industrialization of economies with low manufacturing base
... The time I had for my family and close ones during the study was too short and hopefully I will compensate soon. ...
... The time I had for my family and close ones during the study was too short and hopefully I will compensate soon. ...
paper - AET Papers Repository
... a high and rising standard of living. In most nations, the standard of living is determined by the productivity with which the nation’s resources are deployed, the output of the economy per unit of labour and/or capital employed. Thus, continuous improvements in productivity will lead to a higher li ...
... a high and rising standard of living. In most nations, the standard of living is determined by the productivity with which the nation’s resources are deployed, the output of the economy per unit of labour and/or capital employed. Thus, continuous improvements in productivity will lead to a higher li ...
PDF
... behaviour (Brownsberger 1983). As a result, most Lebanese regardless of their religion, social status, location, political affiliations or wealth are unwilling to change the present system, not because they are ignorant of its consequences, but because they have developed a stake in maintaining it. ...
... behaviour (Brownsberger 1983). As a result, most Lebanese regardless of their religion, social status, location, political affiliations or wealth are unwilling to change the present system, not because they are ignorant of its consequences, but because they have developed a stake in maintaining it. ...
APO Productivity Databook 2015 (PDF 12MB)
... industry origins of the growth. This complete analysis provides readers with a more comprehensive description and comparison of a given country’s economic structure and characteristics. Baseline indicators on economic growth and labor productivity are calculated for 30 Asian economies, representing ...
... industry origins of the growth. This complete analysis provides readers with a more comprehensive description and comparison of a given country’s economic structure and characteristics. Baseline indicators on economic growth and labor productivity are calculated for 30 Asian economies, representing ...
Local Risk, Local Factors, and Asset Prices∗
... decisions are also endogenously determined in equilibrium. The calibration of the model generates the main empirical patterns observed in the data: High beta areas have more pro-cyclical wages and real estate prices (i.e., higher covariance between aggregate productivity and local factor prices) tha ...
... decisions are also endogenously determined in equilibrium. The calibration of the model generates the main empirical patterns observed in the data: High beta areas have more pro-cyclical wages and real estate prices (i.e., higher covariance between aggregate productivity and local factor prices) tha ...
Chapter- 4: Consumption & Saving (استهلاك و إنقاذ)
... 1. The French economist Jean-Baptiste Say transformed the equality of total output and total spending into a law that can be expressed as follows: a. Unemployment is not possible in the short run. b. Demand and supply are never equal. c. Supply creates its own demand. d. Demand creates its own suppl ...
... 1. The French economist Jean-Baptiste Say transformed the equality of total output and total spending into a law that can be expressed as follows: a. Unemployment is not possible in the short run. b. Demand and supply are never equal. c. Supply creates its own demand. d. Demand creates its own suppl ...
Reaction
... is expected to emerge as the thirdlargest producer of PTA and the secondlargest producer of PX in the world. However, both RIL and its challengers will continue to enjoy India’s basic economic growth drivers: a large, relatively young population and a rapidly expanding middle class hungry for new pr ...
... is expected to emerge as the thirdlargest producer of PTA and the secondlargest producer of PX in the world. However, both RIL and its challengers will continue to enjoy India’s basic economic growth drivers: a large, relatively young population and a rapidly expanding middle class hungry for new pr ...
Britz: CAP post 2013 * Quantitative Analysis with
... Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University Bonn ...
... Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University Bonn ...
CHAPTER 7A
... benefits, such as inflows of capital, technology, skills and jobs, and costs, such as repatriation of profits to the home country and a negative balance of payments effect According to this view, FDI should be allowed only if the benefits outweigh the costs countries in the European Union try to ...
... benefits, such as inflows of capital, technology, skills and jobs, and costs, such as repatriation of profits to the home country and a negative balance of payments effect According to this view, FDI should be allowed only if the benefits outweigh the costs countries in the European Union try to ...
CHAPTER 13 | Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Analysis
... quantity of real GDP demanded. We assume that government purchases do not change as the price level changes. There are three reasons why the other components of real GDP change as the price level changes: The wealth effect. As the price level increases, the real value of household wealth falls, and ...
... quantity of real GDP demanded. We assume that government purchases do not change as the price level changes. There are three reasons why the other components of real GDP change as the price level changes: The wealth effect. As the price level increases, the real value of household wealth falls, and ...
Figure 7 Employment growth rate
... study of wildly heterogenic study objects, which can easily support such a statement. Can the same assumptions be confirmed for a more homogenic study group? To explore that issue, data for the trajectory of GDP, employment, entrepreneurship, opportunity and necessity-motivated ratios for the EU-15 ...
... study of wildly heterogenic study objects, which can easily support such a statement. Can the same assumptions be confirmed for a more homogenic study group? To explore that issue, data for the trajectory of GDP, employment, entrepreneurship, opportunity and necessity-motivated ratios for the EU-15 ...
The economywide impacts of migration
... through natural increase and NOM and their effects on growth in the economy through changes in labour force participation and labour productivity over time. Under the dynamic approach, the scenarios focus on the path of the economy with alternative assumptions on the annual rate of NOM over the peri ...
... through natural increase and NOM and their effects on growth in the economy through changes in labour force participation and labour productivity over time. Under the dynamic approach, the scenarios focus on the path of the economy with alternative assumptions on the annual rate of NOM over the peri ...
The current account and precautionary savings for
... 2–3 times higher than in other economies (see panel a in Fig. 1). This finding remains valid in sample sub-periods (see panel a in Fig. 2). Although income volatility has decreased in recent decades, exhaustible resource countries continue to stand out. As of 2007, the 10-year rolling income volatili ...
... 2–3 times higher than in other economies (see panel a in Fig. 1). This finding remains valid in sample sub-periods (see panel a in Fig. 2). Although income volatility has decreased in recent decades, exhaustible resource countries continue to stand out. As of 2007, the 10-year rolling income volatili ...
Chapter 2. Can Fiscal Policy Stabilize Output?
... is influenced by the nature of the disturbance itself, blurring the direction of causality between policies and outcomes. To the extent possible, econometric techniques were selected to minimize that risk (Annex 2.1). Furthermore, even when output stabilization is beneficial, it is not always a prio ...
... is influenced by the nature of the disturbance itself, blurring the direction of causality between policies and outcomes. To the extent possible, econometric techniques were selected to minimize that risk (Annex 2.1). Furthermore, even when output stabilization is beneficial, it is not always a prio ...
100 80 60 40
... the world pose a major risk for the economy of the Asian and Pacific region in 2006. A rapid unwinding of these imbalances could create large upheavals in the international financial markets and cause significant exchange rate instability not merely involving the dollar but perhaps several currencie ...
... the world pose a major risk for the economy of the Asian and Pacific region in 2006. A rapid unwinding of these imbalances could create large upheavals in the international financial markets and cause significant exchange rate instability not merely involving the dollar but perhaps several currencie ...
Alternative Methods of Estimating Potential Output and
... usefulness of estimating the output gap is to help identify the scope for sustainable noninflationary growth and allow an assessment of the stance of macroeconomic policies.2 The level of actual output relative to the potential level of output determines whether economic policy should be directed to ...
... usefulness of estimating the output gap is to help identify the scope for sustainable noninflationary growth and allow an assessment of the stance of macroeconomic policies.2 The level of actual output relative to the potential level of output determines whether economic policy should be directed to ...
Principles of Macroeconomics for AP® Courses
... Principles of Macroeconomics for AP® Courses can be easily customized using our online platform (http://cnx.org/ content/col11626/). Simply select the content most relevant to your current semester and create a textbook that speaks directly to the needs of your class. Principles of Macroeconomics fo ...
... Principles of Macroeconomics for AP® Courses can be easily customized using our online platform (http://cnx.org/ content/col11626/). Simply select the content most relevant to your current semester and create a textbook that speaks directly to the needs of your class. Principles of Macroeconomics fo ...
Crisis and Consumption Smoothing
... across different categories and classes of economies is a consequence of active smoothing of consumption expenditures by consumers in response to a crisis. In other words, it is the consumer's decisions on how much to spend and the allocation of this expenditures across their consumption basket foll ...
... across different categories and classes of economies is a consequence of active smoothing of consumption expenditures by consumers in response to a crisis. In other words, it is the consumer's decisions on how much to spend and the allocation of this expenditures across their consumption basket foll ...
Effects of Corruption on FDI Inflow in Asian Economies - S
... that FDI reduces income inequality via the Kuznets effect in which income inequality increases at first as per capita income grows but declines later once a certain level of development has been attained (Jin 2009). Along with this, an extensive network of bilateral and regional investment agreement ...
... that FDI reduces income inequality via the Kuznets effect in which income inequality increases at first as per capita income grows but declines later once a certain level of development has been attained (Jin 2009). Along with this, an extensive network of bilateral and regional investment agreement ...
FREE Sample Here
... the goods and services they need, any instances where they do not adequately fulfil those needs means that consumers are more likely to want mixed or market economies. In these kinds of economies, consumers have more control over the goods and services they receive. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Objective: W ...
... the goods and services they need, any instances where they do not adequately fulfil those needs means that consumers are more likely to want mixed or market economies. In these kinds of economies, consumers have more control over the goods and services they receive. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Objective: W ...
Preview Sample 2
... 23) What is a plausible reason for communist-based economies to convert to market economies or mixed economies? A) The state fails to deliver goods and services equally and/or adequately. B) The state runs out of workers due to diminishing motivation. C) The state cannot compete with privately owned ...
... 23) What is a plausible reason for communist-based economies to convert to market economies or mixed economies? A) The state fails to deliver goods and services equally and/or adequately. B) The state runs out of workers due to diminishing motivation. C) The state cannot compete with privately owned ...
Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory
The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesises that the government of any underdeveloped country needs to make large investments in a number of industries simultaneously. This will enlarge the market size, increase productivity, and provide an incentive for the private sector to invest.Nurkse was in favour of attaining balanced growth in both the industrial and agricultural sectors of the economy. He recognised that the expansion and inter-sectoral balance between agriculture and manufacturing is necessary so that each of these sectors provides a market for the products of the other and in turn, supplies the necessary raw materials for the development and growth of the other.Nurkse and Paul Rosenstein-Rodan were the pioneers of balanced growth theory and much of how it is understood today dates back to their work.Nurkse's theory discusses how the poor size of the market in underdeveloped countries perpetuates its underdeveloped state. Nurkse has also clarified the various determinants of the market size and puts primary focus on productivity. According to him, if the productivity levels rise in a less developed country, its market size will expand and thus it can eventually become a developed economy. Apart from this, Nurkse has been nicknamed an export pessimist, as he feels that the finances to make investments in underdeveloped countries must arise from their own domestic territory. No importance should be given to promoting exports.