Solar irradiance reduction to counteract radiative forcing from a
... in the experiment of Govindasamy et al. (2003) a reduction of 3.6 % was sufficient. In a simulation where transient greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing was balanced by a solar constant reduction, changing with time, Matthews and Caldeira (2007) studied regional responses. They found a precipitation decreas ...
... in the experiment of Govindasamy et al. (2003) a reduction of 3.6 % was sufficient. In a simulation where transient greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing was balanced by a solar constant reduction, changing with time, Matthews and Caldeira (2007) studied regional responses. They found a precipitation decreas ...
Aviation and global climate change in the 21st century
... a global RF for aviation cirrus with a mean value of 30 mW m2 and an uncertainty range of 10–80 mW m2, assuming similar optical properties to very thin cirrus. IPCC AR4 WGI adopted these values with the caveat that 30 mW m2 does not constitute a ‘best estimate’ in the same qualitative sense as ot ...
... a global RF for aviation cirrus with a mean value of 30 mW m2 and an uncertainty range of 10–80 mW m2, assuming similar optical properties to very thin cirrus. IPCC AR4 WGI adopted these values with the caveat that 30 mW m2 does not constitute a ‘best estimate’ in the same qualitative sense as ot ...
The Meaning of Uncertainty: Debating Climate Change in the Gilded
... some nineteenth-century climate thinkers relished pointing out the uncertainty inherent to knowledge production. The famed conservationist George Perkins Marsh dedicated a section of his 1864 tome Man and Nature to the “uncertainty of our meteorological knowledge” while in 1883 Henry Allen Hazen des ...
... some nineteenth-century climate thinkers relished pointing out the uncertainty inherent to knowledge production. The famed conservationist George Perkins Marsh dedicated a section of his 1864 tome Man and Nature to the “uncertainty of our meteorological knowledge” while in 1883 Henry Allen Hazen des ...
Vulnerability Assessment towards heat waves in
... cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive ...
... cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive ...
Transformative Learning and Engagement with Climate
... 1. INTRODUCTION In its Fifth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) finds that the evidence for anthropogenic climate change is “unequivocal”, and that that unless carbon emissions are sharply reduced, global warming relative to 1850–1900 is likely to exceed 2°C and ...
... 1. INTRODUCTION In its Fifth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) finds that the evidence for anthropogenic climate change is “unequivocal”, and that that unless carbon emissions are sharply reduced, global warming relative to 1850–1900 is likely to exceed 2°C and ...
trees on the move - the National Sea Grant Library
... ocean characteristics: GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory – NOAA), HadCM3 (Hadley Center in the United Kingdom), and PCM (the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Parallel Climate Model). From these models, it is possible to calculate the impact of the global climate change on Earth c ...
... ocean characteristics: GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory – NOAA), HadCM3 (Hadley Center in the United Kingdom), and PCM (the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Parallel Climate Model). From these models, it is possible to calculate the impact of the global climate change on Earth c ...
Invited Opinion
... event to global climate change caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gasses, the fact that this is occurring as a broad global trend is now unequivocal, and it is very likely caused by humanity. For many key parameters, the climate system is already moving beyond the patterns of natural variability wit ...
... event to global climate change caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gasses, the fact that this is occurring as a broad global trend is now unequivocal, and it is very likely caused by humanity. For many key parameters, the climate system is already moving beyond the patterns of natural variability wit ...
Carbon Geography: The Political Economy of Congressional
... geography. The coastal states, such as California, Oregon, and Washington stand out as lowcarbon areas largely due to their proximity to large Northwest hydroelectric facilities and natural gas. In contrast, the Midwest and South have higher than average per-capita emissions largely due to their coa ...
... geography. The coastal states, such as California, Oregon, and Washington stand out as lowcarbon areas largely due to their proximity to large Northwest hydroelectric facilities and natural gas. In contrast, the Midwest and South have higher than average per-capita emissions largely due to their coa ...
Climate Risk and Resilience Planning for Wastewater Infrastructure
... Factors in Setting Risk-based Design Criteria will be used to evaluate cost/benefit of facility hardening • Planning Horizon to establish the service life: – 2075 for Critical Long-Term Facilities (e.g. WWTPs) – 2040 selected for pump station flows (e.g. PS-1) ...
... Factors in Setting Risk-based Design Criteria will be used to evaluate cost/benefit of facility hardening • Planning Horizon to establish the service life: – 2075 for Critical Long-Term Facilities (e.g. WWTPs) – 2040 selected for pump station flows (e.g. PS-1) ...
Quick overview of the activities in this module
... any code that you write can be saved and run later, and you know exactly what you did! 13. There are two packages that we need to run GLM in R: GLMr and glmtools. GLMr actually runs the model and glmtools gives you different functions for analyzing the model. These two packages were written by Jorda ...
... any code that you write can be saved and run later, and you know exactly what you did! 13. There are two packages that we need to run GLM in R: GLMr and glmtools. GLMr actually runs the model and glmtools gives you different functions for analyzing the model. These two packages were written by Jorda ...
Business Plan Concept Note Algae Biofuel Feedstock Project Robert Tulip, August 2009
... 9.8. Initial modelling will prove the safely and feasibility of the technology, prior to piloting at sea. Environmental safety, including prevention of algae spillage in storms, will be a main goal, and will be delivered through proprietary methods. In the event of storm, the entire system will be l ...
... 9.8. Initial modelling will prove the safely and feasibility of the technology, prior to piloting at sea. Environmental safety, including prevention of algae spillage in storms, will be a main goal, and will be delivered through proprietary methods. In the event of storm, the entire system will be l ...
English
... towards zero-carbon and climate-resilient sustainable development. This year, as countries begin to take concrete action to deliver on their national climate goals, we are pleased to release an updated report of UNDP’s climate change work. New, in this report, is a special focus on the linkages betw ...
... towards zero-carbon and climate-resilient sustainable development. This year, as countries begin to take concrete action to deliver on their national climate goals, we are pleased to release an updated report of UNDP’s climate change work. New, in this report, is a special focus on the linkages betw ...
Reducing the Future to Climate: a Story of Climate Determinism and
... claims made by scientists, analysts and commentators about the future impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Here are some examples of claims in which emerge from this climate reductionist form of analysis: ...
... claims made by scientists, analysts and commentators about the future impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Here are some examples of claims in which emerge from this climate reductionist form of analysis: ...
Current models broadly neglect specific needs of under climate change
... functioning and may not, in the long run, support all the species they were designed to protect [3,5,11]. Factors other than climate change are also expected to dynamically influence and negatively impact the efficacy of protected areas. Growing human population densities, intensified land-use, inva ...
... functioning and may not, in the long run, support all the species they were designed to protect [3,5,11]. Factors other than climate change are also expected to dynamically influence and negatively impact the efficacy of protected areas. Growing human population densities, intensified land-use, inva ...
likely effects of global climate change on the purse seine fishery for
... National Centre for Atmospheric Research’s (NCAR) Climate System Model (CSM) was used to assess the likely effects of changes in wind fields over the southeast Atlantic on the Cape anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus. Some changes in sea level pressure and wind patterns were evident between the current a ...
... National Centre for Atmospheric Research’s (NCAR) Climate System Model (CSM) was used to assess the likely effects of changes in wind fields over the southeast Atlantic on the Cape anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus. Some changes in sea level pressure and wind patterns were evident between the current a ...
Introduction to Incremental Cost
... Cost: Rs. 1000 Crore, Carbon: 15 million tons Alternative: Coal Plant with Super Critical Boiler delivering the same electricity Cost: Rs. 1100 Crore, Carbon: 13.5 million Tons Incremental Cost: Rs. 100 Crore ...
... Cost: Rs. 1000 Crore, Carbon: 15 million tons Alternative: Coal Plant with Super Critical Boiler delivering the same electricity Cost: Rs. 1100 Crore, Carbon: 13.5 million Tons Incremental Cost: Rs. 100 Crore ...
Fourth Carbon Budget Review – part 1
... fluctuations and cooling from other natural factors. Similar periods occurred in the 20th Century, and they are consistent with longer-term warming. • Recent assessments of the likely temperature change in response to greenhouse gas concentrations confirm previous ones. In particular, the IPCC prov ...
... fluctuations and cooling from other natural factors. Similar periods occurred in the 20th Century, and they are consistent with longer-term warming. • Recent assessments of the likely temperature change in response to greenhouse gas concentrations confirm previous ones. In particular, the IPCC prov ...
Amphibian Breeding and Climate Change
... Abstract: Climate changes may be influencing the breeding patterns of certain organisms. Effects on breeding activities could eventually lead to significant changes in population structure that may be reflected in population declines of species that are especially sensitive, such as some amphibians. ...
... Abstract: Climate changes may be influencing the breeding patterns of certain organisms. Effects on breeding activities could eventually lead to significant changes in population structure that may be reflected in population declines of species that are especially sensitive, such as some amphibians. ...
13282@@2@@Atlantic Charter for sustainable
... Following on from the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is now widely accepted by the scientific community that human activity has a direct impact on climate change, posing a threat not only to biodiversity, but also to populations. Urgent action is needed, all the mor ...
... Following on from the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is now widely accepted by the scientific community that human activity has a direct impact on climate change, posing a threat not only to biodiversity, but also to populations. Urgent action is needed, all the mor ...
The fate of Amazonian ecosystems over the coming century arising
... There are considerable differences between the projected climatologies by the three GCMs. All three predict significant (P < 0.01), regionwide warming trends over the 21st century; however, the magnitudes of warming trends differ: HadCM3 has the strongest warming trend over the region (0.45 °C de1) ...
... There are considerable differences between the projected climatologies by the three GCMs. All three predict significant (P < 0.01), regionwide warming trends over the 21st century; however, the magnitudes of warming trends differ: HadCM3 has the strongest warming trend over the region (0.45 °C de1) ...
Assessing Climate Change Risks and Opportunities for Investors
... Table 1: Climate change risks, forecast change, potential impacts and adaptation strategies................................................................................3 Table 2: Energy cost risks, forecast change, potential impacts and mitigation strategies....................................... ...
... Table 1: Climate change risks, forecast change, potential impacts and adaptation strategies................................................................................3 Table 2: Energy cost risks, forecast change, potential impacts and mitigation strategies....................................... ...