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chap 4 National Income(Economics)
chap 4 National Income(Economics)

... Due to illiteracy, most of the producers do not maintain proper records of production, cost and income which leads to under estimated NI. Many sources of income: Some people get their incomes from many other sources It is very difficult to compute their income from different sources and in this way ...
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... owned jointly by managers and their workforces. The urban collectives experienced explosive growth, some at the expense of the SOEs. However, the competition spurred productivity advance and innovation in many of the SOEs. D. In 1980 China created special economic zones (SEZs) open to foreign invest ...
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... A) to classify resources used to produce final goods and services. B) resources are apportioned to satisfy human wants. C) people make rational decisions. D) technology can be used to change scarce resources into free resources. 2. Scarcity is BEST defined as when: A) the quantity demanded exceeds q ...
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Production for use

Production for use is a phrase referring to the principle of economic organization and production taken as a defining criterion for a socialist economy. It is held in contrast to production for profit. This criterion is used to distinguish socialism from capitalism, and was one of the fundamental defining characteristics of socialism initially shared by Marxian socialists, evolutionary socialists, social anarchists and Christian socialists.This principle is broad and can refer to an array of different configurations that vary based on the underlying theory of economics employed. In its classic definition, production for use implied an economic system whereby the law of value and law of accumulation no longer directed economic activity, whereby a direct measure of utility and value is used in place of the abstractions of the price system, money and capital. Alternative conceptions of socialism that don't utilize the profit system such as the Lange model involve the use of a price system and monetary calculation.The central critique of the profits system by socialists is that the accumulation of capital (""making money"") becomes increasingly detached from the process of producing economic value, leading to waste, inefficiency, and social issues. Essentially it is a distortion of proper accounting based on the assertion of the law of value instead of the ""real"" costs of the factors of production, objectively determined outside of social relations.
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