On the Quantum Theory of Line–spectra
... In fact we have assumed that the direct transition between two such states cannot be described by ordinary mechanics, while on the other hand we possess no means of defining an energy difference between two states if there exists no possibility for a continuous mechanical connection between them. It ...
... In fact we have assumed that the direct transition between two such states cannot be described by ordinary mechanics, while on the other hand we possess no means of defining an energy difference between two states if there exists no possibility for a continuous mechanical connection between them. It ...
Lecture notes - UCSD Department of Physics
... The subject of the course is regulated quantum field theory (QFT): we will study quantum field theories which can be constructed by starting from systems with finitely many degrees of freedom per unit volume, with local interactions between them. Often these degrees of freedom will live on a lattice ...
... The subject of the course is regulated quantum field theory (QFT): we will study quantum field theories which can be constructed by starting from systems with finitely many degrees of freedom per unit volume, with local interactions between them. Often these degrees of freedom will live on a lattice ...
Introduction to the Bethe Ansatz II
... N/2 descends more rapidly than any other state. Even though |F i starts out at the top of the spectrum, it is certain to become the ground state in a sufficiently strong field. The saturation field hS marks the value of h where |F i overtakes its closest competitor in the race of levels down the ene ...
... N/2 descends more rapidly than any other state. Even though |F i starts out at the top of the spectrum, it is certain to become the ground state in a sufficiently strong field. The saturation field hS marks the value of h where |F i overtakes its closest competitor in the race of levels down the ene ...
Adiabatic processes in the ionization of highly excited hydrogen atoms
... Whereas even the first classical numerical simulations [3] took into account the fringe fields of the microwave cavity which in the rest frame of the atom appear as a slow rise and decrease of the external field, the quantum calculations usually rest on the assumption that the effect of the turn-on ...
... Whereas even the first classical numerical simulations [3] took into account the fringe fields of the microwave cavity which in the rest frame of the atom appear as a slow rise and decrease of the external field, the quantum calculations usually rest on the assumption that the effect of the turn-on ...
Completeness, Supervenience, and Ontology
... two physical situations are given the same description by that theory, then the situations are physically identical in all respects. A description can be informationally complete in this sense even though it is not, intuitively, a direct description what is physically real. For example, consider cla ...
... two physical situations are given the same description by that theory, then the situations are physically identical in all respects. A description can be informationally complete in this sense even though it is not, intuitively, a direct description what is physically real. For example, consider cla ...
ppt
... for AdS5 boundary is S3x Time; SO(2,4) maps the boundary on itself and acts as a conformal group in 3+1 dimensions hence the gauge theory defined on the boundary is conformal (no asymptotic freedom, no confinement) ...
... for AdS5 boundary is S3x Time; SO(2,4) maps the boundary on itself and acts as a conformal group in 3+1 dimensions hence the gauge theory defined on the boundary is conformal (no asymptotic freedom, no confinement) ...
The discretized Schrodinger equation and simple models for
... eigenfunctions, equation (16), not an infinite number as in equations (14) and (15). This fact is easily seen from the perspective of linear algebra (with 2N + 1 atoms and one orbital per atom there are 2N + 1 basis states), and indeed, the Hamiltonian for this structure is the tridiagonal matrix of ...
... eigenfunctions, equation (16), not an infinite number as in equations (14) and (15). This fact is easily seen from the perspective of linear algebra (with 2N + 1 atoms and one orbital per atom there are 2N + 1 basis states), and indeed, the Hamiltonian for this structure is the tridiagonal matrix of ...
Classical-field description of the quantum effects
... in [11], this term has a fully classical meaning and fits into the concept developed in [7-11] in ...
... in [11], this term has a fully classical meaning and fits into the concept developed in [7-11] in ...
Algorithms and Proofs in Geometry
... • Given point A and segment BC, construct segment AD congruent to BC. (To place at a given point, as an extremity, a straight line equal to a given straight line.) • Euclid’s construction assumes B (or C) is different from A. • The Euclidean construction is not continuous in B as B approaches A (as ...
... • Given point A and segment BC, construct segment AD congruent to BC. (To place at a given point, as an extremity, a straight line equal to a given straight line.) • Euclid’s construction assumes B (or C) is different from A. • The Euclidean construction is not continuous in B as B approaches A (as ...
Chapter 10 The Hydrogen Atom The Schrodinger Equation in
... the consequences of the process of representation is the topological arguments of linear algebra are obscured. They are still there, simply obscured because the special functions we use are orthogonal, so can be made orthonormal, and complete, just as bras and kets in a dual space are orthonormal an ...
... the consequences of the process of representation is the topological arguments of linear algebra are obscured. They are still there, simply obscured because the special functions we use are orthogonal, so can be made orthonormal, and complete, just as bras and kets in a dual space are orthonormal an ...
7. THE EARLY UNIVERSE These chapters are from the book
... (ρ + 3p/c 2 ) > 0 or, in other words, (1 + 3w) > 0 since ρ > 0. This establishes that the graph of a(t) is necessarily concave. One can see therefore that a(t) must be equal to zero at some finite time in the past, and we can label this time t = 0 (see Figure 2.1). Since a(0) = 0 at this point, the d ...
... (ρ + 3p/c 2 ) > 0 or, in other words, (1 + 3w) > 0 since ρ > 0. This establishes that the graph of a(t) is necessarily concave. One can see therefore that a(t) must be equal to zero at some finite time in the past, and we can label this time t = 0 (see Figure 2.1). Since a(0) = 0 at this point, the d ...
Quantum gravity without gravitons in a superfluid quantum space.
... This hypothesis starts from considering the physical vacuum as a super uid quantum medium, that we call super uid quantum space (SQS), close to the previous concepts of quantum vacuum, quantum foam, super uid vacuum etc.[1, 2, 3] We usually believe that quantum vacuum is populated by an enormous amo ...
... This hypothesis starts from considering the physical vacuum as a super uid quantum medium, that we call super uid quantum space (SQS), close to the previous concepts of quantum vacuum, quantum foam, super uid vacuum etc.[1, 2, 3] We usually believe that quantum vacuum is populated by an enormous amo ...
One-Dimensional Mass-Spring Chains Supporting Elastic Waves
... dispersive, but whose amplitude may depend on the frequency and wave vector. In this case, the may create resonant phonon modes that are dispersive, but whose amplitude may depend on the interplay between the coupling and dispersion of the system may lead to symmetry breaking frequency and wave vect ...
... dispersive, but whose amplitude may depend on the frequency and wave vector. In this case, the may create resonant phonon modes that are dispersive, but whose amplitude may depend on the interplay between the coupling and dispersion of the system may lead to symmetry breaking frequency and wave vect ...
Formalism and Interpretation in Quantum Theory1 1 Two Views of
... more or less canonical) mathematical framework within which one can study and compare various kinds of classical and non-classical probabilistic models. This part of the paper is tutorial, and includes more than the minimum of detail, since the framework discussed here may be unfamiliar to many read ...
... more or less canonical) mathematical framework within which one can study and compare various kinds of classical and non-classical probabilistic models. This part of the paper is tutorial, and includes more than the minimum of detail, since the framework discussed here may be unfamiliar to many read ...
introduction of a quantum of time ("chronon")
... (along its trajectory) such that the electron takes a quantum of proper time to travel from one position to the following one [or, rather, two chronons: see the following]. It is tempting to examine extensively the generalization of such a theory to the quantum domain; and this will be performed in ...
... (along its trajectory) such that the electron takes a quantum of proper time to travel from one position to the following one [or, rather, two chronons: see the following]. It is tempting to examine extensively the generalization of such a theory to the quantum domain; and this will be performed in ...
Primitive ontology and quantum state in the GRW matter density theory
... quantum state of the Bohmian particle configuration of the universe as represented by the universal wave-function ψ: either as an object, or as a law, or as a property. He further ...
... quantum state of the Bohmian particle configuration of the universe as represented by the universal wave-function ψ: either as an object, or as a law, or as a property. He further ...
The Dynamics of General Relativity
... maintained. It is this clash with the smaller number of variables needed to describe the dynamics (i.e., the number of independent Cauchy data) that creates the difficulties in the analysis. In Lorentz covariant field theories, general techniques (Schwinger, 1951, 1953) (valid both in the quantum an ...
... maintained. It is this clash with the smaller number of variables needed to describe the dynamics (i.e., the number of independent Cauchy data) that creates the difficulties in the analysis. In Lorentz covariant field theories, general techniques (Schwinger, 1951, 1953) (valid both in the quantum an ...
Feynman-Kac formula for L´evy processes and semiclassical (Euclidean) momentum representation
... instead of (1.7) with initial condition g(·) ∈ S(R). Finally we will study the limiting behavior of (1.8) as ~ approaches 0. Usually there are two different methods to derive a Feynman-Kac type formula: • martingale methods combined with the Itô formula (see for example Section 5.7 of [14] and Sect ...
... instead of (1.7) with initial condition g(·) ∈ S(R). Finally we will study the limiting behavior of (1.8) as ~ approaches 0. Usually there are two different methods to derive a Feynman-Kac type formula: • martingale methods combined with the Itô formula (see for example Section 5.7 of [14] and Sect ...
Commun. Math. Phys. 227, 605 (2002).
... the Jones representation from the braid group to the modular functor V . This may seem strange given that the major focus of the field of quantum computation has, since 1995, been on fault tolerance. The point is that topology represents a potential alternative path toward computational stability. T ...
... the Jones representation from the braid group to the modular functor V . This may seem strange given that the major focus of the field of quantum computation has, since 1995, been on fault tolerance. The point is that topology represents a potential alternative path toward computational stability. T ...