city of santa cruz city climate change vulnerability assessment
... Just as the surface of the Earth is not flat, the surface of the oceans is also not flat, and this sea surface elevation is changing over short and long‐term time periods. We often refer to Global Sea Level, or the average height of all the Earth's oceans. Global Sea Level Rise refers to the cur ...
... Just as the surface of the Earth is not flat, the surface of the oceans is also not flat, and this sea surface elevation is changing over short and long‐term time periods. We often refer to Global Sea Level, or the average height of all the Earth's oceans. Global Sea Level Rise refers to the cur ...
Feedbacks and mechanisms affecting the global
... 22 ± 5 cm SLE (RCP8.5) by Marzeion et al. (2012). Remarkably, there is considerable overlap of the uncertainty ranges of projected mass loss from glaciers even for very different climate scenarios. For instance, RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, which during the period 2081–2100 arrive at a global mean temperature ...
... 22 ± 5 cm SLE (RCP8.5) by Marzeion et al. (2012). Remarkably, there is considerable overlap of the uncertainty ranges of projected mass loss from glaciers even for very different climate scenarios. For instance, RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, which during the period 2081–2100 arrive at a global mean temperature ...
Including land use, land-use change, and forestry in future climate
... integration or separation between LULUCF commitments and commitments that may be undertaken in other sectors. This option arises if, instead of undertaking a single commitment that covers all sectors as in the current KP, nations are allowed to undertake separate commitments in specific sectors. For ...
... integration or separation between LULUCF commitments and commitments that may be undertaken in other sectors. This option arises if, instead of undertaking a single commitment that covers all sectors as in the current KP, nations are allowed to undertake separate commitments in specific sectors. For ...
Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent
... predicted from temperature records14 . This variability emphasizes that realistic projections of future growth-form (and species) composition and abundance in tundra need to consider the relative importance of summer climate warming and other drivers of vegetation change. This study is significant i ...
... predicted from temperature records14 . This variability emphasizes that realistic projections of future growth-form (and species) composition and abundance in tundra need to consider the relative importance of summer climate warming and other drivers of vegetation change. This study is significant i ...
The evolution of, and revolution in, land surface schemes designed
... the most common uses of climate models is to explore the impact of perturbations caused by human activity. Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is one such example, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC; Houghton et al., 2001) provide a comprehensive assessment of this area, including ...
... the most common uses of climate models is to explore the impact of perturbations caused by human activity. Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is one such example, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC; Houghton et al., 2001) provide a comprehensive assessment of this area, including ...
12 - Chinese Academy of Sciences
... threatened the stabilization of political power, likely “long years of locust outbreaks caused the peasant uprising and the destruction of West-Han Dynasty” (recorded in History of East-Han Dynasty, a book published circa 25–220 A.D), the first law of locust control in China was issued in 1075 A.D. ...
... threatened the stabilization of political power, likely “long years of locust outbreaks caused the peasant uprising and the destruction of West-Han Dynasty” (recorded in History of East-Han Dynasty, a book published circa 25–220 A.D), the first law of locust control in China was issued in 1075 A.D. ...
A Brewing Storm: The climate change risks to
... World production has more than trebled since the 1960s, consumption goes up by 5 per cent every year, and the industry boasts a strong potential for further growth.4 In Australia coffee recently supplanted tea as our lead stimulant-of-choice, with 46 per cent of us now enjoying it daily.5 Market gro ...
... World production has more than trebled since the 1960s, consumption goes up by 5 per cent every year, and the industry boasts a strong potential for further growth.4 In Australia coffee recently supplanted tea as our lead stimulant-of-choice, with 46 per cent of us now enjoying it daily.5 Market gro ...
Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in
... One of the most important feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change is the potential release of soil carbon as temperature increases, especially at high latitudes (Field et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a fact ...
... One of the most important feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change is the potential release of soil carbon as temperature increases, especially at high latitudes (Field et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a fact ...
Pandas` Bamboo Food May Be Lost to Climate Change
... The results of the study are published in the Nov. 11 issue of the journal Nature Climate Change. Follow Clara Moskowitz on Twitter @ClaraMoskowitz or LiveScience @livescience. We're also on ...
... The results of the study are published in the Nov. 11 issue of the journal Nature Climate Change. Follow Clara Moskowitz on Twitter @ClaraMoskowitz or LiveScience @livescience. We're also on ...
Solar ultraviolet radiation in a changing climate
... likely to have contributed to the relatively small impact of changes in UV-B radiation on growth35, although these responses can be species- and region-specific. While plants found in naturally high UV radiation environments (e.g. tropical or high alpine) produce more UVabsorbing compounds (‘sunscre ...
... likely to have contributed to the relatively small impact of changes in UV-B radiation on growth35, although these responses can be species- and region-specific. While plants found in naturally high UV radiation environments (e.g. tropical or high alpine) produce more UVabsorbing compounds (‘sunscre ...
A Thought for Food
... habitat due to anthropogenic climate change — not international trade. Habitat loss and the resulting population declines can only be mitigated through global reduction in emissions of GHGs. … international trade does not currently appear to be a significant threat to the global polar bear populatio ...
... habitat due to anthropogenic climate change — not international trade. Habitat loss and the resulting population declines can only be mitigated through global reduction in emissions of GHGs. … international trade does not currently appear to be a significant threat to the global polar bear populatio ...
Rensselaer - Department of Economics
... computer modeling, we know that past fossil fuel emissions alone will eventually cause the earth to heat by several degrees Celsius. Over the past 800,000 years atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have varied between 180ppm and 280ppm (Dichter et al. 2008). CO2 levels during this period are positively ...
... computer modeling, we know that past fossil fuel emissions alone will eventually cause the earth to heat by several degrees Celsius. Over the past 800,000 years atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have varied between 180ppm and 280ppm (Dichter et al. 2008). CO2 levels during this period are positively ...
assessment of changes of extreme wave conditions at the
... of the Cosmo-CLM runs for the 21st century (A1B_1, A1B_2, B1_1, and B1_2) and the 20th century (C20_1 and C20_2). From the ensemble of the differences, the bandwidth of changes between the minimum and maximum differences of the frequency of occurrence was identified for the scenarios 2050 and 2100. ...
... of the Cosmo-CLM runs for the 21st century (A1B_1, A1B_2, B1_1, and B1_2) and the 20th century (C20_1 and C20_2). From the ensemble of the differences, the bandwidth of changes between the minimum and maximum differences of the frequency of occurrence was identified for the scenarios 2050 and 2100. ...
PDF
... Copenhagen Accord does call for “Nationally appropriate mitigating actions” by Developing Countries, but the parameters are much looser than for the “Quantified economy-wide emission targets for 2020” that are expected of the Annex-B Countries (United Nations, 2009, Appendix I and II respectively). ...
... Copenhagen Accord does call for “Nationally appropriate mitigating actions” by Developing Countries, but the parameters are much looser than for the “Quantified economy-wide emission targets for 2020” that are expected of the Annex-B Countries (United Nations, 2009, Appendix I and II respectively). ...
Climate politics in the lower Mekong basin
... in the Lower Mekong Basin. Our approach deviates from policy-oriented studies on climate change and transboundary water governance, which tend to focus on climate scenarios and normative policies aimed at increasing resilience (Easthamet al. 2008; Cooley et al. 2009; Goulden et al. 2009; TKK and RC ...
... in the Lower Mekong Basin. Our approach deviates from policy-oriented studies on climate change and transboundary water governance, which tend to focus on climate scenarios and normative policies aimed at increasing resilience (Easthamet al. 2008; Cooley et al. 2009; Goulden et al. 2009; TKK and RC ...
Semiarid watershed response in central New Mexico and its
... model: Agustin, Brushy Mountain, Datil, Laguna, and Socorro (Fig. 3). Each gauge provides hourly measurements with record lengths varying from 4 to 30 years (Table 2). The records were used to identify consecutive rainfall periods, estimate their average intensity over the event duration and determi ...
... model: Agustin, Brushy Mountain, Datil, Laguna, and Socorro (Fig. 3). Each gauge provides hourly measurements with record lengths varying from 4 to 30 years (Table 2). The records were used to identify consecutive rainfall periods, estimate their average intensity over the event duration and determi ...
Climate Change and Cultural Heritage Conservation
... next NPS Centennial Essay series appears, the Earth will be 2-4 degrees Celsius (4-11 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer, with some 0.25m higher sea levels, fewer plant and animal species, and perhaps two billion more human beings. The centennial of America's "best idea" is as good a time as any to think se ...
... next NPS Centennial Essay series appears, the Earth will be 2-4 degrees Celsius (4-11 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer, with some 0.25m higher sea levels, fewer plant and animal species, and perhaps two billion more human beings. The centennial of America's "best idea" is as good a time as any to think se ...
2. The impacts of climate change on the benthos
... there is also evidence of local and regional heterogeneity within biogeographic ranges, with infilling of gaps or loss of site occupancy away from range limits. Living close to their physiological tolerance limits, being sessile or sedentary, having typically short life spans and being from lower t ...
... there is also evidence of local and regional heterogeneity within biogeographic ranges, with infilling of gaps or loss of site occupancy away from range limits. Living close to their physiological tolerance limits, being sessile or sedentary, having typically short life spans and being from lower t ...
Publisher version
... Convention. A key outcome of this process was recognition by Parties ‘that deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions are required according to science, and as documented in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with a view to reducing global greenhouse gas ...
... Convention. A key outcome of this process was recognition by Parties ‘that deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions are required according to science, and as documented in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with a view to reducing global greenhouse gas ...
Climate change mitigation in developing countries
... asking that richer nations take action first, many are undertaking efforts that have significantly reduced the growth of their own greenhouse gas emissions. In most cases, climate mitigation is not the goal, but rather an outgrowth of efforts driven by economic, security, or local environmental conc ...
... asking that richer nations take action first, many are undertaking efforts that have significantly reduced the growth of their own greenhouse gas emissions. In most cases, climate mitigation is not the goal, but rather an outgrowth of efforts driven by economic, security, or local environmental conc ...
DOC - Europa
... solutions both for security of supply and climate, global greenhouse gas emissions cannot be reduced by at least 50% by 2050, as they need to be, if we do not also use other options such as carbon capture and storage. ...
... solutions both for security of supply and climate, global greenhouse gas emissions cannot be reduced by at least 50% by 2050, as they need to be, if we do not also use other options such as carbon capture and storage. ...
... measurements, show maximum accumulation rates in Quaternary time. The more pronounced Quaternary maxima for point measurements than for Métivier’s estimates of dry volumes derives, in part, from the absence of corrections for compaction to the point measurements. In regions such as Mongolia, a corr ...
Introduction Definition of Key Terms
... Impact of desertification Global climate change Global warming caused by increased carbon emissions has raised the global temperature by an average of 0.3 to 0.6 degrees Celsius. This phenomenon can be attributed to industrialization and the greenhouse effect. The general rise in temperature has rai ...
... Impact of desertification Global climate change Global warming caused by increased carbon emissions has raised the global temperature by an average of 0.3 to 0.6 degrees Celsius. This phenomenon can be attributed to industrialization and the greenhouse effect. The general rise in temperature has rai ...
http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0203e/i0203e00.pdf
... The world’s dependence on the capture fisheries and aquaculture sector is threatened not only by misuse of these aquatic resources but also by factors external to the sector, such as pollution runoff, land use transformation, other aquatic resources uses and climatic changes. As significant coastal ...
... The world’s dependence on the capture fisheries and aquaculture sector is threatened not only by misuse of these aquatic resources but also by factors external to the sector, such as pollution runoff, land use transformation, other aquatic resources uses and climatic changes. As significant coastal ...