Physics as Spacetime Geometry
... efforts of many brilliant physicists. It is not inconceivable to assume that the present state of fundamental physics may be caused by some metatheoretical problems, not by the lack of sufficient experimental evidence and talented physicists. I think the major metatheoretical reason for most difficu ...
... efforts of many brilliant physicists. It is not inconceivable to assume that the present state of fundamental physics may be caused by some metatheoretical problems, not by the lack of sufficient experimental evidence and talented physicists. I think the major metatheoretical reason for most difficu ...
Relationship of E = mc2 to F = ma and Gravity PDF
... relationships that are the subject of this paper. 2. The Three Primary Types of Forces To facilitate understanding of the mathematical treatment of force it is important to first understand that there are three primary types of force. And that distinguishing between them can be very confusing, yet i ...
... relationships that are the subject of this paper. 2. The Three Primary Types of Forces To facilitate understanding of the mathematical treatment of force it is important to first understand that there are three primary types of force. And that distinguishing between them can be very confusing, yet i ...
Time and Energy, Inertia and Gravity
... Principia1 in 1687, and expanded by Einstein with his Special Theory of Relativity2 in 1905. What will be shown is the true relationship between acceleration, time, and velocity, and the affect this relationship has on energy and thus our perception of other physical phenomena. We will see that time ...
... Principia1 in 1687, and expanded by Einstein with his Special Theory of Relativity2 in 1905. What will be shown is the true relationship between acceleration, time, and velocity, and the affect this relationship has on energy and thus our perception of other physical phenomena. We will see that time ...
Fictive forces
... the object is in an accelerated system, S , we must also include fictive forces. Whenever we include fictive forces we must be very careful in describinng the inertial system and the accelerated system. In particular, it is important where we place the origin of the accelerated system, since the cen ...
... the object is in an accelerated system, S , we must also include fictive forces. Whenever we include fictive forces we must be very careful in describinng the inertial system and the accelerated system. In particular, it is important where we place the origin of the accelerated system, since the cen ...
CHAPTER ONE - Dr. Myron Evans
... about 1902 to prove the first Bianchi identity from which the second Bianchi identity follows. Both these identities assume a symmetric connection. The antisymmetric part of the connection was ignored irrationally, or dogmatically. This dogma eventually evolved into general relativity, an incorrect ...
... about 1902 to prove the first Bianchi identity from which the second Bianchi identity follows. Both these identities assume a symmetric connection. The antisymmetric part of the connection was ignored irrationally, or dogmatically. This dogma eventually evolved into general relativity, an incorrect ...
Relativistic Thermodynamics, a Lagrangian Field Theory for general
... here viewed as a problem of coupling Einstein’s theory of pure gravity to an independently chosen and well defined field theory of matter. It is well known that this is accomplished in a most natural way when both theories are formulated as relativistic, Lagrangian field theories, as is the case wit ...
... here viewed as a problem of coupling Einstein’s theory of pure gravity to an independently chosen and well defined field theory of matter. It is well known that this is accomplished in a most natural way when both theories are formulated as relativistic, Lagrangian field theories, as is the case wit ...
Momentum
... at the point of impact with zero momentum. If the green truck was moving at 10 m/s, how fast was the ...
... at the point of impact with zero momentum. If the green truck was moving at 10 m/s, how fast was the ...
Lecture Notes on Classical Field Theory
... with a constant velocity in the direction of the y axis. A shift by a constant velocity leaves the free particle motion unaccelerated therefore the coordinate system (ct′ , x′ , y ′ , z ′ ) where this observes is at rest is inertial, too. But the time ct′ when the detector C signals the arrival of t ...
... with a constant velocity in the direction of the y axis. A shift by a constant velocity leaves the free particle motion unaccelerated therefore the coordinate system (ct′ , x′ , y ′ , z ′ ) where this observes is at rest is inertial, too. But the time ct′ when the detector C signals the arrival of t ...
Conservation Of Momentum
... system – two or more objects that interact with each other during an event. They experience equal and opposite forces during the event, so they have the same impulse. event – the physical interaction between two or more objects during which an impulse occurs. collisions and explosions. Events are de ...
... system – two or more objects that interact with each other during an event. They experience equal and opposite forces during the event, so they have the same impulse. event – the physical interaction between two or more objects during which an impulse occurs. collisions and explosions. Events are de ...
Summary Notes - Cathkin High School
... It is possible to produce a velocity time graph to describe the motion of an object. All velocity time graphs that you encounter in this course will be of objects that have constant acceleration. Scenario: The Bouncing Ball Lydia fires a ball vertically into the air from the ground. The ball reaches ...
... It is possible to produce a velocity time graph to describe the motion of an object. All velocity time graphs that you encounter in this course will be of objects that have constant acceleration. Scenario: The Bouncing Ball Lydia fires a ball vertically into the air from the ground. The ball reaches ...
physics/9902034 PDF
... It has been over 90 years since Albert Einstein first conceived Special Relativity (SR). Since then, the basic postulates of relativity have been repeatedly verified experimentally (ref. 22) to a high accuracy. In fact, modern physics would be totally inconceivable without the pillar stone that spec ...
... It has been over 90 years since Albert Einstein first conceived Special Relativity (SR). Since then, the basic postulates of relativity have been repeatedly verified experimentally (ref. 22) to a high accuracy. In fact, modern physics would be totally inconceivable without the pillar stone that spec ...
Notes on Relativistic Dynamics
... These notes assume that you have a knowledge of space and time in special relativity, and of force, energy, and momentum in classical mechanics (both at the college freshman level). They build on that knowledge to describe force, energy, and momentum in special relativity. These notes also use a few ...
... These notes assume that you have a knowledge of space and time in special relativity, and of force, energy, and momentum in classical mechanics (both at the college freshman level). They build on that knowledge to describe force, energy, and momentum in special relativity. These notes also use a few ...
File
... in order to break a board. How can the abrupt stop of the hand (with no followthrough) generate so much force? Assume that the hand has a mass of 0.35 kg and that the speeds of the hand just before and just after hitting the board are and 0, respectively. What is the average force exerted by the f ...
... in order to break a board. How can the abrupt stop of the hand (with no followthrough) generate so much force? Assume that the hand has a mass of 0.35 kg and that the speeds of the hand just before and just after hitting the board are and 0, respectively. What is the average force exerted by the f ...
Problem Set 1 Solutions
... T Tafter Tbefore 833,333 s2 This is exactly the same energy loss as computed from the non-moving inertial frame. ...
... T Tafter Tbefore 833,333 s2 This is exactly the same energy loss as computed from the non-moving inertial frame. ...
Basic Equations
... usually involve statistical functions - as well they should, considering that diffusion is a statistical phenomenon. Ficks empirical laws are easily derived from a consideration of simple atomic mechanisms. The basic underlying statistical concept is random walk, as encountered in simple diffusion m ...
... usually involve statistical functions - as well they should, considering that diffusion is a statistical phenomenon. Ficks empirical laws are easily derived from a consideration of simple atomic mechanisms. The basic underlying statistical concept is random walk, as encountered in simple diffusion m ...
1 We end the course with this chapter describing electrodynamics in
... change of momentum. The force is the force in the given (e.g. lab frame) and time is the time in lab frame – not the particle frame. The only difference with the non-relativistic dynamics-- that you know and love -- is that one must use the relativistic form for the momentum or you can get a charged ...
... change of momentum. The force is the force in the given (e.g. lab frame) and time is the time in lab frame – not the particle frame. The only difference with the non-relativistic dynamics-- that you know and love -- is that one must use the relativistic form for the momentum or you can get a charged ...
About Mechanics of Virtual Reality
... age and need new physics to depict such a real-virtual mixed universe. In this article, some personal views about the unification and the future of fundamental physics are proposed. The article contains three parts: (1) Super Transformation. Space-Time Transformation with Simulator which describes t ...
... age and need new physics to depict such a real-virtual mixed universe. In this article, some personal views about the unification and the future of fundamental physics are proposed. The article contains three parts: (1) Super Transformation. Space-Time Transformation with Simulator which describes t ...
kg·m
... Impulse Example An 8N force acts on a 5 kg object for 3 seconds. If the initial velocity of the object was 25 m/s, what is its final velocity? F= 8 N m= 5 kg t= 3 s v1 = 25 m/s v2 = ? J = Ft =(8N)(3s) = 24 N·s BUT we need to find v2 ……… ...
... Impulse Example An 8N force acts on a 5 kg object for 3 seconds. If the initial velocity of the object was 25 m/s, what is its final velocity? F= 8 N m= 5 kg t= 3 s v1 = 25 m/s v2 = ? J = Ft =(8N)(3s) = 24 N·s BUT we need to find v2 ……… ...
A Aberration The apparent change in position of a light
... An effect that demonstrates that photons (the quantum of electromagnetic radiation) have momentum. A photon fired at a stationary particle, such as an electron, will impart momentum to the electron and, since its energy has been decreased, will experience a corresponding decrease in frequency. Conse ...
... An effect that demonstrates that photons (the quantum of electromagnetic radiation) have momentum. A photon fired at a stationary particle, such as an electron, will impart momentum to the electron and, since its energy has been decreased, will experience a corresponding decrease in frequency. Conse ...
What is a magnetic field? by David Sligar
... I've seen one book that stated nickel56 is really at the top of the binding energy curve. It is interesting that many meteorites are made of ferromagnetic elements, iron and nickel, blown out by stars that went supernova! Iron and nickel, with their tightly bound nucleus, seem to give virtual photon ...
... I've seen one book that stated nickel56 is really at the top of the binding energy curve. It is interesting that many meteorites are made of ferromagnetic elements, iron and nickel, blown out by stars that went supernova! Iron and nickel, with their tightly bound nucleus, seem to give virtual photon ...
Special relativity
In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time. It is based on two postulates: (1) that the laws of physics are invariant (i.e. identical) in all inertial systems (non-accelerating frames of reference); and (2) that the speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of the light source. It was originally proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein in the paper ""On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies"". The inconsistency of Newtonian mechanics with Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism and the inability to discover Earth's motion through a luminiferous aether led to the development of special relativity, which corrects mechanics to handle situations involving motions nearing the speed of light. As of today, special relativity is the most accurate model of motion at any speed. Even so, Newtonian mechanics is still useful (due to its simplicity and high accuracy) as an approximation at small velocities relative to the speed of light.Special relativity implies a wide range of consequences, which have been experimentally verified, including length contraction, time dilation, relativistic mass, mass–energy equivalence, a universal speed limit, and relativity of simultaneity. It has replaced the conventional notion of an absolute universal time with the notion of a time that is dependent on reference frame and spatial position. Rather than an invariant time interval between two events, there is an invariant spacetime interval. Combined with other laws of physics, the two postulates of special relativity predict the equivalence of mass and energy, as expressed in the mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, where c is the speed of light in vacuum.A defining feature of special relativity is the replacement of the Galilean transformations of Newtonian mechanics with the Lorentz transformations. Time and space cannot be defined separately from each other. Rather space and time are interwoven into a single continuum known as spacetime. Events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another.The theory is ""special"" in that it only applies in the special case where the curvature of spacetime due to gravity is negligible. In order to include gravity, Einstein formulated general relativity in 1915. (Special relativity, contrary to some outdated descriptions, is capable of handling accelerated frames of reference.)As Galilean relativity is now considered an approximation of special relativity that is valid for low speeds, special relativity is considered an approximation of general relativity that is valid for weak gravitational fields, i.e. at a sufficiently small scale and in conditions of free fall. Whereas general relativity incorporates noneuclidean geometry in order to represent gravitational effects as the geometric curvature of spacetime, special relativity is restricted to the flat spacetime known as Minkowski space. A locally Lorentz-invariant frame that abides by special relativity can be defined at sufficiently small scales, even in curved spacetime.Galileo Galilei had already postulated that there is no absolute and well-defined state of rest (no privileged reference frames), a principle now called Galileo's principle of relativity. Einstein extended this principle so that it accounted for the constant speed of light, a phenomenon that had been recently observed in the Michelson–Morley experiment. He also postulated that it holds for all the laws of physics, including both the laws of mechanics and of electrodynamics.