Evolution of Specialized Pyramidal Neurons in
... 1999; Nimchinsky et al., 1999]. Among the neuronal subtypes found in primate neocortex, Betz cells of primary motor cortex (Brodmann’s area 4) and Meynert cells of primary visual cortex (Brodmann’s area 17) have attracted particular attention due to their large cellular volume concomitant with uniqu ...
... 1999; Nimchinsky et al., 1999]. Among the neuronal subtypes found in primate neocortex, Betz cells of primary motor cortex (Brodmann’s area 4) and Meynert cells of primary visual cortex (Brodmann’s area 17) have attracted particular attention due to their large cellular volume concomitant with uniqu ...
Involvement of the Caudal Medulla in Negative Feedback
... neurons. These inhibitory effects induced by spatial summation of nociceptive inputs have been shown to involve a supraspinally mediated negative feedback loop. The aim of the present study was to determine the anatomic level of integration of these controls and hence to ascertain what relationships ...
... neurons. These inhibitory effects induced by spatial summation of nociceptive inputs have been shown to involve a supraspinally mediated negative feedback loop. The aim of the present study was to determine the anatomic level of integration of these controls and hence to ascertain what relationships ...
Regulation of Neurosteroid Biosynthesis by Neurotransmitters and
... receptor cDNAs have been cloned, and riboprobes have been used to localize the NPY receptor mRNAs in the frog brain. Expression of Y1 and Y5 receptor mRNAs was visualized in the anterior preoptic area and the dorsal magnocellular nucleus, i.e., in the two diencephalic nuclei where HST-immunoreactive ...
... receptor cDNAs have been cloned, and riboprobes have been used to localize the NPY receptor mRNAs in the frog brain. Expression of Y1 and Y5 receptor mRNAs was visualized in the anterior preoptic area and the dorsal magnocellular nucleus, i.e., in the two diencephalic nuclei where HST-immunoreactive ...
REVIEW Time Course of Auditory Processing, Visual Processing
... Bottom-up process is to take the heard sounds from bottom to up for processing. The process of first the auditory input, such as speech depends of ağabeylity to discriminate changes in the intensity, frequency, and duration of the sounds or-in psychological terms, changes in loudness, pitch and timi ...
... Bottom-up process is to take the heard sounds from bottom to up for processing. The process of first the auditory input, such as speech depends of ağabeylity to discriminate changes in the intensity, frequency, and duration of the sounds or-in psychological terms, changes in loudness, pitch and timi ...
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
... that action understanding takes place in the ventral part of the dorsal stream (Rizzolatti and Matelli 2003), others claim that actions are fully recognized and categorized outside the motor system, in the ventral stream (Mahon and Caramazza 2008). In order to further investigate the relative contri ...
... that action understanding takes place in the ventral part of the dorsal stream (Rizzolatti and Matelli 2003), others claim that actions are fully recognized and categorized outside the motor system, in the ventral stream (Mahon and Caramazza 2008). In order to further investigate the relative contri ...
Single nucleotide polymorphism in the neuroplastin locus
... heritability in children1,8 and adults.9,10 Differences in heritability are nonetheless notable. First, comparison of estimates of genetic effects in the left and right hemispheres indicate that these values are higher for the left hemisphere, suggesting that the languagedominant left cerebral corte ...
... heritability in children1,8 and adults.9,10 Differences in heritability are nonetheless notable. First, comparison of estimates of genetic effects in the left and right hemispheres indicate that these values are higher for the left hemisphere, suggesting that the languagedominant left cerebral corte ...
POSITIVE EFFECT OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION ON STRESS
... Although originally a part of Buddhism, there is nothing inherently religious about mindfulness. It is often taught independent of religious/ cultural connotation. Psychotherapists have adapted and developed mindfulness techniques into a promising cognitive behavioral therapies – Acceptance and co ...
... Although originally a part of Buddhism, there is nothing inherently religious about mindfulness. It is often taught independent of religious/ cultural connotation. Psychotherapists have adapted and developed mindfulness techniques into a promising cognitive behavioral therapies – Acceptance and co ...
Dynamic functional reorganization of the motor execution network
... Numerous studies argue that cortical reorganization may contribute to the restoration of motor function following stroke. However, the evolution of changes in the process of the post-stroke reorganization has been little studied. This study sought to identify dynamic changes in functional organizati ...
... Numerous studies argue that cortical reorganization may contribute to the restoration of motor function following stroke. However, the evolution of changes in the process of the post-stroke reorganization has been little studied. This study sought to identify dynamic changes in functional organizati ...
Evolutionary roots offreedom
... edge and memory. Naturally, they deal as well with the neural transactions between the organism and the environment that depend on those functions. In the human brain, there are two separate cortical regions with areas of association. One is in the posterior part of the brain, extending over large p ...
... edge and memory. Naturally, they deal as well with the neural transactions between the organism and the environment that depend on those functions. In the human brain, there are two separate cortical regions with areas of association. One is in the posterior part of the brain, extending over large p ...
Cellular scaling rules for the brain of afrotherians
... eulipotyphlans, as well as the coordinated scaling of numbers of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Afrotherians share with rodents and eulipotyphlans, but not with primates, the scaling of number of neurons in the cortex and in the cerebellum as a function of the number of neurons in th ...
... eulipotyphlans, as well as the coordinated scaling of numbers of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Afrotherians share with rodents and eulipotyphlans, but not with primates, the scaling of number of neurons in the cortex and in the cerebellum as a function of the number of neurons in th ...
Neurosteroids: Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes and
... conversion of D5-3b-hydroxysteroids into D4-3-ketosteroids, plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of steroid hormones (Fig. 1). Molecular cloning of the cDNAs encoding 3b-HSD has revealed the existence in human of two isoforms of the enzyme: type I 3b-HSD which is mainly expressed ...
... conversion of D5-3b-hydroxysteroids into D4-3-ketosteroids, plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of steroid hormones (Fig. 1). Molecular cloning of the cDNAs encoding 3b-HSD has revealed the existence in human of two isoforms of the enzyme: type I 3b-HSD which is mainly expressed ...
Summary
... that the return of oogenesis occurs in parallel to the progress of the reconstruction of the neurosecretory system of the regenerating brains. In our preliminary study we showed that the amputation of the first six head segments of D. veneta resulted in a temporary inhibition of cocoon production, w ...
... that the return of oogenesis occurs in parallel to the progress of the reconstruction of the neurosecretory system of the regenerating brains. In our preliminary study we showed that the amputation of the first six head segments of D. veneta resulted in a temporary inhibition of cocoon production, w ...
Parkinsonian Treatments and L-Dopa vs. D
... which concludes that some form of extraneuronal form of dopamine was present. This suggest that DDopa can be converted to dopamine in a striatum that is devoid of dopamine nerve terminals, and that D- and L-Dopa produced a change in dopamine levels with similar efficacy. This turning behavior was at ...
... which concludes that some form of extraneuronal form of dopamine was present. This suggest that DDopa can be converted to dopamine in a striatum that is devoid of dopamine nerve terminals, and that D- and L-Dopa produced a change in dopamine levels with similar efficacy. This turning behavior was at ...
Neural Compensations After Lesion of the Cerebral
... Rehabilitative programs have been widely used for decades to treat people with cortical injury but to date, few well-controlled clinical studies document either the benefits, if any, from these programs or the conditions under which maximum benefits can be expected. Nonetheless, it is generally assu ...
... Rehabilitative programs have been widely used for decades to treat people with cortical injury but to date, few well-controlled clinical studies document either the benefits, if any, from these programs or the conditions under which maximum benefits can be expected. Nonetheless, it is generally assu ...
Slide 1
... visual areas might be preferable under other circumstances - attentional mechanisms must operate at later processing stages downstream from MT ...
... visual areas might be preferable under other circumstances - attentional mechanisms must operate at later processing stages downstream from MT ...
Learning, Reward and Decision-Making
... (but see also O’Doherty (2014) for some caveats). Accordingly, value signals have been found in a range of brain regions, including the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and ventral and dorsal striatum, as well as in a number of other brain areas such as p ...
... (but see also O’Doherty (2014) for some caveats). Accordingly, value signals have been found in a range of brain regions, including the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and ventral and dorsal striatum, as well as in a number of other brain areas such as p ...
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in
... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
XVI. COMMUNICATIONS BIOPHYSICS W. Dr. Ursula
... obstacle to its interpretation as the result of a primary discharge. It is interesting to compare, for a given subject, the psychophysical threshold with the click intensity at which a physiological respon ...
... obstacle to its interpretation as the result of a primary discharge. It is interesting to compare, for a given subject, the psychophysical threshold with the click intensity at which a physiological respon ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... 1984, 2000), risk or loss aversion (i.e., losses exert greater control over decisions compared to gains) is a pervasive human norm, i.e., individuals when making a decision are more strongly influenced by the potential of losses associated with an action than by the potential of gains. In other word ...
... 1984, 2000), risk or loss aversion (i.e., losses exert greater control over decisions compared to gains) is a pervasive human norm, i.e., individuals when making a decision are more strongly influenced by the potential of losses associated with an action than by the potential of gains. In other word ...
Circuits in Psychopharmacology
... the anatomical relationships of all the possible cuts that can be made through the brain by the various neuroimaging techniques available today. The modern psychopharmacologist should have some familiarity with the deeper structures of the brain so revealed by these techniques in order to interpret ...
... the anatomical relationships of all the possible cuts that can be made through the brain by the various neuroimaging techniques available today. The modern psychopharmacologist should have some familiarity with the deeper structures of the brain so revealed by these techniques in order to interpret ...
PPT - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Central problem in neuroscience: How the brain or neocortex codes information and how the signals are used by neuronal processes for the control of behavior “self-referencing system” “ongoing self-maintaining system” – so treating brain as an input-output system can have only limited success. Many s ...
... Central problem in neuroscience: How the brain or neocortex codes information and how the signals are used by neuronal processes for the control of behavior “self-referencing system” “ongoing self-maintaining system” – so treating brain as an input-output system can have only limited success. Many s ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... Achase activity in the medulla oblongata, pons and thalamus, without affecting the enzymes activity in the striatum, hippocampus or cerebral cortex. The present data agree with the reported heterogeneous distribution of Achase activity in different regions of the rats brain (8,9) and they also ind ...
... Achase activity in the medulla oblongata, pons and thalamus, without affecting the enzymes activity in the striatum, hippocampus or cerebral cortex. The present data agree with the reported heterogeneous distribution of Achase activity in different regions of the rats brain (8,9) and they also ind ...
Multimodality Imaging
... bring NM, encephalography, MRI, and optical techniques into a clinical and human neuroimaging reality. Much of the attention within this session deals with the major challenge to all attempts to integrate multimodality approaches arising from the realization that distinct physiological mechanisms un ...
... bring NM, encephalography, MRI, and optical techniques into a clinical and human neuroimaging reality. Much of the attention within this session deals with the major challenge to all attempts to integrate multimodality approaches arising from the realization that distinct physiological mechanisms un ...
Lesion mapping of social problem solving
... traits were measured by the NEO-PI (including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience), but treated separately from the psychometric intelligence measures. Supplementary Table 2 summarizes the employed measures of psychometric and emotional intelligenc ...
... traits were measured by the NEO-PI (including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience), but treated separately from the psychometric intelligence measures. Supplementary Table 2 summarizes the employed measures of psychometric and emotional intelligenc ...
Neurolinguistics
Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methodology and theory from fields such as neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive science, neurobiology, communication disorders, neuropsychology, and computer science. Researchers are drawn to the field from a variety of backgrounds, bringing along a variety of experimental techniques as well as widely varying theoretical perspectives. Much work in neurolinguistics is informed by models in psycholinguistics and theoretical linguistics, and is focused on investigating how the brain can implement the processes that theoretical and psycholinguistics propose are necessary in producing and comprehending language. Neurolinguists study the physiological mechanisms by which the brain processes information related to language, and evaluate linguistic and psycholinguistic theories, using aphasiology, brain imaging, electrophysiology, and computer modeling.