feminism and anthropology. Existentialist feminism: Women are oppressed by virtue of ‘otherness’ Postmodern feminism: There is no "one, true feminist story of reality", Recognizing differences, Has feminist politics come to an end? C. Conceptualizing masculinities and metro-sexuality Postcolonial masculinity, hyper masculinity Theoretical and methodological approaches D. Issues in Gender: Violence against women, honor killings, transgender identities, migration, prostitution, pornography, Reproductive health and technology, property rights, etc. Reading List Anandhi, S., Jeyaranjan, J and Krishnan, R., 2002. “Work, Caste and Competing Masculinities, Notes from a Tamil Village” in Economic and Political Weekly, October 16, 2002, Pp4397 – 4406 Chopra, R., Osella, C. and Osella, F., 2004. South Asian Masculinities, Context of Change, Sites of Continuity, Kali for Women and Women Unlimited: New Delhi Collins, P.H., 1996. Black feminist thought, Routledge De Beauvoir, S., 1988. The second Sex, Picador: London. Gould, Carol (ed) 1997. Gender: Key concepts in Critical theory, Humanities press: NJ Gutmann, Matthew C., 1996. The Meanings of Macho, Being a Man in Mexico City, Berkley: University of California Press. Harding, Sandra 1987. Feminism and Methodology, Open University Hasanujjaman, A.M., 2002. Bangladesher Nari,(in Bengali) UPL: Dhaka. Hossain, Selina 2002. Bangladesher Meye Shishu (Girl Child in Bangladesh) (in Bengali), Dhaka Hartsock, Nancy, 1990. 'Foucault on Power: A Theory for Women?'. In Linda J. Nicholson ed., Feminism / Postmodernism, Routledge, London. Jaggar, A., 1997. “Human Biology in Feminist Theory: Sexual Equality Reconsidered” in Gould, C. ed., Gender: Key Concepts in Critical Theory, Humanities Press: New Jersey Jahangir, B.K., Zerina Rahman ed., 1987. Bangladeshe Nari Nirjaton, Shomaj (in Bengali), Nirikhhon Kendro, DU Kitiarsa, Pattana 2003. “Lives of Hunting Dogs”, Rethinking Thai Masculinities Through an Ethnography of Muay Thai, Somboon Printing: Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand Lazreg, Marnia 1990.'Feminism and Difference: The Perils of Writing as a Woman on Women in Algeria'. In Marianne Hirsch and Evelyn Fox Keller ed., Conflicts in Feminism, London: Routledge MacCormack and Strathern ed., 1995. Nature, culture and gender, Cambridge University Press Maleka Begum, (2002) Nari. Mani, Lata 1989. 'Contentious Traditions: The Debate on Sati in Colonial India,' in Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid ed., Recasting Women. Essays in Colonial History, Kali for Women, New Delhi Moore, Henrietta 1989 Feminism and Anthropology, Polity press Mukhopadhaya, M., 1997. Legally Dispossessed, Kolkata Ortner, S., 1974. 'Is Female to Male as Nature is to Cullure?" in Rosaldo, M. and Lamphere ed., Woman, Culture and Society: A Theoretical Overview, Stanford University Press Rubin, G., 1975. “The Traffic in Women: Notes on the Political Economy of Sex” in Reiter, R. ed., Toward an Anthropology of Women, Newyork. Scott, Joan 1989. Gender and the Politics of History, Columbia University Press: NY Spivak, G., 1988. In other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics, Routladge:Newyork Stacey, J., 1988. “Can there be a feminist ethnography?” in Bryman, Alan ed. Ethnography Vol. 3, Sage: London. Standing, H., 1991. Dependence and autonomy, RKP Strathern, M., 1985. An awkward relationship: feminism and Anthropology Tong, Rosemary 1995. Feminist thought: A comprehensive introduction, Routledge, London Whitehead, A., 1984. women's solidarity and divisions among women, IDS Bulletin Young, K and et al ed., 1981. Of marriage and the market, CSE Books ¸ji“L, mvqw`qv Ges †PŠayix, gvbm 2000, KZ©vi msmvi bvixev`x iPbvi msKjb, XvKv: iƒcvš—i cÖKvkbv ANTH 304: ANTHROPOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT The main purpose of this course is to examine the key theoretical and conceptual issues in the anthropology of development. However, since ‘development’ itself is a multifaceted venture, the course will briefly introduce students to the core ideas of ‘economic development’ as well as to the perspectives of other social science disciplines. Whereas the main paradigms of development 21 will be scrutinized in detail, main focus will be on analyzing the ways in which anthropologists can contribute to the theories and practices in international development and public policy. Discussions will proceed with reference to the case studies of development practice, particularly from Bangladesh context. A. Development: Different meanings and concepts Semantic History of ' Economic Development' Notions of 'development' in the history of anthropology: Evolution, culture contact, social change and development Intellectual heritage of development B. Growth theories of Economic Development Development Economics: Classical and neo-classical legacy C. Paradigms of development Modernization theories and their limitations Contributions of Anthropologists and Sociologist toward modernization perspectives New-Marxist theories of development and under-development Dependency school and world system theory: Contributions of A.G. Frank, Poul Barran, I. Wallerstein, Samir Amin, and others D. Anthropology and Development Anthropology and development come closer: The (hi)story of an ‘unhappy’ relationship From ‘Applied Anthropology’ to ‘Anthropology of Development’ E. Changing Perspectives of Development ‘Sustainable Development’: The politics of environmental sustainability The case of ‘Green Revolution’ The anthropology of environmentalism and conservation Gender and Development: Feminist perspectives and development practices F. Recent debates and new directions ‘Poverty’ as a main issue in development thinking ‘Power’ in Development theories: the issues of ‘participation’, ‘empowerment’ and others NGOs in development practice Human Development: A new paradigm or the reproduction of the old ones? Capability Approach/ Development as freedom: Amartya Sen’s contribution to contemporary development thinking Agency, structure and ‘Wellbeing’: contemporary perspectives G. Political Economy of International Development and Aid Industry: Structural Adjustment Programmes, Washington Consensus and post-Washington consensus Role of state and market in Development: Neo-liberalism examined H. Anthropological critiques of development: post-modernism and after Development as discourse: subverting the discourse A review of the works of Ferguson, Hobert, Escober, Sachs, Rahnema and others I. Toward Synthesis: Anthropologists within Development J. Anthropology of Bangladesh Development Experience Reading list: Abram, S. and Waldren, Jacqueline 1998 Anthropological Perspective of Local Development. Rutledge: London. Alexander, K. 1994 The Process of Development of Societies. Sage Publications: London. Amin, Samir. 1976 Unequal Development. London: Monthly Review Press Apter, D. E. 1987 Rethinking Development: Modernization, Dependency and Postmodern Politics, Sage: London. Alam, S. M. Nurul, 1997 Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh: A Critical Evaluation of NGOs Role as Institutional Alternative. Asian Studies (JU), No. 2, pp. 64-78. Alam, S. M. Nurul,and Rasheda Akhtar, 1998 Experience of Development in Bangladesh: Anthropological Perspective, In A. Bayes and A. Rahman (eds.), 25 Years of Bangladesh: Selected Issues, UPL, Dhaka. Chew, SingC. and Denemark, Robert A. ed.(1996) The Underdevelopment of Development, Sage: London. Dube, S.C, Modernization and Development: The Search for Alternative Paradigms, Zed Books Ltd , London. Epstein , Scarlett , 1962 Economic Development and Social Change in South India, UK Manchester Univ. Press 22 Escobar, Arturo 1991 Anthropology and the Development Encounter :The Making and Marketing of Development Anthropology, American Ethnologist 18 (4): 16-40. Gabriel, Tom 1991 Human Factor in Rural Development, Belhaven Press, London. Gardner, K, and D Lewis 1996 Anthropology, Development and Post Modernist Challenge. Pluto Press. Hobart, Mark. 1993 An Anthropological Critique of Development: The Growth of Ignorance. Routledge: London. Jahan, Rounaq 1995 The Elusive Agenda: Mainstreaming Women in Development. University Press Ltd, Dhaka. Kabeer, Naila, 1994 Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought. Verso, London. Lesson, P. F. and M. M. Minogue (eds.), 1988 Perspectives on Development, UK: Univ of Manchaster Press Long, Norman 1977 An Introduction to The Sociology of Rural Development Munck, R. and O’ Hearn, Denis. eds. 1999 Critical Development Theory: Contributions to a paradigm, Dhaka: UPL Norgaard, Richard B. 1994 Development Betrayed. Rutledge: London Rapley John 1996 Understanding Development, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London. Rahnema, Majid and Bawtree, Victoria (1997) Post-Development Reader, Univ Press Limited: Dhaka. Sachs, Wolfgang (ed) 1992 The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power. Zed Press Uddin, Mohammad Nasir 2009 Citizenship and Wellbeing, Nrivijnana Patrika, Volume 14 Uddin, Mohammad Nasir 2009 The Rhetoric of Good Governance and Political Citizenship in Bangladesh, The Jahangirnagar Review Part II Social Science Vol. XXXII 2008 (2009) ANTH 305: RELIGION AND SOCIETY Religion has been an important area of theoretical concern for anthropologists since the formation of this discipline. Seminal social thinkers such as Marx, Weber and Durkheim have also sought to address the question of the role that religion plays in the functioning of society and in historical processes. Given the fact that religious beliefs, practices and institutions still constitute an important part of social reality (or contribute towards the constitution of that reality) in many parts of the world, they can hardly be explained away as epiphenomena. Instead, it is necessary to examine religions in terms of their internal system of symbols and meanings as well as in terms of the relationships of religious practices and institutions to social processes. This course will survey some of the main conceptual issues in, and theoretical approaches to, the study of religion, and will examine the characteristics of religious ideas, practices & institutions and their relationships to other aspects of social life in specific contexts. Attention will also be paid to the ways in which religion relates to globalization, power and change in the contemporary world, with consideration of some of these issues in context of Bangladesh. A. Conceptualizing religion: When can beliefs, practices and institutions be termed ‘religious’? Typologies of religious beliefs, practices and institutions B. 19th-Century studies on the origins and evolution of religion: Tylor, Frazer, Muller, Spencer C. Religion and the maintenance of social order Religion and solidarity: Durkheim Religion as ideology: Marx D. Mind and myth Myth in primitive psychology: Bronislaw Malinowski Meaning of myth: Levi Strauss Analyzing illusion: Freud E. Symbols, meanings and ritual Religion as a system of symbols and meanings: Geertz Ritual as action: Turner, Roy Rappaport, Bloch F. Witchcraft and personal experience Witchcraft and sexual relationship:Evans-Pritchard, Raymond c. Kelly. Personal symbols and religious experience: Gananath Obeyesekere. G. Religion, modernity and change in a globalizing world Capitalism, colonialism and Christianity: Weber, Comaroff and Comaroff, Taussig Islam and the contemporary world order: Asad, Said, Saba Mahmud G. Religion, society and politics in Bangladesh 23 Required texts Lambek, M eds. 2006, A reader in the Anthropology of religion. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: Oxford: UK Morris, B., 1987, Anthropological Studies of Religion. An Introductory Text. Cambridge: CUP Further Reading List Asad, T., 1993, Genealogies of Religion. Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam, Baltimore: John Hopkins U. Press, pp.27-54. Durkheim, E., 1976[1914] The Elementary Forms of Religions Life. London: Allen & Unwin Eaton, R. 1993, The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. Berkeley: University of California Press. Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 1958 Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande. Oxford: Clarendon Press Frazer, J., 1976, orig. 1922, The Golden Bough. London: Macmillan Freud, S., 1938 [1913] Totem and Taboo, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Geertz, C., 1973, The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books Hussain, M. Akbar., 2006, Religion in the Political Process in Context of Bangladesh: A Historiographic Account, Journal of Anthropology, Vo.11:165-80. Lévi-Strauss, C., 1978, Myth and Meaning. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Malinowski, B., 1935, Coral Gardens and Their Magic. London: Kegan Paul Marx, K. and Engels, F., 1957, On Religion. Moscow: Progress Smith, B. L., ed., 1976, Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia. Leiden: E. J. Brill Turner, V., 1974[1969] The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-structure. Harmonds Worth: Penguin Books Turner, V.,1967, The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Rituals. Ithaca: Cornell U. Press Tylor, E. B., 1913, orig. 1871, Primitive Culture. London: Murray Weber, Max 1958, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, trans. Talcott Parsons. NY: Charles Scribner ANTH 306: POLITICAL M OVEMENTS AND COLLECTIVE IDENTITIES This course examines, the problematic of political movement and collective identity with a focus on ethnicity, the imagination of the nationhood/ national cosmology and other forms of identity and body politics. With a reading of a range of different historical and ethnographic material, an attempt is made to closely look at questions such as how different forms of collective identity is formed (i.e. ethnic group formation, nationalism or sun-nationalism movements etc), what we need to consider as important factors in the formation of collective identity as such and where can we locate human agency in such constructions. This course provides a wide reading of some of the major political trends/ issues/ movement that affect the interconnected world today. A. Ethnic and its myth symbol complexes. Major theoretical position on ethnicity (Modernist vs. primordialist). Ethnicity as a form of performance Subjective and objective conditions of ethnicity The cultural construction of ethnic and national identities B. The imagination of nation. Nationalism in Europe, America and Russia. The rise and spread of nationalism in Asia and Africa. Post-colonial readings of anti-colonial nationalism. Internal colonialism and ethnic/nationalist movements within modern new nation-states. C. Case studies of different forms of ethnic/ nationalist/ identity politics Feminist movement; environmental movement, student movement, indigenous people’s movement, Religion and identity, Violence and identity, the modernity of religious fundamentalism, transnational movements and people’s negotiation etc Reading List Ahmed, Rafiuddin, 1988. The Bengal Muslims, 1871-1906. A Quest for Identity. Dhaka: OUP 24 Ahmed, Rahnuma, 1985. Women’s Movement in Bangladesh and the Left's Understanding of the Woman Question. Journal of Social Studies, 30:41-56 Alavi, Hamza, 1988. Pakistan and Islam: Ethnicity and Ideology. In F. Halliday and H. Alavi, eds., State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan, London: Macmillan, pp.64-111 Anderson, B., 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso Appadurai, Arjun, 1991. Global Ethnoscapes: Notes and Queries for a Transnational Anthropology. In Richard G Fox (ed) Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present. School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series. Appadurai, Arjun, 1996. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Appadurai, Arjun, 2006. Fear of Small Numbers. Duke University Press: Durham and London. Bal, Ellen. 2007. They ask if we eat frogs: Garo ethnicity in Bangladesh. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing. Banks, Marcus. 1996. Ethnicity: Anthropological Constructions. Routledge. Barth, F., ed. 1969. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget Barth, Fredrik. 2007. Overview: Sixty Years in Anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology . 36:1–16 Bowman, Glenn. 2001. "The Violence in Identity" in Anthropology of Violence and Conflict. Edited by Bettina Schmidt and Ingo Schroeder. European Association of Social Anthropologists, pp. 25-46. London: Routledge. Bowman, Glenn. 2006. “A Death Revisited: Solidarity and Dissonance in a Muslim-Christian Palestinian Commnity” in Memory and Violence in the Middle East and North Africa. Ussama Makdidsi and Paul Silverstein (eds). Bloomington Indiana University Press. Caplan, L. ed. 1987. Studies in Religious Fundamentalism. Houndowills: MacMillan Press Chakrabarty, D. 2002. Habitations of Modernity. Delhi: Permanent Black. Charsley, Simon. 1996. `Untouchable': What is in a Name? The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 2(1):1-23. Chatterjee, P. 1986. Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse. London: Zed Books. Chatterjee, P. 1993. The Nation and its Fragments. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Cohn, B.S. 1996. Colonialism and its forms of knowledge: the British in India Comaroff, J.1989. Images of empire, contests of conscience: Models of colonial domination in South Africa. American Ethnologist 16(4): 661-685. Das, Veena and Deborah Poole, 2004. ed Anthropology in the Margins of the State. School of American Research Seminar Series. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press. Eriksen, T. H. ,1993. Ethnicity and Nationalism. Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press Geertz, C 1973b. The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politic in the New States. In C. Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books, pp.255-310. Geertz, C. , 1973a. After the Revolution: The Fate of Nationalism in the New States. In C. Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books, pp.234-254. Gellner, Ernest, 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell. Ghosh, Kaushik. 2006. Between Global Flows and Local Dams: Indigenousness, Locality, and the Transnational Sphere in Jharkhand, India. Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 21, Issue 4, pp. 501–534 Giddens, Anthony, 1985. The Nation-State and Violence. Cambridge: Polity Glazer, N. and D. P. Moynihan, eds. (1975) Ethnicity: Theory and Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press Gupta, A and J. Ferguson (eds.) 1997. Culture Power Place: Explorations of Critical Anthropology. Durham, NC: Duke University Press Hale, Charles R. 1997. Cultural Politics of Identity in Latin America. Annual Review of Anthropology. 26: 567-590. HANN, CHRIS. 1994. The Anthropology of Ethnicity. Anthropology Today. 10(2): 21-22. Hobsbawm, E. and T. Ranger (eds.) 1983. The invention of tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hobsbawm, E., 1990. Nations and Nationalism since the 1780s: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge U. Press. Hooks, B. 1981 Ain't I a Woman--Black Women and Feminism. Boston: Southend Press. Inda, Jonathan Xavier. 2000. ‘Performativity, Materiality, and the Racist Body’ Latino Studies Journal Vol 11 No 3 Fall 2000 74-99 Jahangir, B. K., 1986. The Problematics of Nationalism in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Center for Social Studies. Jayawardena, Kumari, 1986. Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World. London: Zed Publication. Kandiyoti, Deniz, ed. , 1991. Women, Islam and the State. London: Macmillan. Kingsbury, Benedict. 1998. "Indigenous Peoples" in International Law: A Constructivist Approach to the Asian Controversy. The American Journal of International Law. 92(3): 414-457. Lenin, V. I., 1916. The Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination. Malkki, Lisa. 1995. Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 25 Maloney, CLarence T. 1984. Tribes of Bangladesh and Synthesis of Bengali Culture in M S Querishi, ed. Tribal Cultures in Bangladesh Institute of Bangladesh Studies, Rajshahi University. Mohsin, A. 1997. Politics of Nationalism: The case of Chittagong Hill Tracts Bangladesh. Dhaka: The University Press Limited. Mohsin, Amena, 1997. Politics of Nationalism: Case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Dhaka: UPL. Nelson, D. M., 1999. A Finger in the Wound: Body Politics in the Quincentennial Guatemala. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pandey, G. 1990. The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Pels, Peter. 1997. The Anthropology of Colonialism: Culture, History, and the Emergence of Western Governmentality. Annual Review of Anthropology. 26: 163-183. Schendel, Willem van. 1992. The Invention of the 'Jummas': State Formation and Ethnicity in Southeastern Bangladesh. Modern Asian Studies. 26(1): 95-128. Schendel, Willem van. 1996. Who speaks for the Nation? Nationalist Rhetoric and the Challenge of Cultural Pluralism in Bangladesh a paper presented for the conference ‘Bangladesh at 25’, Columbia University, New York, December 5-7, 1996. (Xeroxed copy presented at the seminar) Skaria, Ajay. 1997. Shades of Wildness Tribe, Caste, and Gender in Western India. The Journal of Asian Studies. 56(3): 726-745. Smith, Anthony D., 1983. The Ethnic Origin of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell Sobhan, Salma, 1994. National Identity, Fundamentalism and the Women's Movement in Bangladesh. In, V. Moghadam, ed., Gender and National Identity: Women and Politics in Muslim Societies. London: Zed Books. pp.63-80 Sumon, Mahmudul and Sayeed Ferdous. 2002. Exploring “Indigenous” People: Dilemmas of Academics in Bangladesh. The Jahangirnagar Review, Part II. 25-26: 91-102. Tripura, P. 1992 The Colonial Foundation of Pahari Ethnicity in The Journal of Social Studies, Yuval-Davis, N. & F. Anthias, eds. 1989 Women-Nation-State. Houndmills: Macmillan. ANTH 307: LANGUAGE, SOCIETY AND CULTURE At the beginning concerns among many of the anthropologists were, why and how language could be useful in the study of culture. Later, language both as an independent system and as a part of the culture became a significant field of inquiry. This course will consider those diversified theoretical developments in study of language. However, understanding of the relations of meaning eventually leads to the understanding of the relations of power. Parallels between the social transformation and that of the language will also be addressed in exploring the relationship between society, culture and language. A. From Anthropological Linguistics to the Linguistic Anthropology; Boas in recognizing the significance of language in Anthropology. On the relationship between language and culture: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Attempt in understanding the speaking: Hymes. B. Theoretical concerns in understanding Language Structural Perspective and the Sub systems of Language: Phoneme, Morpheme, Semantics, Syntax. Language as a system of sign: Saussure. Language and the search for mathematical principles: Levi-Strauss. Transformational-Generative Grammar: Chomsky. Language mediating between psychological and social: Vygotsky. Meaning through dialogue: Bakhtin C. From Language to Culture and Power: Exploring the relations of meaning and relations of power; From Language to Culture and Meta-language: Barthes’ semiotics. Not alone Language but Discourse: Foucault on Power and Knowledge D. Social Historical approach in studying Language; Relationship of Language to diverse social categories, i.e., Gender, Class or Ethnicity etc. Grand socio-political transformations (i.e., colonialism, avante-guard) and their impact on Language Reading List: 26 Asad, T. & John Dixon, Translating Europe's Other. Francis Barker et al eds. Europe and It's Other, V-1. Cholchester, Essex UP. Blount , Ben G., Language, Culture and Society, A Book of Readings, Waveland Press, 1995. Burke, Peter & Roy Porter, The Social History of Language, Cambridge Ubiversity Press, 1987. Chomsky, Noam, Topics in the Theory of Generative Grammar, Mouton & Co. 1966. ---------------, Syntactic Structure, Mouton & Co. 1968. --------------,The Architecture of Language (Compiled version of The Delhi Lecture, 1996 and discussion edited by Mukherji et. al.), Delhi, Oxford University Press 2000. Culler, Jonathon, Saussure, Fontana Press, 1985. Daniels, Harry (ed.), An Introduction to Vygotsky, Routledhe, 1998. Duranti, Alessandro, Linguistic Anthropology, Cambridge University Press, 1996. Hall, Stuart, Representation, Meaning and Language (Chapter 1), Pp. 15-62. Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices. Open University Press. 1997. Hymes, Dell, (eds.), Language in Culture and Society. Harper and Row, 1964. ----------- (ed), Pidginization and Creolization of Language, Cambridge University Press, 1984. Newman, Fred, & Louis Holzman, Lev Vygotsky: Revolutionary Scientist, Routledge, 1995. Sapir, Edward, The Status of Linguistics As a Science. Language 5 No. 4, Pp. 207-214, 1929. Saussure, Ferdinand de, Signs and Language. Course in General Linguistics. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1964. Vygotsky, Lev, Thought and Language, MIT, 1962. Viswanathan, Gauri, Masks of Conquest:Literary Study and the British Rule in India, Oxford University Press, 1988. Whorf, Benjamin, The Relation of Habitual Thought and Behavior to Language. Leslie Spier ed. anguage, Culture and Personality: Essays in the Memory of Edward Sapir, Pp. 75-93. Menasha Wisc.: Sapir Memorial Fund. 1941. Whorf, B. L.Language, Thought and Reality. MIT Press, 1956. William, Raymond, The Politics of Modernism, Verso, 1994. ‡PŠayix, gvbm, 2000, '†mvbveÜzÕi wcixwZ Ges fvjevmvi mykxj wWm‡Kvm©| Avjg I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úv. mv¤cÖwZK b„weÁvb, c„: 97-108| Bmjvg, mv`vd b~‡i I mvC` †di‡`Šm, 2001, fvlv bvix-cyi“‡li Rb¨ mgvb bq| Avn‡g` I †PŠayix m¤úv. PP©v, c„: 298-316| ANTH 308: ETHNOGRAPHY: SELECTED TEXTS The production of ethnographic texts continues to be an integral part of the anthropological enterprise. However, ethnographies are no longer viewed merely as descriptive accounts of particular communities. The entire process from fieldwork to the writing of ethnographies and their publication has come under much scrutiny in recent decades. While both the poetics and politics of classic ethnographies continue to be examined critically, new experimental modes of ethnographic research & writing are also being developed. This course will examine some key issues surrounding the writing and reading of ethnographies on the basis of a few selected texts (both classics and contemporary ethnographies). A. Ethnography as a writing process B. The epistemology of ethnography: the question of freedom to encounter the world C. Interpretive ethnography and critical Ethnography D. Selected Texts: (The course teacher will select two texts from the different genre following list for intensive reading) Bal, Ellen.2007.They ask if we eat Frogs: Garo Ethnicity in Bangladesh, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Dannecker, Petra.2002 Between Conformity and Resistance: Women Garment Workers in Bangladesh, Dhaka: The University Press Limited. Evans- Pritchard, E. E. 1940. The Nuer, oxford University Press Jahangir, B.K.1979. Differentiation, Polarization and Confrontation in Rural Bangladesh, CSS, Dhaka University Jansen, Eric.1987. Rural Bangladesh: Competition for Scare Resource. Dhaka: University Press Gardner, K .1995.. Local Lives,Global Migrant. Clarender Press. Leach, E R .1964.Political System of Highland Burma, A Study of Kachin Social Structure, London: The Athlene Press Ltd. Lughud, Lila Abu. 1986. Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society, London: University of California Press. Malinowski, B. 1992. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. Routledge 27 Murphy, Yolanda and Murphy, Robert F.1985. Women of the Forest, NewYork: Columbia University Press. Malkki, Liissa H.1995. Purity and Exile : Violence, Memory, And National Cosmology Among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania ,London: The University of Chicago Press, Ltd. Mead, Margaret. 1928. Coming of Age in Samoa. Morrow Quill Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. 1933. The Andaman Islanders. Cambridge University Press Shostak, Marjorie.1981. Nisa: The Life and Words of a Kung! Woman. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press Nur Yelmin. Under the Boo Tree Srinivas,M,N.1976. Remembered Village.UC Berkeley Taussig, M.1980. The Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America, Chapell Hill:University of North Carolina Press. White, Sarah. C.1992. Arguing with the Crocodile: Gender and Class perspective, Dhaka: The University press Additional Reading List: Clifford, J. 1983. On Ethnographic Authority. Representations 1(2): 118-46 Clifford, J. and G. Marcus .1990. Writing Culture: The Politics and Poetics of Ethnography. Oxford : University Press. Geertz, Clifford .1988. Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author. Stanford: Stanford Uni. Press. Marcus, G. and M. Fischer .1988. Anthropology as Cultural Critique, University of Chicago Press. Wardle, H. 2006. How to Read Ethnography, London: Routledge James Allison, Hockey, Jenny and Dawson, Andrew.1997.After Writing Culture- Epistemology and Praxis in contemporary anthropology, London: Routledge. Shostak, M.1989. What the wind won’t take away: The Genesis of Nisa-The Life and Works a “Kung Woman”. In The Personal Narratives Group (ed.) Interpreting Women’s Lives feminist Theory and Personal Narratives. Bloomington, pp.228-241 ANTH 401: CONTEMPORARY THEORETICAL TRENDS IN ANTHROPOLOGY This course will address the radical theoretical, methodological and disciplinary reorientation of anthropology through the rejection of modern science and knowledge system. It offers critical philosophical reflections of anthropological debate and, demonstrates a novel project of anthropological understanding has come into being through absolute dissatisfaction in western civilization and humanism. The celebrated ‘Post-ist’ protagonists and their predecessors ranging in varied genres have to be brought into light before the students. A. Epistemological foundation of contemporary theories in anthropology M. Heidegger: Critique of metaphysics and contribution to ontology. Nietzsche: Doctrine of will to power, rejection of liberal reason and the rational foundation of western civilization. Modernism – Habermas: Critique of Enlightenment, rationality and knowledge B. Structuralism and Psychoanalysis Return to Freud: Lacanian reinterpretation of Freudian tradition in the Real, the Symbolic and the Imaginary, Louis Althusser, Alain Badiou Lacanian analysis in feminism: Judith Butler, Julia Kristeva, Irigaray C. Post-structuralism R. Barthes: Semiotics and the idea of deconstruction of linguistics; practice of writing; author and writer; the death of the author Deridda: the idea of “writing”; deconstruction of logocentrism; the idea of ‘theatre of cruelty’ and deconstruction of traditional theatre; the notion of decentering; the idea of free-play. D. Euro-American post-modernism M. Foucault: The course of history reexamined Archaeology of knowledge; relation of power and knowledge; the problem of objectification of subject; theory of sexuality Lyotard: Rejection of grand narratives Fredric Jameson: Post-modernism – The cultural logic of late capitalism Baudrillard: Notion of simulation Godfreyy Lienhardt: Construction of self in the process of constructing other 28 E. .Post-modernism in the ex-colonies The west as orientalizing Anti-colonial discourse Post-modernism in anthropology questioned F. Post-colonial theory: Locating post-colonial theory and practice; problems in current theories of colonial discourse; universality and difference; representation and resistance; indignity; Gayatri Spivak (Marginality and post coloniality), Chandra Mohanty (post colonial discourses), Dipesh Chakrabarty (post coloniality and Indian ‘Pasts’, Stuart Hall (Cultural identity), Arif Dirlik (Third world and global capitalism) Reading list Alexander C. J & Seidman, S (eds.) 1990. Culture and Society, Contemporary Debates, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Hall, Stuart & McGrew, Tony (eds.) 1994. Modernity and its Futures, UK: Polity Press in Association with the Open University Ashcroft, Bill and Others, 1995,. The Post-colonial Studies Reader, Routledge, London Dirks, Nicholas B./ Eley, Geoff/ Ortner, Sherry B. (eds.)1994. Culture/Power/ History, A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Ahmad, Aijaz, 1992. In Theory. Classes, Nations, Literatures, Verso, London, Asad, Talal, 1993. Genealogies of Religion. Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam, London, ------1980. Review of 'Orientalism', English Historical Review, 95, July Asad, Talal and John Dixon, 1985.'Translating Europe's Others,' in Francis Barker et al (eds), Europe and Its Others, Vol 1, Essex Sociology of Literature conference, Essex, Colchester, Foucault, Michel, 1978. The History of Sexuality. Vol. I, An Introduction, Penguin, Middlessex, ------.1977. Discipline and Punish. The Birth of the Prison, Penguin Books, England, ........Lila Abu Lughod Writing against Culture in Recapturing Anthropology Fox, Richard (Ed.)... Hartsock, Nancy, 'Foucault on Power: A Theory for Women?' in Linda J. Nicholson (ed) Feminism / Postmodernism, Routledge, London, 1990 Lazreg, Marnia, 1977. 'Feminism and Difference: The Perils of Writing as a Woman on Women in Algeria' in Marianne Hirsch and Evelyn Fox Keller (eds) Conflicts in Feminism, Routledge, London, Mani, Lata, '1989. Contentious Traditions: The Debate on Sati in Colonial India,' in Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid (eds), Recasting Women. Essays in Colonial History, Kali for Women, New Delhi, Mohanty, Chandra Talpade, 1991. 'Cartographies of Struggle: Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism,' Introduction in C. T. Mohanty, Ann Russo and Lourdes Torres (eds) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, ------1991. 'Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses', in C. T. Mohanty and Ann Russo and Lourdes Torres (eds) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, Rabinow, Paul (ed.), 1984. The Foucault Reader. An Introduction to Foucault's Thought, Penguin, London, Said, Edward, 1978. Orientalism, Penguin, London, Scott, Joan W. 1990. ' Deconstructing Equality-Versus-Difference: Or, the Uses of Post-Structuralist Theory for Feminism', in M. Hirsch and E. F. Keller (eds) Conflicts in Feminism, Routledge, London, Williams, Raymond, 1989. The Politics of Modernism. Against the New Conformists, Verso, London. ANTH 402: APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY This course explores applied anthropology as a field of study. The course would review the history of 'application' in anthropology, examining the theoretical, methodological, ethical and political problems that have been encountered by the anthropologists. It looks at the ways anthropologists are involved in the field of development, being involved in devising, implementing and monitoring policies affecting human lives. Special focus will be given on applied anthropology in Bangladesh. A. Anthropology in Application Introduction to Applied Anthropology: Definition, scope and history Debate over the distinction and relationship between ‘academic’ and ‘applied’ anthropology 29 Relationships between method, theory, application and practice Domains of Applied Anthropology B. Action Anthropology and Participatory Approaches Action research and action anthropology Example: The Fox project and others New directions: Practice and change C .Anthropology and Development Anthropologists as change agent, advocates, consultants Anthropologists working within agencies Anthropological critiques of development D. Public policy The meaning and context of policy Policy as a new field of anthropology Culture and policy E. Recent Trends & Techniques in Applied Anthropology Ethnography and ethnographic representation (Auto ethnography, Applied ethnography, Post Modern Applied ethnography) Participatory Approaches and Researches (i.e. AR, PAR, PRA, RRA) Actor oriented Approaches, Actor Learning Matrix ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in Applied Anthropological Researches F. Monitoring, Evaluation & Report Writing Tools in Monitoring and Evaluation Writing Research Proposal and Reports G. Applied Anthropology in Bangladesh History and scope of application of anthropology in Bangladesh Significance of applied anthropology in of Bangladesh Contemporary trends Reading List Asad, T. 1994. Ethnographic Representation, Statistics and Modern Power. Social Research; 61:1 Alam, S.M. Nurul (ed) 2002 Contemporary Anthropology. Dhaka: UPL. Asad, T (ed) 1973 Introduction of Anthropology and Colonial Encounter. USA: Humanities Press. Bennett, John W. 1996, “Applied and Action Anthropology: Ideological and Conceptual Aspects” in Current Anthropology, 37:23-53. Bernard, Russell 1994. Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative. Sage Publications. Chambers, E 1989 Applied Anthropology: A Practical Guide. Illinois: Waveland Press Coley,S.M & Scheinberg,A.C 1990. Proposal writing. Sage publication. Denzin, Norman and Yvonna Lincoln (ed) 1992 Handbook of Qualitative Research, Sage Publications. Ervin, Alexander 2006 Applied Anthropology: Tools and Perspectives for Contemporary Practice. Boston: Gardner, K & Lewis, D 1996 Anthropology, Development and Post Modern Challenge. London: Pluto Press. Chapter 1 and 2. Gow, David. D 2002 Anthropology and Development: Evil Twin or Moral Narrative? In Human Organization. Vol.61. No.4. The Society for Applied Anthropology. Grilo, R & Rew, A 1985 “Applied Anthropology in the 1980s: Retrospect and Prospect” In Grillo and Rew (ed), Social Anthropology and Public Policy. ASA Monograph No. 23, Tavistock Publications 30 Hastrup, A. and P. Elsaas, 1990, “Anthropological Advocacy: A Contradiction in Terms” in Current Anthropology, Vol. 31, pp. 301-311 Kedia, S & van Willigen, John “Chapter 1: Applied Anthropology: Context for Domains of Application” in Applied Anthropology: Domains of application. Greenwood Publishing Group. Pp: 1-32. Kedia, S (2008) “Recent Changes and Trends in the Practice of Applied” in NAPA Bulletin, 29. Johannsen, Agenta M. 1992. Applied Anthropology and Post-modern Ethnography, Human Organization, Vol. 51, No. 1. pp. 71-81. Lewis, D 2005 Anthropology and Development: The Uneasy Relationship [online]. London: LSE Research Online. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/archive/00000253 Gearing, Fred The Strategy of the Fox Project Patton,Q.M 1990 Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Sage publication. Pelto. P. and G. Pelto. 1978, Anthropological Research: The Structure of Inquiry. Cambridge Univ. Press. Roth. Audery J., 1986, The Research Paper : Process, Form and Content, Wadsworth Publishing. Shore, C & Wright, S Policy: A New Field of Anthropology. Sillitoe, Poul 2007 “Anthropologists only need Apply: Challenges of Applied Anthropology “ in Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 13, 147-165 Sol, Tax, 1975 Action Anthropology in Current Anthropology, Vol. 16, pp. 514-517 Spardley. James P. 1979. The Ethnographic Interview. New York : Holt, Reinhart and Winston. Wolcott, Harry. 1994. Transforming Qualitative Data: Description. Analysis and Interpretation, Sagepublication. ANTH 403: URBAN ANTHROPOLOGY This course will examine the deep historical processes under which cities have emerged and urban life has become an inevitable way of human life. The course would address the central concepts of urban anthropology such as urbanism and urbanization, which would help expose the particularly and distinctiveness of urban ways of life. The theoretical perspectives of anthropology will be used as basic means to address urban anthropology as specialized field of anthropology. System of kinship, family and other social organization will be especially focused to reveal distinctive ways of urban life. A. Emergence of urban anthropology as specialized field of anthropology Rise of Urban anthropology. Scope of Urban anthropology, Basic Concepts of Urban anthropology: Urbanism; Urbanization, Difference between city and urban, Relation between Modernization and urbanization Social life of cities: town, city, megacity, metropolitan city, municipality and semi-urban area. B. Emergence of cities in human societies and its impact on human life: Max Weber, Redfield, Louis Wirth. C. Kinship, family and community life in Urban setting D. Urban class, social stratification, status group, Political organization and ethnicity in urban area. E. Political Authority of the city: Local government systems and urban governance. F. Migration from rural to urban area and its impact on city life: ‘Slum’ (‘Bastee’), specificity and particularity of emergence of slum and slum dwelling. Slam dwellers as distinctive urban population Politics of slum in the urban area. Urban poverty and the culture of poverty. G. Urban Infra Structure: Super Market, Housing Pattern, Urban architecture, and Urban sculpture. H. Contemporary issues in urban anthropology: Cyber space, City Space, Cyber Culture, Cosmopolitanism, Cosmopolitan culture and public Culture. 31 I. Urbanism and Urbanization Process in Bangladesh. Reading list Basham, B. Urban Anthropology. Mayfield Publishing Company, 1978 Beckinsale, R. P. and J. M. Houston (eds). Urbanization and Its Problems, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1968 Breese, G. Urbanization in Newly Developing Countries . New Jersey: Prentice - hall Englewood Cliffs, 1966 Davis, K. World Urbanization. Berkeley University of California Press, 1968 Duncan, O. D. Urbanism, Urbanization and Change: Comparative Perspective. London: Addison Wisley Publishing Co. 1969 Dwyer, D. J. The City in the Third World, New York: Barnes and Noble, 1974 Faba, S. F. Urbanism in World Perspectives. New York , Crowell, 1968 Foster, G. and R. V. Kemper (eds) Anthropologists in Cities , Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1974 Friedl, J. and N. J. Chrisman. Cityways: A Selective Reader in Urban Anthropology. New York: Thomas Crowell Company, 1975 Gutkind. P. Urban anthropology: Perspective on Third World Urbanization and Urbanism. Van Goroum and Co; The Netherlands, 1976 Hatt, P. K. and A J. Reiss (eds). Cities and Society. New York: The Free Press, 1965 Hause, P. M. and L. F. Schnore (eds). The Study of Urbanization . New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1965 Hawley, A. H. (ed.) Urban Society: An Ecological Approach , New York: Ronald Press Company, 1971 Islam, N. ed. (1994) Urban Research in Bangladesh. Roberts, B, (1978) Cities of Peasants. Southall, Aiden (ed.) Urban Anthropology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973 Walton, J. and D. Carns (eds). Cities in Change. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1973 Weaver, T. and D. White (eds). The Anthropology of Urban Environments. New York: The Society for Applied Anthropology. Series No. 7, 1972 Weaber. Max (1966) The City. The free publisher. ANTH 404: SOUTH ASIAN SOCIETY AND HISTORY The course will address the approaches and concerns in the trajectory of South Asian Studies. Firstly, setting out from the debate around defining South Asian Society and what consist the South Asian identity, the context of emergence of the South Asian Studies and socio-political significance of Indology in the understanding of ‘South Asia’ would be discussed. Secondly, the politics of modernization project and its implications on South Asian people would be focused. How religious reform, gender differentiation and the women’s question during 19th century, middleclass formation, growth of nationalism, riots and partition of 1947, birth of post-colonial nation states are connected with modernization project of the colonial state will be revealed In the third section, a selective reading of Subaltern Studies Collective will be delivered since this group has offered a new approach of social history in studying the subalterns in the context of South Asia. Consequently, the problem of subaltern historiography and the decline of the subaltern will be explored as well . Fourthly, Bangladesh with a specific emphasis will be addressed. The whole section will be devoted in exploring the state, nationalism, the people’s marginality and resistance in contemporary Bangladeshi society. A. B. Defining South Asia Debate of defining South Asian Society; the context of emerging South Asian Studies Indological Heritage of South Asian Studies; definition, scope and areas of Indology; Socio-political significance of Colonial Indology in the understanding of ‘South Asia’: Chakravarty Caste and Stratification: The Central Concerns in Classical South Asian Studies Key concepts in understanding caste and stratification: purity and pollution, varna Caste as an ideology and structure: Dumont Nicholas, Srinivas, Slyvia Vatok Socio-political transformations in rural life and their impact on caste and stratification: Village studies in the seventies and eighties. (Students will be offered at least three ethnographies and will be asked to link them with Dumont as well as Fuller to grasp a comparative perspective on caste and stratification.) Reassessing the complexities of ‘Caste’: Fuller 32 C. D. E. Colonial construction of ‘Caste’: Dirks Modernity and Development why modernity project introduce in India? Why religious reform become a central focus in the colonial period in India to modernize India. Asish Nandi, Lata Moni. Religion and Politics of Identity How the violence of riots and partition and identity politics affect post-colonial societies and subjects. Religion Revivalism Ganedra Pandey, Partha chatterjee, Ashis Nandy. Gender, Law and the Women’s question Modern gender differentiation and new family. Sexuality and gender in formation of nationalism Partha Chatterjee, Tanika Sarkar The problem of colony and historiography New approach in understanding ‘South Asia’; core issues of Subaltern studies; elitism in Indian history etc. Ealy works of Cohn, and Guha in the 1970s and 80s Studies on ‘South Asian History and Culture’ after 1990s Locating the subalterns as heterogeneous entity and exploring her relation with colonial and post-colonial state and nationalism Partha Chatterjee, Dipesh Chakravarty, Spivak Bangladesh perspective Problem of nationalism and ethnicity, state and statelessness, Dominance, marginality and resistance with specific reference religion, class, gender, and ethnicity in the interpenetrated state Reading List: Ahmed, Rafiuddin. 2001. Understanding the Bengal Muslims Interpretative Essay-Dhaka: The University Press Limited. Béteille, André .1971. Caste, Class and Power. Changing Patterns of Stratification in a Tanjore Village, Berkley:University of California Press. Chatterjee, Partha. 1990. The nationalist resolution to the women’s question: Recasting women : Essays in colonial history, New Brunswick, nj, Delhi: Permanent Black. Chakrabarti, Dilip.1996. Colonial Indology: Socio-Politics of the Ancient Indian Past, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Pub. Pvt. Ltd., Adnan, Shapan ans Dastidar, Ranajit 1997.Chittagong Hill Tracts Comission, Life is Not Ours: Land and Human Rights in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, 1991. 2001 Dumont, Louis. 1980. Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste Systems and its Implications, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Dirks, Nicholas, B.2001.Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India, Princeton Univ Press. Fuller, Chris J .1996. Caste Toda. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Guha, Ranajit.1982. On Some Aspect of Historiography of Colonial India. In Guha Ranajit (ed.) Subaltern Studies I: Writings on South Asian History and Society, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Guha, Ranajit.1996. Small Voices of History. In Amin Shahid and Dipesh Chakrabarty (eds.) Subaltern tudies IX: Writings on South Asian History and Society, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Gupta Dipankar (ed.) 1993, Social Stratification, (Oxford in India Readings in Sociology and Social and Cultural Anthropology), Oxford University Press. Hardiman, David.1994. Power in the forest: The Dangs, 1820-1940 in David Arnold and David Hardeman (eds) Subaltern Studies viii: Writings on South Asian History and Society, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Karim, Nazmu. 1980. The Dynamics of Bangladesh Society, Dhaka:Vikas Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd. Ilias, Ahmed, Abanti Harun and Mizanur Rahman .2006. The Minority Plight: The Case of Linguistic Minority in Bangladesh, a paper presented in the National Conference on State, Violence and Right, arranged by Department of Anthropology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka. Madan, T., N. 1997. Religion in India (Oxford in India Readings in Sociology and Social and Cultural Anthropology), Oxford University Press. Metcalf, Thomas R The age of Reform: ideologies of the Raj. Moni, Lata.1999. Contentious Traditions: The debate on sati in colonial India, Recasting Women: Essays in colonial history. Mukherjee, Ramkrishna .1971. Six Villages of Bengal, Bombay: Popular Prakashan. Nandy, Asish, Sati: A nineteenth century tale of women, violence and protest, Rammohun Roy and the process of Modernization in India. Nicholas, Drik. 2001. Caste of Mind: Colonialism and making of modern India, Princeton: Princeton University Press. 33 Formatted: Space After: 0 pt, Line spacing: single Sarker, Tanika .2001. Conjugality and Hindu Nationalism: Resisting Colonial Reason and the death of child wife, hindu wife and hindu nation: Nation, Community, Religion and cultural nationalism, Delhi: Permanent Black. Sarker, Tanika ,On Re-reading the Text Srinivas, M N. 1977. Sanskritzsation: Social change in modern India, Hyderabad: Orient Longman Srinivas, M., N. 1980. Remembered Village, University of California Press. Sharma, R K.1992. Indological Research and Studies in India, Calcutta The Ramkrishna Mission Institute of Culture. Van Schendel, Willem .2001. Working through Partition: Making a Living in the Bengali Borderlands in International Review of Social History, 46, pp.393-421. Visweswaran, Kamala. 1996. Small Speeches, Subaltern Gender: Nationalist Ideology and its Historiography, in Amin Shahid and Dipesh Chakrabarty (eds.) Subaltern Studies IX: Writings on South Asian History and Society, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Yalman, Nur. 1971.Under the Bo Tree, Berkley: University of California Press. Av‡iwdb, †njvjDwÏb Lvb. 1994. wkgywjqv: evsjv‡`‡ki cwieZ©bkxj K…wl KvVv‡gv, XvKv: mgvR wbix¶b †K›`ª| LvZzb, mv‡qgv .1999. bvixev`x BwZnvm iPbvi msKU, †evinvb DwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi( m¤úv) mgvR wbix¶Y 73 XvKv: XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq| ‡di‡`Šm, mvC`, (m¤úv.) 2007. we‡li wbkvb: ivR‰bwZK mwnsmZv Avi Awebvkx ˆPZ‡b¨i Mv_v: evsjv‡`k, 1989-2005, XvKv, GKkb GBW evsjv‡`k I KvD›Uvi d‡Uv- G †m›Uvi di KwgDwb‡Kkb| ‡e‡Uªv©wP, wcUvi .1992. A¯ úóMÖvg, c~e© cvwK¯ —v‡bi MÖvgxY mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv Ges mgcÖ`vqwfwËK msMVb, XvKv: b¨vkbvj BÝwUwUDU Ae †jvKvj MfY©‡g›U| f`ª †MŠZg I cv_© P‡Ævcva¨vq (m¤úv.).1998. wbæe‡M©i BwZnvm, KjKvZv, Avb›` cvewjkvm© cÖB‡fU wjwg‡UW| mygb, gvngy`yj .2011. mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv cÖm‡½ GKwU g‡bv‡jvM, b„weÁvb cwÎKv 16, Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq| ANTH 405: MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY This course introduces medical anthropology ranging from biological to cultural, economic and psychosocial factors affecting individual and public health. It will introduce the students to the basic concepts and theoretical paradigms of medical anthropology and their relationship to, and integration with, other health sciences. Furthermore, the course would enable the students to use the methods, theories and insights of anthropology to understand current local and global health problems, politics and concerns. A. Introduction to Medical Anthropology: Origin, Background and Development Medical anthropological response to recent epistemological/ anthropological crisis Rationalist and empiricist paradigm in anthropology (especially Levi-Strauss on rationality) The problem of belief in anthropology; Science, Salvation and Belief B. Basic Concepts in Medical Anthropology: Disease; Illness; Health; Sickness; Medical Pluralism; Ethno-medicine; Epidemiology, Cultural Epidemiology C. Perspectives in Medical Anthropology: Bio-medical/ clinical perspectives; Ecological perspectives: Culture as Environment; Ethno-medical perspectives; Feminist perspectives D. Approaches to Medical Anthropology: Folk beliefs model; Cognitive model; Interpretative model; Critical model/post modern model. E. The Hospital Ethnography Colonial and post-colonial context of disease and medicine: Historical and colonial construction of 'medicine' (preventive and curative approaches) Institutionalization of bio-medicine in the Third World F. Power , Knowledge and Medicine: Foucauldian formulation of medical gazes, discourse and power H. Food and Nutrition: Bio-medical Discourse of Food and Nutrition: Cultural construction of food and nutrition; Factors determining nutrition such as food intake, child caring eating behavior and Socioeconomic conditions; Political economy of nutrition 34 I. J. K. L. M. N. Indigenous Health Knowledge: Western orthodox and indigenous medicine Gender and Health: Modern medicine and construction of women body (abortion, family planning and menopause). Gender, cultural ideology and different medical practices Social and cultural dimensions of infectious disease Pharmaceuticals and Production of drugs Medical anthropology and Public Health Contemporary issues in Medical Anthropology : Organ Transplantation, Trafficking of Human Organ, Infectious Disease, Mental Health, Disability, Medical Anthropology in Bangladesh Reading List Chen, Lincoln C. et. al. eds. 1992. Advancing Health in Developing Countries. Auburn House: New York. Choudhury, A.F. Hasan, 1988. Disease Causation from Paradigmatic Points of View, The Journal of the Institute of Bangladesh Studies, Vol. 11, pp. 131-154 Carole M. Counihan & Others (eds) 1998. Food & Gender: Identity & Power, Harwood Academic Foucault, Michell 1973. Madness & Civilization: The History of Fusanity in the Age of Unreason: NY: Vintage Foucault, Michell 1973. The Birth of Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical perception: NY: Vintage Book Helman, Cecil, 2001, Culture, Health and Illness. London: Arnold Publishers Hardon A. et al. (Eds.), 2001. Applied health research: Anthropology of health and healthcare (pp. 26).Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis. Inhorm C. Marcia & Brown J. Peter 1997. The Anthropology of Infectious Disease, UK: Gordon & Breach Jalal, Shah & Ainoon Nahar 1994, Anthropology of Health and Illness: Bangladesh Perspective: Social Sciences Vols-XV-XVIII. Jalal Shah 2002. Anthropological understandings of Health and Disease, The Jahangirnagar Review (Social Science) Vols. XXV-XXVI: J. Good. 1994. Medicine, Rationality & Experience: Anthropological perspectives, Cambridge, Cambridge U. Press. Lindenbaum & Lock, Margarit (eds.) 1993. Knowledge, power & practice: The Anthropology of Medicine & Everyday life. University of California press, Berkeley. Landy, D., 1977. Culture, Disease and Healing: Studies in Medical Anthropology: New York: MacMillan Publishing Co. Landy, David (ed) 1977. Culture Disease and Healing, Macmillan publishing Co. Inc., Martin, Emily 1987., The Women in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction, Milton Keynes: Open Univ Press Nichter, Mark, 1992 Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Ethnomedicine. Gordon & Breach Pub Petersen Alam & Bunton Robin 1997. Foucault Health and Medicine , Routledge, London & New York. Pertti J. Pelto 2002. Qualitative Research Methods in Reproductive Health (eds) S. M. Nurul Alam, Contemporary Anthropology: Theory & Practice, Jahangirnagar University and UPL. Sargent, Carolyn and Thomas Johnson eds., 1996. Medical Anthropology: Contemporary Theory and Method. Greenwood Pub. Co. Schepr-Hughes N. and M. Lock 1987. The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology, Medical Anthropology Quarterly V-1. N-1. pp 6-41 Scheper Hughes, Nancy 1990, Tree Propositions for a Critically Applied Medical Anthropology, Social Science and Medicine. 30: 189-197. Sommerfeld, J. 1994. Emerging Epidemic Diseases: Anthropological Perspectives. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 740 (Disease in Evolution: Global Changes and Emergence of Infectious Diseases), 276-284. Weiner, J.S. and J. A.1998. Lourie, Practical Human Biology, New York: The Academic Press. ANTH 406: ENVIRONMENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY This course would examine environment from an anthropological perspective. A close look at the relationships between human being, nature and culture will be the central focus of the course. It will also emphasize on how people perceive the environment around them and how they cope up with it. A. Anthropological Approaches to the study of the Environment: 35 B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Introduction to Basic concepts: Adaptation and Culture, Human and Environment, Ecosystem and Subsistence, Nature, Culture and Society From Cultural Ecology to Ecological Anthropology: Theories of Julian Steward, Leslie White, Elman Service and Marshall Sahlins, Clifford Geertz, Marvin Harris, Roy Rappaport, John Bennett, Emilio Moran, Roy Ellen, Benjamin Orlove The Idea of Environmentalism: Ecofeminism, Sustainable Development: Climate Environment and Development; Biodiversity Conservation, Environmental Ethics, Post-modern Environmental ethics Methods of Environmental Anthropology: Use of Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Satellite Imagery etc. Studies of Human Adaptability in different Ecosystem: Arctic Zones, High Altitudes, Arid Lands, Grasslands and Humid Tropics Global Environmental Issues: Environmental Degradation, Natural and Man-made Disasters, Bio-Hazards, Nuclear Hazards, Deforestation,Environmental Politics, Environmental Movements around the world: UNEP, Green Peace and other Environmental NGOS Bangladesh Context: Arsenic Contamination in Ground Water, Cyclones and Floods, Urban Environmental Degradation, Deforestation, etc. Current Trends in Ecological Anthropology: Political ecology, Historical Ecology, Human Ecology Reading List Bennett, 1976: The Ecological Transition, London: Pergamon Press Bryant, R. L. & S. Baily, 1997: Third World Political Ecolog , London: Routledge Ellen 1982 : Environment, Subsistence and System, Cambridge: Cup Geertz 1963: Agricultural Involution, Berkley: UC Press Harris, M. 1974: Cows, Pigs, Wars and Witches, NY: Uintage Press Hussain, M. Akbar, 2001, Human-Environment Relationship: Anthropological Theoretical Perspectives, Jahangirnagar Review (Social Science), 25:71-82 …….. 1999, Disaster Subculture: A Study in a Coastal Village in Bangladesh, Studies in Ethnology, 30 (1-17) ……… 2001, Anthropological Approach to the Study of Natural Disasters, Journal of Anthropology, 6:67-85 Kottak, C. 1999 The New Ecological Anthropology, American Anthropologist, 101: 19-35 Kroeber, A.L. 1939 : Cultural and Natural Areas of Natuiu North America, Berkley : UC Press Milton, Kay, 1992, Environmentalism, London: Routledge Moaran, 2000: Human Adaptability: Introduction to Ecological Anthropology, Colorado: Westview Rress Moran, 1984: Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology: Washinto: AA for Advancement of Science. Moran 1990: Ecosystem Approach in Anthropology: From Concept to Practice, Ann Arbor: U. Michigan Press. Moran 1996 : Transforming Societies, Transforming Anthropology : Ann Arbor: UMP. NRC: Global Environmental Change: Understanding the Human Dimensions, Washington : National Aca. Press Netting, 1977: Cultural Ecology, Menlo Park, CA: Cummings. Ohtsuka, R. & T. Suzuki, 1990: Population Ecology of Human Evolution, Tokyo: UTP Rappaport, R. A., 1968: Pigs for the Ancestors, New Haven:Yale Univ. Press Rappaport, R.A., 1973: Ecology, Meaning and Religion, New York: Yale Univ. Press Sahhins, Md. 1964, Cultural & Environment, in Sol. Tax (ed) Horizons in Anthropology, Chicago: Aldine Sahlins & Service: 1960 : Evolution and Culture, Ann Arbor: UMichigh Press Steward, J. H. 1977: Evolution and Ecology, Urbana : U. Illiness P. Vayda : 1969 : Environment and Cultural Behavior, Ann Arbor: U. Michigan Press White, L. A. 1943: Energy & Evolution of Cultures: American Anthropologist 45:335-56 ANTH 407: EMERGING ISSUES This course will focus on selected issues both at global and local levels. The course teacher is entitled to select 4-5 issues. Some examples could be as: 36 Civil Society, Human Rights and Democracy, Globalization, Trans National Corporations, Arms Race, Terrorism, Consumer Culture & Popular Culture, Weapons of Mass Destruction, Corruption, Military Democracy, ANTH 408: DISSERTATION The aim of this course is to train students in identifying research problems, and in exploring them conceptually as well empirically through guided reading and fieldwork. As part of this course, each student will submit a research proposal at the beginning of the academic year, and upon approval, will carry out research under the supervision of a faculty member from this department and will submit a research monograph at the end of the 4th year (specific deadline to be set by the Part-IV Examination Committee). The monograph should be typed in 1.5 or double-space approximately of 15,000-25,000 words, containing a discussion of the research problem in the context of relevant literature, along with a discussion on research area(s), fieldwork methods employed, and findings, a bibliography of all books and articles consulted would be included. Tables, charts, maps and appendices may be included if and when necessary. Note: 70 marks will be allotted for the assessment of a monograph compulsory for each student that will be written having fieldwork completed. Further, 20 marks will be allotted for viva voce which is to be conducted by a board consist of members of the Part-IV Examination Committee while 10 marks will be given by the supervisor based on the performance of the student’s with regards to consistency of keeping the fieldwork in consultation with supervisor. 37
