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Modeling plant species distributions under future climates: how fine
Modeling plant species distributions under future climates: how fine

... features, accurately simulate California’s recent historical climate, and differ in their sensitivity to greenhouse gas forcing (Cayan et al., 2008). These were the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) and the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) CM2.1 model from the IPCC (2007) Fourth Assessme ...
Climate, Weather and Plants
Climate, Weather and Plants

... Basic lecture 12: (LØ) (Oke Chap.5) starts at approx. 8.30 Climates of non‐uniform terrain   Effects of topography  CWP Companion: No reading  Applied (specific): IV  (ER) (Oke Chap.8)  Inadvertent climate modification  ...
adaptation to climate change: key terms
adaptation to climate change: key terms

... steps’, ‘process’ and ‘outcome’ can be interpreted differently by various stakeholders. ‘Process’ seems to be a very broad and open ended term that does not include any particular time or subject references and can easily incorporate ‘steps’ and ‘adjustments’. ‘Adjustment’ seems to imply a process t ...
7. Ecosystems - Skagit County
7. Ecosystems - Skagit County

... 7.2 Aquatic Ecosystems Various species of predominantly freshwater fish (including kokanee salmon and lake, cutthroat, rainbow, brook and bull trout) are common in the Skagit basin’s lakes and streams (URL 8). ESA listed bull trout, which require very cold water (below about 48°F) for spawning most ...
I G S M
I G S M

... focus on predictions of key variables such as rainfall, ecosystem productivity, and sea-level that can be linked to estimates of economic, social, and environmental effects of possible climate change. Projections of emissions of greenhouse gases and atmospheric aerosol precursors need to be related ...
Nuclear Energy and the Kyoto Protocol
Nuclear Energy and the Kyoto Protocol

... (Source: http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/spm22-01.pdf. Summary for Policy Makers – A report of Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – IPCC Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001). ...
Nuclear Energy and the Kyoto Protocol
Nuclear Energy and the Kyoto Protocol

... (Source: http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/spm22-01.pdf. Summary for Policy Makers – A report of Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – IPCC Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001). ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... of decreased precipitation and increased evaporation (Mariotti et al., 2008). A study of temperature and precipitation extremes in northern Israel using a regional model suggested that under an A2 scenario, temperature will increase and precipitation will decrease over Israel during the 21st century ...
Modifying the 2°C Target - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik
Modifying the 2°C Target - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik

... enormous pressure to show results. The difference between the current average global temperature and the historic climate data from the pre-industrial age is estimated to be around 0.8°C. Due to the relative inertia of the climate system and the long lifespan of many greenhouse gases in the earth’s ...
Ecological Development and Global Climate Change: A Cross
Ecological Development and Global Climate Change: A Cross

... The Kyoto Protocol (hereafter, the Protocol) is an international treaty to govern the ‘‘commons’’ problem of global climate change. The Protocol commits signatories to targets and timetables for the reduction of GHG emissions. By 2012, industrialized (or Annex I) countries must reduce GHG emissions ...
CLIMATE PROTECTION IN GUATEMALA: THE DEVELOPMENT
CLIMATE PROTECTION IN GUATEMALA: THE DEVELOPMENT

... Climate change, together with its causes, economic and social consequences, and its environmental impacts—natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, landslides, droughts— makes up one of the principal global challenges facing our century and is the focus of the present research paper. Even though ...
Uncertainties in CMIP5 Climate Projections due to Carbon Cycle
Uncertainties in CMIP5 Climate Projections due to Carbon Cycle

... and aerosol forcing in terms of the global-mean temperature response, and regional climate change; while the second relates to carbon cycle processes and feedbacks, with the associated uncertainty on the relationship between CO2 emissions and CO2 concentration. A lack of understanding and observatio ...
US Rejection of the Kyoto Protocol: the impact
US Rejection of the Kyoto Protocol: the impact

PDF
PDF

... by the World Bank to provide interim, scaled-up funding to help developing countries in their e¤orts to mitigate increases in greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change (World Bank Press Release No:2009/092/SDN). In addition, developed countries have promised to contribute funds to assist ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of

... the mean values for the whole region, their spatial distribution patterns and the inter-model variability. Previously, the creation of distributed layers of temperature and precipitation from data provided by weather observatories was necessary to assess the ability of RCMs to reproduce the observed ...
Welcome Remarks by Prof. Kyaw Htun, Deputy Director
Welcome Remarks by Prof. Kyaw Htun, Deputy Director

... and REDD Phases during 2009. In line with this development, an ASEAN Regional Workshop on Forest and Climate Change was organized in Phnom Penh in May 2009 and made the policy implementation options for REDD as part of ongoing regional cooperation among the ASEAN Member States. The options basically ...
The Ethical implications of global climate change - unesdoc
The Ethical implications of global climate change - unesdoc

... The claim that global climate change is the defining issue of our era is supported by the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published in 2007, which states unequivocally that global climate change engendered by past and present human activities poses a ...
PDF
PDF

... because of its negative externalities on natural, physical, biological and human systems. Global warming, caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), is attributable to anthropogenic activities (IPCC, 2007). Among greenhouse gases, carbon di-oxide (CO2) is emitted in the highest ...
Protected area needs in a changing climate
Protected area needs in a changing climate

... 2004; Hannah et al. 2005). While it would be desirable to have individually derived representation targets for each species based on their population dynamics and area needs, such individual treatment was not possible for the large number of species treated here. Using these criteria, the current pr ...
Impacts of thermohaline circulation shutdown in the twenty
Impacts of thermohaline circulation shutdown in the twenty

... PG and P. The subsequent fall in temperature of the upper 100 m of the Greenland-Norwegian Seas is also very similar, 5◦ C in both cases. In pre-industrial experiment P this cooling leads to a sharp increase in sea-ice cover in the first decade (Fig. 6, see also Fig. 6 of Vellinga et al. (2002)). Be ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of

... the mean values for the whole region, their spatial distribution patterns and the inter-model variability. Previously, the creation of distributed layers of temperature and precipitation from data provided by weather observatories was necessary to assess the ability of RCMs to reproduce the observed ...
Presentation by Johannes Bollen, the Netherlands
Presentation by Johannes Bollen, the Netherlands

... • Top-down economy + bottom-up energy • Intertemporal maximization of discounted utility – Abatement "where", "when“, and "what" flexibility ...
Macedonia: National Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Macedonia: National Climate Vulnerability Assessment

... Nitrogen oxide ...
"Climate Change and Agriculture: Agriculture's Role in Cap-and-Trade"
"Climate Change and Agriculture: Agriculture's Role in Cap-and-Trade"

... Cap-and-Trade…and Opportunities for Agriculture Q: What is the role of Agricultural Offsets in Cap-and-Trade? A: Offsets are a cost-containment measure (keep costs of cap-&-trade system lower for society, for capped entities); and, A: Soil sinks, other ag reductions have multiple ancillary benefits ...
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IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), is the fourth in a series of reports intended to assess scientific, technical and socio-economic information concerning climate change, its potential effects, and options for adaptation and mitigation. The report is the largest and most detailed summary of the climate change situation ever undertaken, produced by thousands of authors, editors, and reviewers from dozens of countries, citing over 6,000 peer-reviewed scientific studies.It supersedes the Third Assessment Report (2001), and is superseded by the Fifth Assessment Report.The headline findings of the report were: ""warming of the climate system is unequivocal"", and ""most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.""
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