![Institutional Systems and Economic Growth](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015903666_1-a2f2706e795d97059d77c2eff24ea7b3-300x300.png)
Robert NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PUBLIC FINANCE IN MODELS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
... subject to congestion, and are therefore rival but to some extent nonexcludable. In these cases, income taxation works approximately as a user fee and can therefore be superior to lump-sum taxation. In particular, the incentives for investment and growth are too high if taxes are lump sum. We argue ...
... subject to congestion, and are therefore rival but to some extent nonexcludable. In these cases, income taxation works approximately as a user fee and can therefore be superior to lump-sum taxation. In particular, the incentives for investment and growth are too high if taxes are lump sum. We argue ...
growthfin_slides_AFA - Duke University`s Fuqua School of
... » increased investment, partially through a cost of capital effect and » increased productivity (which is different from the financial development literature) ...
... » increased investment, partially through a cost of capital effect and » increased productivity (which is different from the financial development literature) ...
An employment- oriented investment strAtegy for europe
... quarter of 2014, of which close to 12 million have been looking for a job for one year or more. The increase in the incidence of long-term unemployment has been particularly acute in some countries, such as Cyprus, Ireland and Spain, where the long-term unemployment rate increased by more than 25 pe ...
... quarter of 2014, of which close to 12 million have been looking for a job for one year or more. The increase in the incidence of long-term unemployment has been particularly acute in some countries, such as Cyprus, Ireland and Spain, where the long-term unemployment rate increased by more than 25 pe ...
SHADOW ECONOMIES_forthcoming_ITax
... of the public sector services is thus also a crucial causal variable for people’s decision to work or not work in the shadow economy. To capture this effect, we have the following variable: Government Effectiveness from the World Bank´s Worldwide Governance Indicators. It captures perceptions of the ...
... of the public sector services is thus also a crucial causal variable for people’s decision to work or not work in the shadow economy. To capture this effect, we have the following variable: Government Effectiveness from the World Bank´s Worldwide Governance Indicators. It captures perceptions of the ...
Beyond capital fundamentalism
... Whether we could profitably invest a larger fraction of our national income is a controversial subject among economists. Much of course depends on the concomitant growth of the labor force and on technological progress. Without these two, and particularly the latter, the output contributed by an ext ...
... Whether we could profitably invest a larger fraction of our national income is a controversial subject among economists. Much of course depends on the concomitant growth of the labor force and on technological progress. Without these two, and particularly the latter, the output contributed by an ext ...
The Outlook for Real Estate Markets in Japan
... Over recent years there has been a surge of interest from both domestic and foreign investors in Japanese real estate markets. Investment transactions in Tokyo’s commercial real estate market have increased over 13-fold in four years to circa US$30 billion in 20061. As allocations to real estate hav ...
... Over recent years there has been a surge of interest from both domestic and foreign investors in Japanese real estate markets. Investment transactions in Tokyo’s commercial real estate market have increased over 13-fold in four years to circa US$30 billion in 20061. As allocations to real estate hav ...
National income accounting:
... worker (C/L), production per worker (Y/L), the real wage (W/P), and the real return on capital (r =MPK- ). Also calculate long-run equilibrium of GDP (Y). 7b. What is the effect on the long-run equilibrium values of K/L, Y/L, W/P, and the real return on capital (r) if n increases? No need to calcu ...
... worker (C/L), production per worker (Y/L), the real wage (W/P), and the real return on capital (r =MPK- ). Also calculate long-run equilibrium of GDP (Y). 7b. What is the effect on the long-run equilibrium values of K/L, Y/L, W/P, and the real return on capital (r) if n increases? No need to calcu ...
11-8 (Key Question) Suppose the Yukon Bank has the following
... The marginal benefit curve is downward sloping, MB falls as more of a product is consumed because additional units of a good yield less satisfaction than previous units. The marginal cost curve is upward sloping, MC increases as more of a product is produced since additional units require the use of ...
... The marginal benefit curve is downward sloping, MB falls as more of a product is consumed because additional units of a good yield less satisfaction than previous units. The marginal cost curve is upward sloping, MC increases as more of a product is produced since additional units require the use of ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
... Measuring nominal GDP ..................................................................................................................6 Issues in comparing nominal GDP ..............................................................................................6 The treatment of expenditure on mi ...
... Measuring nominal GDP ..................................................................................................................6 Issues in comparing nominal GDP ..............................................................................................6 The treatment of expenditure on mi ...
Chapter 1 An introduction to economics
... place in order to make our lives more enjoyable and/or activity that is designed to help us achieve our goals or to complete our daily chores. The economic activity that we engage in will involve numerous transactions – which typically involve the exchange of money for something in return. For examp ...
... place in order to make our lives more enjoyable and/or activity that is designed to help us achieve our goals or to complete our daily chores. The economic activity that we engage in will involve numerous transactions – which typically involve the exchange of money for something in return. For examp ...
Investigating the Productivity of Singapore
... the manufacturing sector, labor productivity in 2001 was less than that in 2000. However, its total factor productivity and capital productivity maintained at an equitable level, even during the global economy recession. This consistency could be ascribed to Singapore’s efforts in promoting science ...
... the manufacturing sector, labor productivity in 2001 was less than that in 2000. However, its total factor productivity and capital productivity maintained at an equitable level, even during the global economy recession. This consistency could be ascribed to Singapore’s efforts in promoting science ...
The Relationship between Savings and Growth in South Africa
... Indeed, the empirical evidence to date has shown that there is a relationship between saving rates and growth. During 1984-94, 31 countries had average annual per capita GDP growth rates of 2.5% or higher. In these successful countries the median saving rate was 24%. By contrast, the median saving r ...
... Indeed, the empirical evidence to date has shown that there is a relationship between saving rates and growth. During 1984-94, 31 countries had average annual per capita GDP growth rates of 2.5% or higher. In these successful countries the median saving rate was 24%. By contrast, the median saving r ...
The Least Developed Countries Report 2013
... country can produce and sell. In this respect, productive capacities are countryspecific and differ enormously from one country to the other. They also determine the quantity and the quality of the goods and services which a country can produce at a given time. Such potential production is obviously ...
... country can produce and sell. In this respect, productive capacities are countryspecific and differ enormously from one country to the other. They also determine the quantity and the quality of the goods and services which a country can produce at a given time. Such potential production is obviously ...
Introduction to Macroeconomics
... aggregate demand to affect the levels of employment and outputs and solve recession The increasing of the AD will increase the labor demand and will create income and eliminate the unemployment. ...
... aggregate demand to affect the levels of employment and outputs and solve recession The increasing of the AD will increase the labor demand and will create income and eliminate the unemployment. ...
ge06 bowen 2304563 en
... goods and factors among members and whose members share the same technology. We first demonstrate that, within an FIE, each member’s share of total FIE output and its shares of total FIE stocks of productive factors will be equal. If economic policies are largely harmonized across FIE members then t ...
... goods and factors among members and whose members share the same technology. We first demonstrate that, within an FIE, each member’s share of total FIE output and its shares of total FIE stocks of productive factors will be equal. If economic policies are largely harmonized across FIE members then t ...
Relative Prices and Demand (cont.)
... • The magnitude of this effect depends on the size of the home country relative to the world economy. – If the country is a small part of the world economy, its tariff (or subsidy) policies will not have much effect on world relative supply and demand, and thus on the terms of trade. – But for large ...
... • The magnitude of this effect depends on the size of the home country relative to the world economy. – If the country is a small part of the world economy, its tariff (or subsidy) policies will not have much effect on world relative supply and demand, and thus on the terms of trade. – But for large ...
O`Sullivan Sheffrin Peres 6e
... Crowding Out in the Long Run Starting at full employment, an increase in government spending raises output above full employment. As wages and prices increase, the demand for money increases, as shown in Panel A, raising interest rates from r0 to r1 (point a to point b) and reducing investment from ...
... Crowding Out in the Long Run Starting at full employment, an increase in government spending raises output above full employment. As wages and prices increase, the demand for money increases, as shown in Panel A, raising interest rates from r0 to r1 (point a to point b) and reducing investment from ...
Trends in potential output
... The link between firms’ dynamics, economic activity and total factor productivity (TFP) has been widely discussed in the economic literature. The shedding of unproductive firms and the entry of more productive ones is a process that has been identified as an important driver of changes in aggregate ...
... The link between firms’ dynamics, economic activity and total factor productivity (TFP) has been widely discussed in the economic literature. The shedding of unproductive firms and the entry of more productive ones is a process that has been identified as an important driver of changes in aggregate ...
Aggregate Demand
... Macroeconomic Schools of Thought The Keynesian View A Keynesian macroeconomist believes that left alone, the economy would rarely operate at full employment and that to achieve and maintain full employment, active help from fiscal policy and monetary policy is required. The term “Keynesian” derives ...
... Macroeconomic Schools of Thought The Keynesian View A Keynesian macroeconomist believes that left alone, the economy would rarely operate at full employment and that to achieve and maintain full employment, active help from fiscal policy and monetary policy is required. The term “Keynesian” derives ...
microyellow4spring2013answers2
... 4. Other things equal, if wage rates increase by 20 percent, the greatest decline in employment will occur when labor costs are a: A. large proportion of total costs and product demand is elastic. B. small proportion of total costs and product demand is elastic. C. large proportion of total costs an ...
... 4. Other things equal, if wage rates increase by 20 percent, the greatest decline in employment will occur when labor costs are a: A. large proportion of total costs and product demand is elastic. B. small proportion of total costs and product demand is elastic. C. large proportion of total costs an ...
Mankiw 6e PowerPoints
... Total output is determined by the economy’s quantities of capital and labor the level of technology Competitive firms hire each factor until its marginal product equals its price. ...
... Total output is determined by the economy’s quantities of capital and labor the level of technology Competitive firms hire each factor until its marginal product equals its price. ...
Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory
The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesises that the government of any underdeveloped country needs to make large investments in a number of industries simultaneously. This will enlarge the market size, increase productivity, and provide an incentive for the private sector to invest.Nurkse was in favour of attaining balanced growth in both the industrial and agricultural sectors of the economy. He recognised that the expansion and inter-sectoral balance between agriculture and manufacturing is necessary so that each of these sectors provides a market for the products of the other and in turn, supplies the necessary raw materials for the development and growth of the other.Nurkse and Paul Rosenstein-Rodan were the pioneers of balanced growth theory and much of how it is understood today dates back to their work.Nurkse's theory discusses how the poor size of the market in underdeveloped countries perpetuates its underdeveloped state. Nurkse has also clarified the various determinants of the market size and puts primary focus on productivity. According to him, if the productivity levels rise in a less developed country, its market size will expand and thus it can eventually become a developed economy. Apart from this, Nurkse has been nicknamed an export pessimist, as he feels that the finances to make investments in underdeveloped countries must arise from their own domestic territory. No importance should be given to promoting exports.