Bureaucratic Corruption and Endogenous Economic Growth Isaac
... stages of economic development, and under different political and economic regimes. There appears to be considerable diversity in its incidence, however, as indicated by some international corruption measures. This diversity and its association with economic growth and development are the focus of t ...
... stages of economic development, and under different political and economic regimes. There appears to be considerable diversity in its incidence, however, as indicated by some international corruption measures. This diversity and its association with economic growth and development are the focus of t ...
EUROPEAN COMMISSION PUBLIC CONSULTATION ON THE
... The short-term priority of stabilising the economy after the financial crisis has been met, after some time and with a severe social impact, especially in the field of employment. The long term priority of delivering real growth and competitiveness for the EU economy has not been achieved. Overall, ...
... The short-term priority of stabilising the economy after the financial crisis has been met, after some time and with a severe social impact, especially in the field of employment. The long term priority of delivering real growth and competitiveness for the EU economy has not been achieved. Overall, ...
CHAPTER 32
... 2. The U.S. economy has enough productive capacity to provide its citizens, on average with a relatively high standard of living. 3. The problem facing Western societies is as much seeing that all members of those societies share in that high standard of living as it is raising the standard. 4. In d ...
... 2. The U.S. economy has enough productive capacity to provide its citizens, on average with a relatively high standard of living. 3. The problem facing Western societies is as much seeing that all members of those societies share in that high standard of living as it is raising the standard. 4. In d ...
Treasury Working Paper 2013-02: Long-term
... Economists have long grappled with the question of why some countries grow faster than others. The literature on growth and development is rich with theories of the determinants of economic growth. The dominant paradigm is the neo-classical growth model which assumes growth is determined in the long ...
... Economists have long grappled with the question of why some countries grow faster than others. The literature on growth and development is rich with theories of the determinants of economic growth. The dominant paradigm is the neo-classical growth model which assumes growth is determined in the long ...
Politics of Economic Growth in India, 1980
... states helped facilitate the availability of capital, labour, technology, and even entrepreneurship. Thus supply of capital was boosted at times by superior tax collection and public investment, at other times by using publicly controlled banks to direct credit to preferred private firms and sectors ...
... states helped facilitate the availability of capital, labour, technology, and even entrepreneurship. Thus supply of capital was boosted at times by superior tax collection and public investment, at other times by using publicly controlled banks to direct credit to preferred private firms and sectors ...
Chapter 7
... Why were real wages temporarily so high during this period? The simple answer was the bubonic plague—also known as the Black Death— that arrived from Asia in 1348 and caused a long decline in total population through the 1450s. With fewer workers, there was less labor supplied to the market. The res ...
... Why were real wages temporarily so high during this period? The simple answer was the bubonic plague—also known as the Black Death— that arrived from Asia in 1348 and caused a long decline in total population through the 1450s. With fewer workers, there was less labor supplied to the market. The res ...
Experience of Determining of Government Spending Multipliers in
... 2. Negative impact of growth in public spending on production of a number of sectors (construction, machine-building, research and development) on the dynamics of the gross output of the second subdivision is explained by two factors a) the redistribution of resources in favor of industries producin ...
... 2. Negative impact of growth in public spending on production of a number of sectors (construction, machine-building, research and development) on the dynamics of the gross output of the second subdivision is explained by two factors a) the redistribution of resources in favor of industries producin ...
Chapter22
... The U.S. government raises revenue using various taxes. The most important taxes for the federal government are individual income taxes and patrol taxes for social insurance. The most important taxes for state and local governments are sales taxes and property taxes. The efficiency of a tax system r ...
... The U.S. government raises revenue using various taxes. The most important taxes for the federal government are individual income taxes and patrol taxes for social insurance. The most important taxes for state and local governments are sales taxes and property taxes. The efficiency of a tax system r ...
please click here (Microsoft Word Document)
... exhausted absorption capacity of the internal market countries had to expand externally not to stagnate their economic development. Notably, while promoting import substitution Latin American countries established industries based not on real competitiveness, but rather on man-made administrative an ...
... exhausted absorption capacity of the internal market countries had to expand externally not to stagnate their economic development. Notably, while promoting import substitution Latin American countries established industries based not on real competitiveness, but rather on man-made administrative an ...
Behavior of Interest Rates
... • Occurs at a price P where the amount of bonds Bd that people are willing to buy (demand) equals the amount Bs that people are willing to sell (supply). • If P is such that Bd = Bs, then P is called a market equilibrium (or market clearing) bond price. price • If P is such that Bd > Bs (excess dema ...
... • Occurs at a price P where the amount of bonds Bd that people are willing to buy (demand) equals the amount Bs that people are willing to sell (supply). • If P is such that Bd = Bs, then P is called a market equilibrium (or market clearing) bond price. price • If P is such that Bd > Bs (excess dema ...
2004 - PDST
... 3. Sole rights to raw materials. A firm may have complete control over the source of essential raw materials i.e. an oil drilling company. 4. Large capital investment. • In some industries the minimum size of a firm required to operate efficiently is so large that there is no room for competitors on ...
... 3. Sole rights to raw materials. A firm may have complete control over the source of essential raw materials i.e. an oil drilling company. 4. Large capital investment. • In some industries the minimum size of a firm required to operate efficiently is so large that there is no room for competitors on ...
O`Sullivan Sheffrin Peres 6e
... Why were real wages temporarily so high during this period? The simple answer was the bubonic plague—also known as the Black Death— that arrived from Asia in 1348 and caused a long decline in total population through the 1450s. With fewer workers, there was less labor supplied to the market. The res ...
... Why were real wages temporarily so high during this period? The simple answer was the bubonic plague—also known as the Black Death— that arrived from Asia in 1348 and caused a long decline in total population through the 1450s. With fewer workers, there was less labor supplied to the market. The res ...
Slowdown in growth in the emerging market economies
... formal labour market dominates. This is often not the case in emerging market economies, or only to a limited extent.4 An alternative to the aforementioned approaches is represented by univariate filters that smooth real gross domestic product (GDP) over time. However, there are conceptual differenc ...
... formal labour market dominates. This is often not the case in emerging market economies, or only to a limited extent.4 An alternative to the aforementioned approaches is represented by univariate filters that smooth real gross domestic product (GDP) over time. However, there are conceptual differenc ...
The Productivity Paradox of the New Digital Economy
... Despite a rapid increase in business spending on capital and services in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the New Digital Economy (mobile technology, the internet, and cloud) has not yet generated any visible improvement in productivity growth. This article reviews the latest evidence ...
... Despite a rapid increase in business spending on capital and services in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the New Digital Economy (mobile technology, the internet, and cloud) has not yet generated any visible improvement in productivity growth. This article reviews the latest evidence ...
lesson 1
... increase in interest rates. When the government borrows money to finance its deficit, this results in an increase in the demand for money, or, alternatively, the demand for loanable funds. This in turn results in an increase in the interest rate. A higher interest rate causes decreases in investment ...
... increase in interest rates. When the government borrows money to finance its deficit, this results in an increase in the demand for money, or, alternatively, the demand for loanable funds. This in turn results in an increase in the interest rate. A higher interest rate causes decreases in investment ...
The Confidence Fairy in Historical Perspective
... Jean-Baptiste Say: 1829: The Bank [of England]… forced the return of its banknotes… cease[d] to discount commercial bills…. Commerce found itself deprived at a stroke of the advances on which it had counted, be it to create new businesses, or to give a lease of life to the old. As the bills that bus ...
... Jean-Baptiste Say: 1829: The Bank [of England]… forced the return of its banknotes… cease[d] to discount commercial bills…. Commerce found itself deprived at a stroke of the advances on which it had counted, be it to create new businesses, or to give a lease of life to the old. As the bills that bus ...
Lecture 9
... The Unique Characteristics of Transport A Chicago firm selling goods in Seattle will truck them there by way of inter-state highways across South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Although the infrastructure in those states contributes to income reported as produced in Illinois, the method of an ...
... The Unique Characteristics of Transport A Chicago firm selling goods in Seattle will truck them there by way of inter-state highways across South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Although the infrastructure in those states contributes to income reported as produced in Illinois, the method of an ...
IMA612S-2015-Unit four (4) final
... determined largely by the spending plans of households, businesses, and government. The more people want to spend, the more goods and services firms can sell. The more firms can sell, the more output they will choose to produce and the more workers they will choose to hire. Keynes believed that the ...
... determined largely by the spending plans of households, businesses, and government. The more people want to spend, the more goods and services firms can sell. The more firms can sell, the more output they will choose to produce and the more workers they will choose to hire. Keynes believed that the ...
ANSWERS TO HOMEWORK QUESTIONS Chapter 3
... 1. Credit items in the current account are exports of goods and services, income receipts from abroad and incoming unilateral transfers. Debit items in the current account are imports of goods and services, income payments to foreigners, and outgoing unilateral transfers. Adding all of the credit it ...
... 1. Credit items in the current account are exports of goods and services, income receipts from abroad and incoming unilateral transfers. Debit items in the current account are imports of goods and services, income payments to foreigners, and outgoing unilateral transfers. Adding all of the credit it ...
Chapter 20 – Practice Questions 1. Which of the following is correct
... b. They are associated with comparatively large declines in investment spending. c. They are any period when real GDP growth is less than average. d. They tend to be associated with falling unemployment rates. ...
... b. They are associated with comparatively large declines in investment spending. c. They are any period when real GDP growth is less than average. d. They tend to be associated with falling unemployment rates. ...
Power Point Unit Four
... charge higher interest rates to get a REAL return on their loans. • Higher interest rates discourage consumer spending and business investment. • Ex: Increase in prices leads to an increase in the interest rate from 5% to 25%. You are less likely to take out loans to improve your business. • Result… ...
... charge higher interest rates to get a REAL return on their loans. • Higher interest rates discourage consumer spending and business investment. • Ex: Increase in prices leads to an increase in the interest rate from 5% to 25%. You are less likely to take out loans to improve your business. • Result… ...
When Y - The University of Chicago Booth School of Business
... What is the intuition of the government spending multiplier? By increasing government spending, it puts money into the economy. (If the government hires a worker to build a road, it will put money in that worker’s pocket. If that worker was liquidity constrained before, he will now spend that money ...
... What is the intuition of the government spending multiplier? By increasing government spending, it puts money into the economy. (If the government hires a worker to build a road, it will put money in that worker’s pocket. If that worker was liquidity constrained before, he will now spend that money ...
Neoliberalism and Regional Development in Latin America
... is linked to the success of regional producers to insert themselves in the global economy - normally with the assistance of international intermediaries. A complex patchwork of regions and sub-regions thus evolves in terms of the comparative advantage and factor endowments of regions in world market ...
... is linked to the success of regional producers to insert themselves in the global economy - normally with the assistance of international intermediaries. A complex patchwork of regions and sub-regions thus evolves in terms of the comparative advantage and factor endowments of regions in world market ...
Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory
The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesises that the government of any underdeveloped country needs to make large investments in a number of industries simultaneously. This will enlarge the market size, increase productivity, and provide an incentive for the private sector to invest.Nurkse was in favour of attaining balanced growth in both the industrial and agricultural sectors of the economy. He recognised that the expansion and inter-sectoral balance between agriculture and manufacturing is necessary so that each of these sectors provides a market for the products of the other and in turn, supplies the necessary raw materials for the development and growth of the other.Nurkse and Paul Rosenstein-Rodan were the pioneers of balanced growth theory and much of how it is understood today dates back to their work.Nurkse's theory discusses how the poor size of the market in underdeveloped countries perpetuates its underdeveloped state. Nurkse has also clarified the various determinants of the market size and puts primary focus on productivity. According to him, if the productivity levels rise in a less developed country, its market size will expand and thus it can eventually become a developed economy. Apart from this, Nurkse has been nicknamed an export pessimist, as he feels that the finances to make investments in underdeveloped countries must arise from their own domestic territory. No importance should be given to promoting exports.