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University of Groningen M-theory and gauged supergravities Roest
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... One theoretical improvement of the Standard Model is to introduce a different type of symmetry, called supersymmetry. The introduction of supersymmetry to the Standard Model solves the hierarchy problem and yields perfect agreement of α1,2,3 at 1016 GeV, see figure 1.1. However, it also introduces m ...
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... Einstein, Heisenberg, Bohr and their colleagues. But also for Descartes, Galileo, Newton and their contemporaries, and for Faraday, Maxwell […]. Today, this manner of posing problems is often regarded as “too philosophical” by many physicists. […] The problem of quantum gravity will not be solved un ...
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Topological quantum field theory

A topological quantum field theory (or topological field theory or TQFT) is a quantum field theory which computes topological invariants.Although TQFTs were invented by physicists, they are also of mathematical interest, being related to, among other things, knot theory and the theory of four-manifolds in algebraic topology, and to the theory of moduli spaces in algebraic geometry. Donaldson, Jones, Witten, and Kontsevich have all won Fields Medals for work related to topological field theory.In condensed matter physics, topological quantum field theories are the low energy effective theories of topologically ordered states, such as fractional quantum Hall states, string-net condensed states, and other strongly correlated quantum liquid states.
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