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Antiseizure drugs
Antiseizure drugs

... frequency of GABAA channel openings, may interfere with glutamate binding to AMPA/KA receptor • Half-life: 20-30 hours (long) • Adverse effects: CNS sedative • Drug interactions: Stimulates CYP3A and inhibits CYP2C19, can lessen effectiveness of birth control pills ...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRO RETENTIVE IN
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRO RETENTIVE IN

... hydrochloride without any mutual interaction as per DSC and FTIR spectra. From the release kinetic studies, it was concluded that ZF5 formulation indicated first order release with Higuchi as a best fit model. From the stability studies, it was found that there was no noticeable changes in drug cont ...
Selective Inhibition of Human Solute Carrier Transporters by
Selective Inhibition of Human Solute Carrier Transporters by

... Karlgren et al., 2012; Hu et al., 2014). At present, however, information on the selectivity of inhibitory interactions across major SLC is not readily available, especially for some of the newer MKIs. The present study assessed the capacity of 18 MKIs to inhibit substrate uptake by 13 OATP, OAT, OC ...
Veterinary Antibiotics
Veterinary Antibiotics

... V. MACROLIDES—bacteriostatic, derived from Streptomyces bacteria, macrocyclic lactone chemical structure; have shown effective against mycoplasma, mycobacteria, some rickettsia and chlamydia. MOA: inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding reversibly to the subunit 50S of the bacterial ri ...
Locally Synchronized Synaptic Inputs
Locally Synchronized Synaptic Inputs

... over of diffusible molecules (such as glutamate) to neighboring synapses (fig. S7C);(iv) spatial segregation of spine excitation by local dendritic inhibition (fig. S7D); or (v) local depolarizationinduced increase in a chance of calcium influx in neighboring spines. We can rule out mechanisms ii to ...
bicalutamide - Cancer Care Ontario
bicalutamide - Cancer Care Ontario

... the potential of QT prolongation. Bone loss may occur during the hypoandrogenic state caused  by long­term combined androgen blockade.  Risk factors such as older patients, pre­existing  osteopenia, family history of osteoporosis, chronic use of corticosteroids or anticonvulsants, or  chronic alcoho ...
Selective Suppression of Cocaine- versus Food
Selective Suppression of Cocaine- versus Food

... clinical studies (for review, see Grabowski et al., 2004). Other advantages of amphetamine include its high oral bioavailability, relatively long duration of action, and long-standing clinical availability for the treatment of other disorders including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and na ...
Cocaine and Amphetamines
Cocaine and Amphetamines

... powerful burst of energy sense of well-being confidence elevated sympathetic activity activates dopamine “reward” pathway ...
Errors in Patients` Information Leaflets of Marketed Medicines in
Errors in Patients` Information Leaflets of Marketed Medicines in

... patient information leaflets (PILs) meet the standards. It has also been also observed that mainly in the PILs side effects and adverse reactions were not fully described and written in such manner that patients cannot manage with these events and must be kept ignorant of medicinal uncertainties. PI ...
Simultaneous Golgi-Cox and immunofluorescence using confocal
Simultaneous Golgi-Cox and immunofluorescence using confocal

... (three changes, 20 min each) to remove any trace of fixative and placed in 20 ml of Golgi-Cox solution. The composition of Golgi-Cox solution was: 5% potassium dichromate, 5% mercuric chloride, 5% potassium chromate (pH 6.5) (Adermark and Lovinger 2006). The brains remained immersed in this solution ...
TGN1412: From Discovery to Disaster
TGN1412: From Discovery to Disaster

... an increasing dose of TGN1412 starting from 5 to 50 mg/ mL was administered. Dose as high as 50 mg/mL was well tolerated and no adverse reactions such as systemic immune system disregulation or hypersensitive reactions were observed. In addition, no signs of toxicity were observed in any of the phys ...
Dyslipidemia PHCL 442
Dyslipidemia PHCL 442

... by giving aspirin • Increase blood glucose by 10-20% • Hepatotoxicity: sustained release formulation, defined as 3 times the upper limit of liver enzymes & could be associated with symptoms as fatigue, anorexia, malaise & nausea • Niasepam: is the best, less flushing but more GI effects like nausea, ...
Sympathetic NS
Sympathetic NS

... Depression, inhibit neuronal uptake; at toxic S: dry mouth, blurred vision, decrease urination; T: severe anticholinergic effect, respiratory depression, (Amitril, Elavil) doses can block muscarinic, alpha, and histamine receptors PHT (alpha-block) (Thorazine) Schizophrenia, surgery premedication in ...
Drug Therapy
Drug Therapy

... by giving aspirin • Increase blood glucose by 10-20% • Hepatotoxicity: sustained release formulation, defined as 3 times the upper limit of liver enzymes & could be associated with symptoms as fatigue, anorexia, malaise & nausea • Niasepam: is the best, less flushing but more GI effects like nausea, ...
Pharmacological Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Pharmacological Treatment of Urinary Incontinence

... The female bladder and urethra have a somatic (pudendal) and an autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) innervation (Fig. 1). The pudendal nerve arises from the sacral nerve roots S2YS4 and supplies the external urethral sphincter. The parasympathetic nerves, which govern bladder contraction, ar ...
Therapeutic options and challenges for substances of abuse
Therapeutic options and challenges for substances of abuse

... and mood disorders such as depression supports the use of antidepressant medications as effective pharmacotherapies for cigarette smoking cessation.34 Sustainedrelease bupropion, an atypical antidepressant agent, has been the most commonly used medication for the pharmacotherapy of smoking cessation ...
development of gastroretentive optimized once a day floating and/or
development of gastroretentive optimized once a day floating and/or

... among all drug delivery systems due to their several advantages over the conventional systems like; Improved patient compliance, less frequent dosing, reduction in fluctuation of steady state plasma levels, reduction in health care cost through improved therapy and shorter treatment period[1, 2] and ...
JCleary revised CND-INCB-WHO
JCleary revised CND-INCB-WHO

... preventing the diversion of drugs from licit to illicit markets and in protecting society from the consequences of dependence. However, in many countries equal attention has not been given to the other objective of the treaties — ensuring the adequate availability of controlled substances. Measures ...
2012 פברואר ה
2012 פברואר ה

... preparations may decrease the effectiveness of latex contraceptive agents. Therefore, GYNO-DAKTARIN products should not be used concurrently with a latex condom or latex diaphragm. ...
Psychostimulants and Cognition: A Continuum of Behavioral and
Psychostimulants and Cognition: A Continuum of Behavioral and

In Brief
In Brief

... of atherosclerosis progression in adolescents and adults. Serial LDL levels from childhood to adulthood predicted CIMT in adulthood.44 Reversal of endothelial dysfunction, as well as regression of CIMT after lipid reduction, reflect an improvement in the atherosclerosis process.43 The lipidlowering ...
Propranolol blocks cardiac and neuronal voltage
Propranolol blocks cardiac and neuronal voltage

... R-(+)-enantiomer (previously designated d-propranolol) is practically devoid of β-blocking activity (Mehvar and Brocks, 2001). The pharmacological effects of the drug in treating cardiovascular diseases can be largely explained by β-adrenergic receptor block, but other recognized effects such as ant ...
EFFECT OF POLYMERS AS MATRIX SYSTEM IN FORMULATION OF SUSTAINED... THEOPHYLLINE MATRIX TABLET Research Article
EFFECT OF POLYMERS AS MATRIX SYSTEM IN FORMULATION OF SUSTAINED... THEOPHYLLINE MATRIX TABLET Research Article

... study the effect of type, viscosity and concentration of polymer on drug release; the matrix tablets were formulated by wet granulation method using hydrophilic polymer hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M), hydrophobic polymer (Cetostearyl alcohol and Bees wax) and combi ...
Disorders of Hemostasis Hereditary Disorders of Hemostasis Von
Disorders of Hemostasis Hereditary Disorders of Hemostasis Von

... vasoconstrictor. ...
Drugs Hanson 13
Drugs Hanson 13

... • Muscle relaxation: Aids in reducing muscle spasms • Analgesic effect: In patients experiencing frequent migraines and chronic headaches or inflammation ...
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Neuropharmacology

Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs affect cellular function in the nervous system, and the neural mechanisms through which they influence behavior. There are two main branches of neuropharmacology: behavioral and molecular. Behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of how drugs affect human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), including the study of how drug dependence and addiction affect the human brain. Molecular neuropharmacology involves the study of neurons and their neurochemical interactions, with the overall goal of developing drugs that have beneficial effects on neurological function. Both of these fields are closely connected, since both are concerned with the interactions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, neuromodulators, enzymes, second messengers, co-transporters, ion channels, and receptor proteins in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Studying these interactions, researchers are developing drugs to treat many different neurological disorders, including pain, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, psychological disorders, addiction, and many others.
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