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Origins of evolutionary transitions
Origins of evolutionary transitions

... In this paper I follow Buss in adopting a selective definition – according to which a major transition consists in a transformation of the hierarchical level at which selection operates on a population.2 This implies that a mere aggregation of entities into groups is insufficient (Mayr 1982; Newman ...
Experimental evolution of multicellularity
Experimental evolution of multicellularity

... different environments. Every day that you evolve your yeast, they will go through about 7 generations. Over the course of the experiment, you’re going to watch them go through 70-80 generations. The short generation time of microbes is a key reason that scientists use them in experimental evolution ...
Biology Class IX for SA-I 2016-17
Biology Class IX for SA-I 2016-17

... external environment, the concentration of CO2 is low as compared to that inside the cell. Therefore, according to the principle of diffusion, CO2 moves from a region of higher concentration (inside the cell) towards a region of lower concentration (outside the cell). Similarly, O2 enters the cell b ...
Sierra College Bio 6 Human Physiology Lecture Outline
Sierra College Bio 6 Human Physiology Lecture Outline

... 1. Variable: factor being regulated (in this example it would be body temperature) 2. Stimulus: produces a change in the variable (exercise could be one stimulus that would cause body temperature to increase) 3. Receptor: detects change in the variable. (in this example, thermoreceptors in your body ...
Evolutionary stasis, constraint and other
Evolutionary stasis, constraint and other

... of phylogenetic inertia’. In this case, the operating hypothesis is built on an adaptive framework and ES ends up being the alternative explanatory hypothesis (‘origin, not maintenance”, Coddington, 1988). The differences between these two interpretations are subtle but important. The latter case pu ...
REMARKS ON LAMARCKIAN CONCEPT OF ANIMAL EVOLUTION
REMARKS ON LAMARCKIAN CONCEPT OF ANIMAL EVOLUTION

... by saying that the course of evolution is perturbed by local adaptation. Adaptation was said to result from the activities and habits of organisms, which modify their anatomy. He assumed as did almost everyone from the dawn of history down to and including Darwin, that such modification would be inh ...
handbook - Cancer Biology
handbook - Cancer Biology

... Views piece. They should prepare a well-focused PowerPoint presentation that provides an overview of the topic and assigned paper and the written piece submitted. Much of the examination will include indepth questions from the review team about their general knowledge of the topic and the studies an ...
Expanded social fitness and HamiltonTs rule for kin, kith, and kind
Expanded social fitness and HamiltonTs rule for kin, kith, and kind

... thinking about and modeling social evolution (2). There are a number of reasons why this is true. It is simple, and therefore, users can apply its logic with ease; nevertheless, it is quite general. In some versions, it is exact, and even less exact versions are not necessarily a strong concern for ...
Evolution and development of shape: integrating
Evolution and development of shape: integrating

... full control over environmental conditions. Consequently, it is easy to separate shape variation that is due to specific genetic factors or to spontaneous variation in the developmental system44. Likewise, in experimental settings, developmental changes can be visualized and quantified precisely wit ...
Biology EOCEP Review - Teacher Copy
Biology EOCEP Review - Teacher Copy

... As cells divide and grow they become specialized in their structure and function. What is this process called? ...
1 - University of Pennsylvania
1 - University of Pennsylvania

... the efficacy of learning by pitting our Learner against each type of the Opponent. Two modeling clarifications need to be mentioned here. First, there are other particularly relevant computational models of learning, notably genetic algorithms and neural networks. For instance, Macy & Skvoetz (1996) ...
Ty Jacobs` Bio Study Guide
Ty Jacobs` Bio Study Guide

... • Branching: skeletons may be unbranched or branched • Double or triple bonds: skeletons may have double or triple bonds • Rings: skeletons may be arranged in rings (i.e. cyclohexane, benzene) ▪ Compounds composed of only hydrogen and carbon atoms are called hydrocarbons. ▪ Two molecules might have ...
Malaysian Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Therapy
Malaysian Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Therapy

... has comprehensively revised the first edition of the same book to facilitate researchers and clinicians involved in stem cell research and therapy. Stem cells have a tremendous potential in terms of therapy. However, many of these therapies, especially those involving replacement and repair of tissu ...
The Evolutionary Emergence of Vertebrates From Among Their
The Evolutionary Emergence of Vertebrates From Among Their

... Perhaps the biggest surprise of recent molecular revisions to the chordate tree is the recognition that the peculiar tunicates (sea squirts) and not cephalochordates (amphioxus) are the closest invertebrate relatives of the vertebrates (Delsuc et al. 2006; Heimberg et al. 2008; Fig. 2). While this c ...
Fast identification and statistical evaluation
Fast identification and statistical evaluation

... • Once both are fixed, the system is quiescent until revealed by a wide cross • May contribute to pericentromeric heterochromatin tracts in mammals, plants • Question: do distorters map to centromeres in guttatus? ...
Iterative development and the scope for plasticity: contrasts
Iterative development and the scope for plasticity: contrasts

... 2014 for review). Equally, many behavioral phenotypes are the products of environmentally triggered developmental trajectories, or of extended periods of learning (developmental behavioral plasticity; Snell-Rood, 2013). As most efforts to contrast patterns of behavioral and morphological plasticity ...
Unifying Within- and Between-Generation Bet
Unifying Within- and Between-Generation Bet

... bet hedging in large populations. Revisiting the wet-dry scenario. To get a better sense of what all this means, I revisit the case of wet-specialists, dry-specialists, and diversified genotypes. I assume that a randomly chosen individual across space and time has 50% chance of having experienced a w ...
Is There a Genetic Paradox of Biological Invasion?
Is There a Genetic Paradox of Biological Invasion?

... are useful for providing rough estimates of global genetic diversity (which is presumed to be neutral) in a population. However, neutral genetic diversity measured with relatively few markers is an imperfect predictor of the evolutionary potential of introduced populations (e.g., Lee et al. 2007), b ...
sponge fact sheet - World Animal Foundation
sponge fact sheet - World Animal Foundation

... Most sponges are hermaphroditic (both male and female), but play either the male or female role during reproduction. Sperm is released into the water by "male" sponges and travels to "female" sponges, where fertilization occurs internally. Baby sponges are released from the female sponge and float a ...
The impact of rapid evolution on population dynamics in the
The impact of rapid evolution on population dynamics in the

... using green peach aphids, Myzus persicae [Sulzer] (Turcotte et al. 2011). We manipulated the genetic composition of populations and hence evolutionary potential, then tracked population dynamics as the populations evolved. Rapid aphid evolution significantly accelerated aphid population growth rate ...
The impact of rapid evolution on population dynamics in the wild
The impact of rapid evolution on population dynamics in the wild

... using green peach aphids, Myzus persicae [Sulzer] (Turcotte et al. 2011). We manipulated the genetic composition of populations and hence evolutionary potential, then tracked population dynamics as the populations evolved. Rapid aphid evolution significantly accelerated aphid population growth rate ...
Evolutionary Chance Mutation: A Defense of the - Philsci
Evolutionary Chance Mutation: A Defense of the - Philsci

... conceptual and empirical requirement for explaining mutations due to these mechanisms. I will argue instead that all genetic mutations, including those due to mutator mechanisms, can be accounted for by the Modern Synthesis’ consensus view since they are not specifically caused in an (exclusively) a ...
Evolutionary Chance Mutation
Evolutionary Chance Mutation

... conceptual and empirical requirement for explaining mutations due to these mechanisms. I will argue instead that all genetic mutations, including those due to mutator mechanisms, can be accounted for by the Modern Synthesis’ consensus view since they are not specifically caused in an (exclusively) a ...
File - THE ISLAM SHOW
File - THE ISLAM SHOW

... The functioning of a person's hormonal system generally begins when he is still in his mother's womb and continues right up until his death. Reproductive glands start to function as a result of the effect of hormones too. But unlike other parts of the body, the secretion of hormones relevant to the ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • The process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment • Humans as well as all animals need to maintain a homeostasis with their environment. • How does the human body maintain homeostasis? – The eleven organ systems of the human body work together to maintain homeostasis ...
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