An Introduction to Density Functional Theory
... available which are more or less appropriate for any particular study. Ultimately such judgments must be made in terms of results (i.e.: the direct comparison with more accurate theory or experimental data, which will be discussed below) but knowledge of the derivation and structure of functionals i ...
... available which are more or less appropriate for any particular study. Ultimately such judgments must be made in terms of results (i.e.: the direct comparison with more accurate theory or experimental data, which will be discussed below) but knowledge of the derivation and structure of functionals i ...
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
... the rate of transfer depends on the distance between the donor and acceptor, energy transfer can be used to measure distances between sites on biopolymers. The distance range is much larger (20-70A) than possible with other spectroscopic techniques (e.g. NMR - 5 A), thus making fluorescence energy t ...
... the rate of transfer depends on the distance between the donor and acceptor, energy transfer can be used to measure distances between sites on biopolymers. The distance range is much larger (20-70A) than possible with other spectroscopic techniques (e.g. NMR - 5 A), thus making fluorescence energy t ...
laser spectroscopy
... The output beam from the laser is split into three beams, two less intense probe beams and a more intense pump beam, at the thick beamsplitter. The two probe beams pass through the rubidium cell from top to bottom, and they are separately detected by two photodiodes. The two photodiodes form a balan ...
... The output beam from the laser is split into three beams, two less intense probe beams and a more intense pump beam, at the thick beamsplitter. The two probe beams pass through the rubidium cell from top to bottom, and they are separately detected by two photodiodes. The two photodiodes form a balan ...
Title Visible to near infrared conversion in Ce3+-Yb3+ Co
... the PL spectra, samples were excited by using 450 nm light that was obtained by combining a band pass filter and a Xe lamp 共Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd., MAX-302兲. The luminescence spectra were measured with a monochromator 共Nikon, G250兲 and a Si photodiode 共Electro-Optical System Inc., S-025-H兲. The obt ...
... the PL spectra, samples were excited by using 450 nm light that was obtained by combining a band pass filter and a Xe lamp 共Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd., MAX-302兲. The luminescence spectra were measured with a monochromator 共Nikon, G250兲 and a Si photodiode 共Electro-Optical System Inc., S-025-H兲. The obt ...
Pauli Exclusion Principle, the Dirac Void and the Preponderance of
... the opposite direction of an externally applied force [6]. This is not only weird, but absurd! Despite this, physicist have not stopped to imagine or consider the possibility of the existence of negative mass and the consequences thereof [6–12]. In classical physics, a negative energy state causes n ...
... the opposite direction of an externally applied force [6]. This is not only weird, but absurd! Despite this, physicist have not stopped to imagine or consider the possibility of the existence of negative mass and the consequences thereof [6–12]. In classical physics, a negative energy state causes n ...
Seeing a single photon without destroying it
... by a helium cryostat. The average number of thermal photons in the mode at these temperatures are 0.02 and 0.15, respectively. The cavity is made of two niobium spherical mirrors in a Fabry±Perot con®guration. The mirrors are surrounded by a cylindrical ring (with 3-mm holes for atom access) which r ...
... by a helium cryostat. The average number of thermal photons in the mode at these temperatures are 0.02 and 0.15, respectively. The cavity is made of two niobium spherical mirrors in a Fabry±Perot con®guration. The mirrors are surrounded by a cylindrical ring (with 3-mm holes for atom access) which r ...
Instructions for use Title Coulomb staircase and total spin
... those for an electron in state k in lead l (l⫽e for the emitter and l⫽c for the collector兲. The spin splitting produced by the in-plane magnetic field is reflected in the dependence of energy levels n and lk . H int is the interaction term whose explicit form is not necessary in the follow ...
... those for an electron in state k in lead l (l⫽e for the emitter and l⫽c for the collector兲. The spin splitting produced by the in-plane magnetic field is reflected in the dependence of energy levels n and lk . H int is the interaction term whose explicit form is not necessary in the follow ...
Fourier Transform Microwave Spectrometer with Double Resonance
... Carboxylic Acid Dimer Formation •Investigation of the acid dimer formation by understanding the tunneling motion of the hydrogen bonds. •The use of the cavity and double resonance will help identify the weaker Btype transitions on an already weak dipole since it has a weak dipole of .08 D. •The B-t ...
... Carboxylic Acid Dimer Formation •Investigation of the acid dimer formation by understanding the tunneling motion of the hydrogen bonds. •The use of the cavity and double resonance will help identify the weaker Btype transitions on an already weak dipole since it has a weak dipole of .08 D. •The B-t ...
Non-classical light and photon statistics
... • Area of active research, highly wavelength dependent • Photon number resolved detection: up to some maximum n • Can obtain g(k) directly up to k=n • Area of active research, true PNR detection still rare ...
... • Area of active research, highly wavelength dependent • Photon number resolved detection: up to some maximum n • Can obtain g(k) directly up to k=n • Area of active research, true PNR detection still rare ...
Matter-wave scattering on an amplitude
... transverse direction. Two kinds of density dips are observed in the transmitted part: (i) dips whose positions do not depend on the modulation frequency and that correspond to velocity classes fulfilling the Bragg reflection on the static lattice [19] and (ii) dips whose positions depend on the freq ...
... transverse direction. Two kinds of density dips are observed in the transmitted part: (i) dips whose positions do not depend on the modulation frequency and that correspond to velocity classes fulfilling the Bragg reflection on the static lattice [19] and (ii) dips whose positions depend on the freq ...
Nano Engineering Research Group
... of a phonon, and the absorption of a photon with the same wavelength as the original photon. E1 is the first energy level of the single well, and E3 is the second energy level. In addition, E2, E2’, E4, and E4’ represent the first, second, third, and forth energy levels for the double quantum well. ...
... of a phonon, and the absorption of a photon with the same wavelength as the original photon. E1 is the first energy level of the single well, and E3 is the second energy level. In addition, E2, E2’, E4, and E4’ represent the first, second, third, and forth energy levels for the double quantum well. ...
Accurate Modeling of Organic Molecular Crystals by Dispersion
... have to be treated by DFT.19 This obvious gap between force fields and DFT could be covered by semiempirical methods as sketched in Figure 1. In this context, we recently reduced the computational cost of DFT calculations by applying a small atomic orbital basis set (of mainly double-ζ quality) and c ...
... have to be treated by DFT.19 This obvious gap between force fields and DFT could be covered by semiempirical methods as sketched in Figure 1. In this context, we recently reduced the computational cost of DFT calculations by applying a small atomic orbital basis set (of mainly double-ζ quality) and c ...
Franck–Condon principle
The Franck–Condon principle is a rule in spectroscopy and quantum chemistry that explains the intensity of vibronic transitions. Vibronic transitions are the simultaneous changes in electronic and vibrational energy levels of a molecule due to the absorption or emission of a photon of the appropriate energy. The principle states that during an electronic transition, a change from one vibrational energy level to another will be more likely to happen if the two vibrational wave functions overlap more significantly.