Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
Goals of Explaining Brain Functions Underlying Anxiety Disorders
... – Keep your cortex busy with more pleasant thoughts. Play! ...
... – Keep your cortex busy with more pleasant thoughts. Play! ...
Cicc4e_02-FINAL_PPT
... interact with their surroundings and control the body’s automatic functions? How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior? How do psychologists study the brain and how it works? What are the different structures of the hindbrain and what do they do? Wha ...
... interact with their surroundings and control the body’s automatic functions? How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior? How do psychologists study the brain and how it works? What are the different structures of the hindbrain and what do they do? Wha ...
The role of mirror neurons in speech perception and
... further, do not rule out a motor preparation or motor priming interpretation of the findings. The neuropsychological evidence is potentially more convincing. However, there are several problems with this literature. One is that mirror neurons in monkeys do not respond to pantomimed actions (Gallese ...
... further, do not rule out a motor preparation or motor priming interpretation of the findings. The neuropsychological evidence is potentially more convincing. However, there are several problems with this literature. One is that mirror neurons in monkeys do not respond to pantomimed actions (Gallese ...
Locus coeruleus - Rice CAAM Department
... nucleus is the principal site for brain synthesis of noradrenaline (or "NA", also known as norepinephrine or "NE"). It is composed of mostly medium-size neurons. Melanin granules inside the neurons of the LC contribute to its blue color. Thus, it is also known as the nucleus pigmentosus pontis, mean ...
... nucleus is the principal site for brain synthesis of noradrenaline (or "NA", also known as norepinephrine or "NE"). It is composed of mostly medium-size neurons. Melanin granules inside the neurons of the LC contribute to its blue color. Thus, it is also known as the nucleus pigmentosus pontis, mean ...
Flow-metabolism coupling in human visual, motor, and
... motor stimulations were presented simultaneously, overlapping in time with the presentation of longer-hypercapnia stimuli, which may have confounded the interpretation of the data. In addition to the CMRO2⫺CBF coupling relationship, it is also crucial to identify whether regional differences can be ...
... motor stimulations were presented simultaneously, overlapping in time with the presentation of longer-hypercapnia stimuli, which may have confounded the interpretation of the data. In addition to the CMRO2⫺CBF coupling relationship, it is also crucial to identify whether regional differences can be ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
... synapses. a | Shows an information-processing (IP) model of time perception8 implementing the scalar expectancy theory43. In the model, a dopaminergic pacemaker sends ‘pulses’ to an accumulator during the training period, and the number of pulses is stored in reference memory (which depends on the ‘ ...
... synapses. a | Shows an information-processing (IP) model of time perception8 implementing the scalar expectancy theory43. In the model, a dopaminergic pacemaker sends ‘pulses’ to an accumulator during the training period, and the number of pulses is stored in reference memory (which depends on the ‘ ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... sidelined by the rapid progress of research into the genetic control of brain development. It may, however, be worthwhile to take a second look at developmental mechanics to understand how the intricate complexity of brain shape and function can arise from a finite number of genes controlling neural ...
... sidelined by the rapid progress of research into the genetic control of brain development. It may, however, be worthwhile to take a second look at developmental mechanics to understand how the intricate complexity of brain shape and function can arise from a finite number of genes controlling neural ...
Rethinking Mammalian Brain Evolution1
... SYNOPSIS. A critical review of past and current theories of mammalian brain evolution is presented in order to discuss conceptual problems that persist in the field. Problems with the concept of homology arise because of the interaction of cell lineages and axonal connectivity in the determination o ...
... SYNOPSIS. A critical review of past and current theories of mammalian brain evolution is presented in order to discuss conceptual problems that persist in the field. Problems with the concept of homology arise because of the interaction of cell lineages and axonal connectivity in the determination o ...
Biological Rhythms: 2 Day Circadian Examples Biorhythms
... • During waking, the reticular formation arouses entire cortex. Sleep does not work this way. • GABA & adenosine promote sleep, but in a more “region by region” fashion. So there are situations where part of the brain is asleep but not the entire brain. • Drugs that increase effect of GABA (tranquil ...
... • During waking, the reticular formation arouses entire cortex. Sleep does not work this way. • GABA & adenosine promote sleep, but in a more “region by region” fashion. So there are situations where part of the brain is asleep but not the entire brain. • Drugs that increase effect of GABA (tranquil ...
Social perception from visual cues: role of the STS region
... These regions were anterior to area MT/V5, as determined by the activation produced by nonbiological motion in the same parts of the visual field. Another fMRI study found that the perception of eye gaze in static facial images activated similar portions of the STS region22 (Fig. 3). In scalp record ...
... These regions were anterior to area MT/V5, as determined by the activation produced by nonbiological motion in the same parts of the visual field. Another fMRI study found that the perception of eye gaze in static facial images activated similar portions of the STS region22 (Fig. 3). In scalp record ...
Conditioned and unconditioned regulation of human activity
... of development of a conditioned reflex very high. But for formation of a conditioned reflex still it is necessary, that the brain cortex be in an active, awake condition. For development of a conditioned reflex the important value has optimum force of irritant, which may become conditional irritan ...
... of development of a conditioned reflex very high. But for formation of a conditioned reflex still it is necessary, that the brain cortex be in an active, awake condition. For development of a conditioned reflex the important value has optimum force of irritant, which may become conditional irritan ...
Kandel and Schwartz, 4th Edition Principles of Neural Science Chap
... several connected areas of the cortex—where they cause certain populations of cells to discharge. Initially, sensory information is processed in a series of relays, each of which involves more complex information processing than the preceding relay. Sensory fibers project in an orderly pattern from ...
... several connected areas of the cortex—where they cause certain populations of cells to discharge. Initially, sensory information is processed in a series of relays, each of which involves more complex information processing than the preceding relay. Sensory fibers project in an orderly pattern from ...
Dynamic relationships between age, beta
... ß The Author (2016). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected] ...
... ß The Author (2016). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected] ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... Why Sleep? Why REM? Why Dreams? • Research is inconclusive regarding the exact functions of REM. • During REM: – The brain may discard useless connections – Learned motor skills may be consolidated. • Maurice (1998) suggests the function of REM is simply to shake the eyeballs back and forth to prov ...
... Why Sleep? Why REM? Why Dreams? • Research is inconclusive regarding the exact functions of REM. • During REM: – The brain may discard useless connections – Learned motor skills may be consolidated. • Maurice (1998) suggests the function of REM is simply to shake the eyeballs back and forth to prov ...
The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and
... While there have been many investigations of the neural representations of pain (Hunt, under review), there have been fewer investigations of the representation of pleasant touch in the brain. In one study, the cortical areas that represent affectively positive and negative aspects of touch were inv ...
... While there have been many investigations of the neural representations of pain (Hunt, under review), there have been fewer investigations of the representation of pleasant touch in the brain. In one study, the cortical areas that represent affectively positive and negative aspects of touch were inv ...
Scrambling and Processing: Dependencies
... grammar. What distinguishes one syntactic theory from another is which the linguistic grounds it uses to argue for a particular structural representation. Often, theories compete with each other over long periods of time because linguistic methods do not strongly favor one theory over the other. One ...
... grammar. What distinguishes one syntactic theory from another is which the linguistic grounds it uses to argue for a particular structural representation. Often, theories compete with each other over long periods of time because linguistic methods do not strongly favor one theory over the other. One ...
Widespread brain activity during an abdominal task markedly
... muscles in some patients with chronic low back pain. Further research should clarify this issue. The current results need to be verified in a clinical trial. Nonetheless, the current data from a single patient with chronic disabling low back pain show that pain physiology education leads to a marked ...
... muscles in some patients with chronic low back pain. Further research should clarify this issue. The current results need to be verified in a clinical trial. Nonetheless, the current data from a single patient with chronic disabling low back pain show that pain physiology education leads to a marked ...
Glossary - Baars and Gage
... Broca’s area (BRO-kas AIR-ee-a): The left inferior frontal gyrus, or its posterior segment, reported by Pierre-Paul Broca in 1861 to be responsible for the deficit of a patient who could not speak, but had preserved speech understanding. Other functions have since been attributed to Broca’s area. Se ...
... Broca’s area (BRO-kas AIR-ee-a): The left inferior frontal gyrus, or its posterior segment, reported by Pierre-Paul Broca in 1861 to be responsible for the deficit of a patient who could not speak, but had preserved speech understanding. Other functions have since been attributed to Broca’s area. Se ...
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations
... perception system, including the occipital and fusiform face areas and the posterior superior temporal sulcus. In fMRI studies, the fusiform face area (FFA) and, more generally, the fusiform gyri, were found to have bilaterally greater responses to untrustworthy and trustworthy faces (Said et al., 2 ...
... perception system, including the occipital and fusiform face areas and the posterior superior temporal sulcus. In fMRI studies, the fusiform face area (FFA) and, more generally, the fusiform gyri, were found to have bilaterally greater responses to untrustworthy and trustworthy faces (Said et al., 2 ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... The BOLD signal showed a gradual increase in amplitude with increasing rate of stimulation for both periodic and Poisson stimulation, with a greater increase in overall amplitude for Poisson stimuli at all frequencies (Fig. 4A), confirmed as statistically significant by a reliable main effect of sti ...
... The BOLD signal showed a gradual increase in amplitude with increasing rate of stimulation for both periodic and Poisson stimulation, with a greater increase in overall amplitude for Poisson stimuli at all frequencies (Fig. 4A), confirmed as statistically significant by a reliable main effect of sti ...
Cetacean Brain Evolution: Dwarf Sperm Whale (Kogia sima) and
... In the giant sperm whale, the cerebellum and pons grow more slowly than in most smaller toothed whales and the pyramidal tract develops poorly whereas there is marked growth of the striatum and the inferior olivary complex [Oelschläger and Kemp, 1998]. In the early fetal period, the trigeminal, coch ...
... In the giant sperm whale, the cerebellum and pons grow more slowly than in most smaller toothed whales and the pyramidal tract develops poorly whereas there is marked growth of the striatum and the inferior olivary complex [Oelschläger and Kemp, 1998]. In the early fetal period, the trigeminal, coch ...
Spatial and temporal correlation between neuron neuronopathic Gaucher disease
... Microglial activation and astrogliosis are spatially and temporally correlated To determine the time course of neuropathological changes in nGD, we used a mouse model in which GlcCerase deficiency is restricted to neurons and macroglia, with normal GlcCerase activity in microglia (the Gbaflox/flox; ...
... Microglial activation and astrogliosis are spatially and temporally correlated To determine the time course of neuropathological changes in nGD, we used a mouse model in which GlcCerase deficiency is restricted to neurons and macroglia, with normal GlcCerase activity in microglia (the Gbaflox/flox; ...
Article
... events are fundamental to sensory processing. However, the mechanisms by which the brain measures time over ranges of milliseconds to seconds remain unclear. The dominant model of temporal processing proposes that an oscillator emits events that are integrated to provide a linear metric of time. We ...
... events are fundamental to sensory processing. However, the mechanisms by which the brain measures time over ranges of milliseconds to seconds remain unclear. The dominant model of temporal processing proposes that an oscillator emits events that are integrated to provide a linear metric of time. We ...
Neurolinguistics
Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methodology and theory from fields such as neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive science, neurobiology, communication disorders, neuropsychology, and computer science. Researchers are drawn to the field from a variety of backgrounds, bringing along a variety of experimental techniques as well as widely varying theoretical perspectives. Much work in neurolinguistics is informed by models in psycholinguistics and theoretical linguistics, and is focused on investigating how the brain can implement the processes that theoretical and psycholinguistics propose are necessary in producing and comprehending language. Neurolinguists study the physiological mechanisms by which the brain processes information related to language, and evaluate linguistic and psycholinguistic theories, using aphasiology, brain imaging, electrophysiology, and computer modeling.