Strengthening the link between policymakers and
... NGO part of the compact could include (i) strengthening financial management and corporate governance (ii) improving transparency and active publicity about activities and finances (iii) carrying out strategic reviews to determine scaling up or down of programs/enterprises (iv) strengthening middle ...
... NGO part of the compact could include (i) strengthening financial management and corporate governance (ii) improving transparency and active publicity about activities and finances (iii) carrying out strategic reviews to determine scaling up or down of programs/enterprises (iv) strengthening middle ...
Economics Focus
... deliver high growth and profitable investment opportunities. Global Growth Generators/ 3G – short for global sources of growth potential and of profitable investment opportunities - aims to be an organising concept and mnemonic label to help organise research, analysis and commentary throughout the ...
... deliver high growth and profitable investment opportunities. Global Growth Generators/ 3G – short for global sources of growth potential and of profitable investment opportunities - aims to be an organising concept and mnemonic label to help organise research, analysis and commentary throughout the ...
This PDF is a selec on from a published volume... Bureau of Economic Research
... There has been a dramatic increase in research on the output multiplier in the last few years. The aggregate studies that estimate the multiplier fit in two general categories. The first are the studies that use long spans of annual data and regress the growth rate of GDP on current and one lag of d ...
... There has been a dramatic increase in research on the output multiplier in the last few years. The aggregate studies that estimate the multiplier fit in two general categories. The first are the studies that use long spans of annual data and regress the growth rate of GDP on current and one lag of d ...
Sample
... In a market system, how are the terms of exchange established? (a) Consumer advocacy groups establish fair prices for items, and most firms follow these pricing guidelines because they don’t want to anger their consumers. (b) Industry associations establish an acceptable price range for each commodi ...
... In a market system, how are the terms of exchange established? (a) Consumer advocacy groups establish fair prices for items, and most firms follow these pricing guidelines because they don’t want to anger their consumers. (b) Industry associations establish an acceptable price range for each commodi ...
Intersectoral Linkages, Diverse Information, and Aggregate
... identical to the full-information economy This aggregate irrelevance may hold even when sectoral dynamics are quite different than under full information. The key requirement for aggregate irrelevance, beyond symmetry, is that agents observe a variable that reveals the aggregate state of the economy ...
... identical to the full-information economy This aggregate irrelevance may hold even when sectoral dynamics are quite different than under full information. The key requirement for aggregate irrelevance, beyond symmetry, is that agents observe a variable that reveals the aggregate state of the economy ...
Chapter Three - Mrs Swail`s Website
... economy. After all, it acts as a gauge to the economy. When a nation's economy is doing well, its stock market usually mirrors this economic growth. With this in mind, understanding the economy, or at least the basics, is important. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one economic number that is key ...
... economy. After all, it acts as a gauge to the economy. When a nation's economy is doing well, its stock market usually mirrors this economic growth. With this in mind, understanding the economy, or at least the basics, is important. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one economic number that is key ...
Using Expenditure PPPs for Sectoral Output and Productivity
... comparisons are based on purchasers’ prices of final goods and services with a detailed product specification. Hence, to apply them to output and productivity comparisons by industry, the PPPs have to be mapped from expenditure categories to industry groups. The expenditure approach to sectoral PPPs ...
... comparisons are based on purchasers’ prices of final goods and services with a detailed product specification. Hence, to apply them to output and productivity comparisons by industry, the PPPs have to be mapped from expenditure categories to industry groups. The expenditure approach to sectoral PPPs ...
The CreaTive indusTries and The BriCs
... creative economy in the BRICS. Second, it proposes policies that will enhance and increase the activity of these creative sectors and industries. The review looks at both economic evidence (including trade statistics) and the existing policy framework in each country. Based on these observations, th ...
... creative economy in the BRICS. Second, it proposes policies that will enhance and increase the activity of these creative sectors and industries. The review looks at both economic evidence (including trade statistics) and the existing policy framework in each country. Based on these observations, th ...
The Informal Sector in Developed and Less Developed Countries
... This neglected phenomenon was analyzed in 1972 by the International Labor Office (ILO), under the name informal sector.1 As a matter of fact, the informal sector concept originates from a study in a Third World context (Hart, 1971). It was in the Third World countries that the informal sector was in ...
... This neglected phenomenon was analyzed in 1972 by the International Labor Office (ILO), under the name informal sector.1 As a matter of fact, the informal sector concept originates from a study in a Third World context (Hart, 1971). It was in the Third World countries that the informal sector was in ...
The Microfinance Movement in Mexico: Revolutionary or Institutional?
... of Compartamos, how its success embodies the commercialization debate, and how its practices, however imperfect, still present a good banking option for a marginalized population. In order to comprehend the importance of microfinance institutions in the Latin American we must first understand two im ...
... of Compartamos, how its success embodies the commercialization debate, and how its practices, however imperfect, still present a good banking option for a marginalized population. In order to comprehend the importance of microfinance institutions in the Latin American we must first understand two im ...
Mining in Argentina
... and only a 32% PVA. However, this industry represents a share in GDP of more than 16% in absolute terms. In addition, it can be said that the industry accounts for 40% of the GPV of the mining activity, which, in turn, represents 58% of the demand for mining products from all economic sectors (excep ...
... and only a 32% PVA. However, this industry represents a share in GDP of more than 16% in absolute terms. In addition, it can be said that the industry accounts for 40% of the GPV of the mining activity, which, in turn, represents 58% of the demand for mining products from all economic sectors (excep ...
From Recession to Recovery
... recessions and others (Italy, New Zealand, and Switzerland) experiencing nine or more. Recessions are distinctly shallower, briefer, and less frequent than expansions. In a typical recession, GDP falls by about 2¾ percent (Table 1).7 In contrast, during an expansion, GDP tends to rise by almost 20 p ...
... recessions and others (Italy, New Zealand, and Switzerland) experiencing nine or more. Recessions are distinctly shallower, briefer, and less frequent than expansions. In a typical recession, GDP falls by about 2¾ percent (Table 1).7 In contrast, during an expansion, GDP tends to rise by almost 20 p ...
Cyclically Adjusted Fiscal Balance – OECD and ESCB Methods
... tax based on the proportionality assumption of corporate income and output. The proportionality assumption implies that the tax elasticity is equal to the elasticity of the tax base (corporate income, i.e. profits) with respect to output. If output rises, employment changes in the same direction an ...
... tax based on the proportionality assumption of corporate income and output. The proportionality assumption implies that the tax elasticity is equal to the elasticity of the tax base (corporate income, i.e. profits) with respect to output. If output rises, employment changes in the same direction an ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TECHNOLOGY CAPITAL AND THE U.S. CURRENT ACCOUNT
... has been on improving estimates of the market value of foreign subsidiaries. Market values include the value of intangible assets and, if used when constructing FDI returns, could potentially eliminate the puzzling differential between returns on U.S. foreign operations and returns on foreign operat ...
... has been on improving estimates of the market value of foreign subsidiaries. Market values include the value of intangible assets and, if used when constructing FDI returns, could potentially eliminate the puzzling differential between returns on U.S. foreign operations and returns on foreign operat ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).