grade 12 life sciences learner notes
... 2.2. The DNA molecule The DNA molecule is a double helix (twisted) strand. The four nitrogenous bases can be arranged in any order with a purine attached to a pyrimidine. The combination of nitrogenous bases is the code system for the messages from the DNA. A weak hydrogen bond holds the complementa ...
... 2.2. The DNA molecule The DNA molecule is a double helix (twisted) strand. The four nitrogenous bases can be arranged in any order with a purine attached to a pyrimidine. The combination of nitrogenous bases is the code system for the messages from the DNA. A weak hydrogen bond holds the complementa ...
(HPV) L1 gene DNA possibly bound to particulate aluminum
... than in the control group receiving amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate (AAHS) adjuvant during clinical trials [9]. A number of cases of possibly immune-based inflammatory neurodegenerative disorders involving the central nervous system, known as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, followin ...
... than in the control group receiving amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate (AAHS) adjuvant during clinical trials [9]. A number of cases of possibly immune-based inflammatory neurodegenerative disorders involving the central nervous system, known as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, followin ...
Protein A gene expression is regulated by DNA supercoiling which
... mutant (Fournier et al., 2000). The arlS mutant formed a biofilm on polystyrene surfaces, probably because of altered activity of secreted peptidoglycan hydrolases (Fournier & Hooper, 2000). The arl locus is also involved in the regulation of several virulence factors, mainly protein A, and some sec ...
... mutant (Fournier et al., 2000). The arlS mutant formed a biofilm on polystyrene surfaces, probably because of altered activity of secreted peptidoglycan hydrolases (Fournier & Hooper, 2000). The arl locus is also involved in the regulation of several virulence factors, mainly protein A, and some sec ...
Mechanism of high-mobility group protein B enhancement of
... of HMGB to bind to distorted DNA structures and to bend and partially unwind duplex DNA (27–37). We and others have shown that HMGB also functions to enhance the binding affinity of all classical steroid receptors to their cognate HREs in vitro, and consequently stimulate receptor transcriptional acti ...
... of HMGB to bind to distorted DNA structures and to bend and partially unwind duplex DNA (27–37). We and others have shown that HMGB also functions to enhance the binding affinity of all classical steroid receptors to their cognate HREs in vitro, and consequently stimulate receptor transcriptional acti ...
lecture 1 File
... Viruses are capsid-encoding organisms composed of proteins and nucleic acids that can self-assemble after replication in a host cell using the host's replication machineryThere is a disagreement in science about whether viruses are living due to their lack ...
... Viruses are capsid-encoding organisms composed of proteins and nucleic acids that can self-assemble after replication in a host cell using the host's replication machineryThere is a disagreement in science about whether viruses are living due to their lack ...
Recombinant DNA Technology
... MCS can be cleaved by different restriction enzymes so that the foreign DNA can be inserted within Lac Z gene, thus disrupting the activity of the β-galactosidase when the protein is expressed. The chemical required for this screen is X-gal, which functions as indicator, and Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogala ...
... MCS can be cleaved by different restriction enzymes so that the foreign DNA can be inserted within Lac Z gene, thus disrupting the activity of the β-galactosidase when the protein is expressed. The chemical required for this screen is X-gal, which functions as indicator, and Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogala ...
A novel DNA modification by sulphur
... cluster could be introduced into Streptomyces nanchangensis NS3226 (ZX67, Fig. 4), Streptomyces parvulus ATCC12434 (ZX68, Fig. 4) and Micromonospora sp. 40027 (Li et al., 2003), all with DNA that is stable during electrophoresis and lacks DNA modification. Significantly, upon integration, DNA of all ...
... cluster could be introduced into Streptomyces nanchangensis NS3226 (ZX67, Fig. 4), Streptomyces parvulus ATCC12434 (ZX68, Fig. 4) and Micromonospora sp. 40027 (Li et al., 2003), all with DNA that is stable during electrophoresis and lacks DNA modification. Significantly, upon integration, DNA of all ...
Experiment 3
... naturally occur in one of 107 cells. For a strepR mutation to occur, a mutation will occur naturally in one of 109 cells. To get any one of these mutations one must need to start out with a lot of cells to have chance isolating these mutants. To increase the frequency of mutants, we introduce the ce ...
... naturally occur in one of 107 cells. For a strepR mutation to occur, a mutation will occur naturally in one of 109 cells. To get any one of these mutations one must need to start out with a lot of cells to have chance isolating these mutants. To increase the frequency of mutants, we introduce the ce ...
Nonsense mutations CORRECT ANSWER
... Self Assessment Question 9 Answer • Ionizing radiation damages DNA by: A. Directly interacting with the DNA molecule B. Depurinating the DNA C. Interacting with water to form reactive ions called free radicals CORRECT ANSWER D. A process called intercalation E. Replication slippage ...
... Self Assessment Question 9 Answer • Ionizing radiation damages DNA by: A. Directly interacting with the DNA molecule B. Depurinating the DNA C. Interacting with water to form reactive ions called free radicals CORRECT ANSWER D. A process called intercalation E. Replication slippage ...
Gene cloning of P43 surface protein of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite
... is abortion and premature delivery (Dunn, 1999; Freeman, ...
... is abortion and premature delivery (Dunn, 1999; Freeman, ...
Sperm Cell in ART
... or midpiece has 100 sperm mitochondria which generate energy for the sperm tail. The sperm tail is based on 9 + 2 microtubules. The microtubule doublets are connected doubletto-doublet by dynein arms. A spermatogenesis basically includes the mitotic expansion of stem cells, the meiotic recombination ...
... or midpiece has 100 sperm mitochondria which generate energy for the sperm tail. The sperm tail is based on 9 + 2 microtubules. The microtubule doublets are connected doubletto-doublet by dynein arms. A spermatogenesis basically includes the mitotic expansion of stem cells, the meiotic recombination ...
Overexpression of the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase results in
... There are enormous differences in the mitochondrial content of the different tissues of the organism, and a precise program of organelle biogenesis is needed during development. Recently, mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) has been shown to be essential for mitochondrial biogenesis. Disrup ...
... There are enormous differences in the mitochondrial content of the different tissues of the organism, and a precise program of organelle biogenesis is needed during development. Recently, mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) has been shown to be essential for mitochondrial biogenesis. Disrup ...
Plant Telomere Biology
... that Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material. It would be a very long time before questions of telomere biology could be addressed at the molecular level, so perhaps it was just as well that McClintock left telomeres behind. Very little research on telomeres was do ...
... that Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material. It would be a very long time before questions of telomere biology could be addressed at the molecular level, so perhaps it was just as well that McClintock left telomeres behind. Very little research on telomeres was do ...
Alisch RS, Wang T, Chopra P, Visootsak J, Conneely KN, Warren ST . Genome-wide analysis validates aberrant methylation in fragile X syndrome is specific to the FMR1 locus. BMC Med Genet. 2013 Jan 29;14:18. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-18.
... variability, we also excluded the hotspots of aberrant reprogramming regions reported by Lister et al. [19] and still found FXS-associated DNA methylation changes only at the FMR1 locus (data not shown). Subsequent hypothesis- and mechanism-driven analyses also failed to uncover any non-FMR1 annotat ...
... variability, we also excluded the hotspots of aberrant reprogramming regions reported by Lister et al. [19] and still found FXS-associated DNA methylation changes only at the FMR1 locus (data not shown). Subsequent hypothesis- and mechanism-driven analyses also failed to uncover any non-FMR1 annotat ...
1 A Single-Molecule Hershey-Chase Experiment
... was to design and perform an experiment with single-molecule resolution that would permit us to watch this process in real time, to measure the specific functional form of the speed of ejection as a function of the amount of DNA left in the capsid (and hence as a function of the amount out as well) ...
... was to design and perform an experiment with single-molecule resolution that would permit us to watch this process in real time, to measure the specific functional form of the speed of ejection as a function of the amount of DNA left in the capsid (and hence as a function of the amount out as well) ...
Synonymous codon bias and functional constraint on GC3
... grooves (32). But even in the absence of complex chromosomal architecture in prokaryotes, the propensity of DNA to self-interact through supercoiling is also regulated by GC content. Recently, it has been demonstrated that GC-AT boundaries act to define supercoiling domains that precisely control th ...
... grooves (32). But even in the absence of complex chromosomal architecture in prokaryotes, the propensity of DNA to self-interact through supercoiling is also regulated by GC content. Recently, it has been demonstrated that GC-AT boundaries act to define supercoiling domains that precisely control th ...
Application of a Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method to
... a better choice if the processing time is critical. The DNA Stool method took half the time for DNA extraction, and the increase in Ct value was only 1-2 cycles. For spiked egg samples, the Ct values from the CTAB method were 23 for the ricin and 18S rRNA genes, but the Ct values for both ricin and ...
... a better choice if the processing time is critical. The DNA Stool method took half the time for DNA extraction, and the increase in Ct value was only 1-2 cycles. For spiked egg samples, the Ct values from the CTAB method were 23 for the ricin and 18S rRNA genes, but the Ct values for both ricin and ...
Increased transversions in a novel mutator colon cancer cell line
... phenotypes may allow one to predict the critical changes seen in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In addition to elucidating carcinogenic pathways, comprehensive knowledge of mutator phenotypes may aid in the molecular diagnosis of cancer, and provide strategies for cloning the genes responsibl ...
... phenotypes may allow one to predict the critical changes seen in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In addition to elucidating carcinogenic pathways, comprehensive knowledge of mutator phenotypes may aid in the molecular diagnosis of cancer, and provide strategies for cloning the genes responsibl ...
Quantitation and Purification of Acquired Plasmid DNA Coding for
... demonstrating that it has the pGFPuv plasmid. This is why RecA enyzme was suggested as the probable cause. That enyzme could break down the plasmid DNA, and recombinate it in the host DNA, whereas, there would not be a plasmid band in lane 2. Lane 1 and 5 are ladders to determine probable molecular ...
... demonstrating that it has the pGFPuv plasmid. This is why RecA enyzme was suggested as the probable cause. That enyzme could break down the plasmid DNA, and recombinate it in the host DNA, whereas, there would not be a plasmid band in lane 2. Lane 1 and 5 are ladders to determine probable molecular ...
DNA Methylation of Imprinted Loci on Autosomal Chromosomes and
... CpG sites located at genomic location in exon 8-9 (+7393 till +7868) of IGF-2 locus did not display any observable difference (Figure 3). As per analysis, the distribution of methylated and unmethylated CpG sites ...
... CpG sites located at genomic location in exon 8-9 (+7393 till +7868) of IGF-2 locus did not display any observable difference (Figure 3). As per analysis, the distribution of methylated and unmethylated CpG sites ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... Put simply, horizontal transfer of genetic information allows bacteria to evolve in ways that vertical transmission of random mutations from mother to daughter cells will not facilitate. Therefore, the study of these genetic exchange mechanisms will reveal a set of strategies that bacteria use to ev ...
... Put simply, horizontal transfer of genetic information allows bacteria to evolve in ways that vertical transmission of random mutations from mother to daughter cells will not facilitate. Therefore, the study of these genetic exchange mechanisms will reveal a set of strategies that bacteria use to ev ...
DNA Translocation and Loop Formation Mechanism of Chromatin
... a constant force of 3 pN. We found that most nucleosomes are stable for more than 20 min without appreciable DNA unwrapping (Figure 1B, magenta), a result that is consistent with previous observations (BrowerToland et al., 2005). However, more extended stretching and/or application of higher tension ...
... a constant force of 3 pN. We found that most nucleosomes are stable for more than 20 min without appreciable DNA unwrapping (Figure 1B, magenta), a result that is consistent with previous observations (BrowerToland et al., 2005). However, more extended stretching and/or application of higher tension ...
Duplication of an approximately 1.5 Mb DNA segment
... MCC gene revealed two, three, ®ve and six signals, in two, 13, three and two cells, respectively, whereas the BAC clone 6e10 containing the APC gene showed two, three, four, ®ve and six signals in three, 12, one, two and two cells, respectively, including one weak signal (Figure 4b). This demonstrat ...
... MCC gene revealed two, three, ®ve and six signals, in two, 13, three and two cells, respectively, whereas the BAC clone 6e10 containing the APC gene showed two, three, four, ®ve and six signals in three, 12, one, two and two cells, respectively, including one weak signal (Figure 4b). This demonstrat ...