A Neural Circuit Basis for Spatial Working Memory
... scale of seconds is a critical component of cognitive functions such as language, abstract thought, planning and most of the mental processes we associate with human intelligence. Working memory, as this critical function is known, can be thought of as a blackboard of the mind (Baddeley 1992). Becau ...
... scale of seconds is a critical component of cognitive functions such as language, abstract thought, planning and most of the mental processes we associate with human intelligence. Working memory, as this critical function is known, can be thought of as a blackboard of the mind (Baddeley 1992). Becau ...
INTRAANALYZER CONDITIONED REFLEX PROPERTIES OF TWO
... of the electrocutaneous reinforcement did not occur on three successive presentations of the auditory signal. Neuronal pairs without any dependent relations, in this case, were entirely absent. The number of neuronal pairs with one-way connections remained practically unchanged. If we take the func ...
... of the electrocutaneous reinforcement did not occur on three successive presentations of the auditory signal. Neuronal pairs without any dependent relations, in this case, were entirely absent. The number of neuronal pairs with one-way connections remained practically unchanged. If we take the func ...
Fractionating Human Intelligence
... Neuroimaging has the potential to provide additional constraint to behavioral factor models by leveraging the spatial segregation of functional brain networks. For example, if one homogeneous system supports all intelligence processes, then a common network of brain regions should be recruited whene ...
... Neuroimaging has the potential to provide additional constraint to behavioral factor models by leveraging the spatial segregation of functional brain networks. For example, if one homogeneous system supports all intelligence processes, then a common network of brain regions should be recruited whene ...
Between-Task Competition and Cognitive Control in Task Switching
... task-selective activity during the localizer scans. To identify these regions for each subject, we modeled the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the localizer scans using a general linear model (GLM) with separate regressors for face task trials, word task trials, task instructions, an ...
... task-selective activity during the localizer scans. To identify these regions for each subject, we modeled the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the localizer scans using a general linear model (GLM) with separate regressors for face task trials, word task trials, task instructions, an ...
Calculating Consequences - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... outcomes (Elliott et al., 1997; O’Doherty et al., 2001; Knutson et al., 2003), there was no significant correlation between the overall reward rate and activity in this area (R 2 ⫽ 0.053; p ⫽ 0.62) (Fig. 3E), ruling that out as a potential explanation for our results. These findings suggest, therefo ...
... outcomes (Elliott et al., 1997; O’Doherty et al., 2001; Knutson et al., 2003), there was no significant correlation between the overall reward rate and activity in this area (R 2 ⫽ 0.053; p ⫽ 0.62) (Fig. 3E), ruling that out as a potential explanation for our results. These findings suggest, therefo ...
cerebellum student copy 2010
... The Neocerebellar Cortex projects ( sends its efferents ) to the Dentate Nucleus & from there to the Ventrolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus . Projections of Spinocerebellar Cortex : The medial part of the Spinocerebellum ( Vermis ) projects to the Fastigial Nuclei & from there to the brainstem . ...
... The Neocerebellar Cortex projects ( sends its efferents ) to the Dentate Nucleus & from there to the Ventrolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus . Projections of Spinocerebellar Cortex : The medial part of the Spinocerebellum ( Vermis ) projects to the Fastigial Nuclei & from there to the brainstem . ...
Resilient outcome - Anna Freud Centre
... of personally experienced events and plays a central role in scaffolding our sense of self. ...
... of personally experienced events and plays a central role in scaffolding our sense of self. ...
Differential roles of delay-period neural activity in the monkey
... preparatory-set cell; its discharge tends to increase as the time for an expected behavioral response of a WM task approaches. These two types of cells may participate in two complementary processes: Sensory-coupled cells hold information of stimuli, and preparatory-set cells prepare for action in r ...
... preparatory-set cell; its discharge tends to increase as the time for an expected behavioral response of a WM task approaches. These two types of cells may participate in two complementary processes: Sensory-coupled cells hold information of stimuli, and preparatory-set cells prepare for action in r ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... preceding history of firing. We studied the time course of auditory adaptation in primary auditory cortex (A1) from awake, freely moving rats. Two identical stimuli were delivered with different intervals ranging from 50 ms to 8 s. Single neuron recordings in the awake animal revealed that the respo ...
... preceding history of firing. We studied the time course of auditory adaptation in primary auditory cortex (A1) from awake, freely moving rats. Two identical stimuli were delivered with different intervals ranging from 50 ms to 8 s. Single neuron recordings in the awake animal revealed that the respo ...
Brain regions associated with moment-to
... to feedback that occur quickly on relatively short timescales. This contrasts with idea that lateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsal regions in particular, support the active maintenance of task-relevant information (Miller and Cohen, 2001), such as attention-guiding rules (MacDonald et al., 2000) by ...
... to feedback that occur quickly on relatively short timescales. This contrasts with idea that lateral prefrontal cortex, and dorsal regions in particular, support the active maintenance of task-relevant information (Miller and Cohen, 2001), such as attention-guiding rules (MacDonald et al., 2000) by ...
Implications of Altered Brain Ganglioside Profiles in Amyotrophic
... motor cortex, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus cortex, showed abmo~malganglioside profiles. Two types of abmrma1 patterns were detected. One, present in 14 'of the ALS brains, had reduced proportions of GQlb, GTlb, and GDlb, and elevated proportions of GM2 and GD3 (Fig. 1) ...
... motor cortex, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus cortex, showed abmo~malganglioside profiles. Two types of abmrma1 patterns were detected. One, present in 14 'of the ALS brains, had reduced proportions of GQlb, GTlb, and GDlb, and elevated proportions of GM2 and GD3 (Fig. 1) ...
BRAINSTEM Comprised of 4 components: • Grey matter = cranial
... Comprised of 4 components: Grey matter = cranial nerves and nuclei (one nerve can have many nuclei) Suprasegmental nuclei – motor/sensory functions or relays to cerebellum White matter = fiber tracts Reticular formation – interneurons integration 4 major levels of the brainstem: Caudal m ...
... Comprised of 4 components: Grey matter = cranial nerves and nuclei (one nerve can have many nuclei) Suprasegmental nuclei – motor/sensory functions or relays to cerebellum White matter = fiber tracts Reticular formation – interneurons integration 4 major levels of the brainstem: Caudal m ...
The Science of Psychology
... • Wernicke’s aphasia - condition resulting from damage to Wernicke’s area (usually in left temporal lobe), causing the affected person to be unable to understand or produce meaningful language. • Spatial neglect - condition produced by damage to the association areas of the right hemisphere resultin ...
... • Wernicke’s aphasia - condition resulting from damage to Wernicke’s area (usually in left temporal lobe), causing the affected person to be unable to understand or produce meaningful language. • Spatial neglect - condition produced by damage to the association areas of the right hemisphere resultin ...
Preparation for action: one of the key functions of motor cortex.
... types of information, select the appropriate (motor) response, and then output the information necessary for initiating the response to particular brain areas. It is also needed to suppress unnecessary output to inappropriate brain areas and inhibit inappropriate actions in order to perform spatiall ...
... types of information, select the appropriate (motor) response, and then output the information necessary for initiating the response to particular brain areas. It is also needed to suppress unnecessary output to inappropriate brain areas and inhibit inappropriate actions in order to perform spatiall ...
Cranial Nerve II - Maryville University
... primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. Posterior to the primary auditory cortex lies the auditory association cortex (Wernicke’s area), essential for understanding spoken language. ...
... primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. Posterior to the primary auditory cortex lies the auditory association cortex (Wernicke’s area), essential for understanding spoken language. ...
PINP: A New Method of Tagging Neuronal Populations
... with secondary red fluorescent antibody (Figure 2C). Figure 2D shows a typical example in which of 92 YFP positive cells observed, PV staining was co-localized in 89 (97% of cells). Thus using ChR2-YFP as a marker for PV expression, the false positive rate was only 3% (i.e. only 3% of ChR2-YFP expre ...
... with secondary red fluorescent antibody (Figure 2C). Figure 2D shows a typical example in which of 92 YFP positive cells observed, PV staining was co-localized in 89 (97% of cells). Thus using ChR2-YFP as a marker for PV expression, the false positive rate was only 3% (i.e. only 3% of ChR2-YFP expre ...
Mirror neurons and the social nature of language
... sufficient to provide an understanding of the observed act must be questioned. Without reference to the observer’s internal motor knowledge, this description is devoid of experiential meaning for the observing individual. Furthermore, the activation of mirror neurons in the experiment by Umiltà et ...
... sufficient to provide an understanding of the observed act must be questioned. Without reference to the observer’s internal motor knowledge, this description is devoid of experiential meaning for the observing individual. Furthermore, the activation of mirror neurons in the experiment by Umiltà et ...
Hyperfrontality and hypoconnectivity during refreshing in
... lying in the scanner viewed the computer screen through MR-compatible video goggles (VisuaStim XGA, Resonance Technology Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA). The sequence of each trial was strictly the same as in the Raye et al. (2002) study (see Fig. 1). Each trial was 12 s long. Participants silently read ...
... lying in the scanner viewed the computer screen through MR-compatible video goggles (VisuaStim XGA, Resonance Technology Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA). The sequence of each trial was strictly the same as in the Raye et al. (2002) study (see Fig. 1). Each trial was 12 s long. Participants silently read ...
Abstract
... those directing the generation and migration of different populations of cortical neurons. However, similar largescale unbiased studies have yet to be developed to study the formation of the major axonal tracts that wire the cerebral cortex. ...
... those directing the generation and migration of different populations of cortical neurons. However, similar largescale unbiased studies have yet to be developed to study the formation of the major axonal tracts that wire the cerebral cortex. ...
Diencephalon: Thalamus
... posterior to the postcentral gyrus Lateral dorsal nucleus (LD): to region of precuneus •afferents: hippocampus (limbic system) •efferents to the cingulate gyrus for emotion and behavior functions Lateral posterior nucleus (LP): to superior parietal lobule •afferents from the superior colliculus •eff ...
... posterior to the postcentral gyrus Lateral dorsal nucleus (LD): to region of precuneus •afferents: hippocampus (limbic system) •efferents to the cingulate gyrus for emotion and behavior functions Lateral posterior nucleus (LP): to superior parietal lobule •afferents from the superior colliculus •eff ...
Memory Dysfunction - New England Journal of Medicine
... impairment is commonly seen by physicians in multiple disciplines including neurology, psychiatry, medicine, and surgery. Memory loss is often the most disabling feature of many disorders, impairing the normal daily activities of the patients and profoundly affecting their families. Some perceptions ...
... impairment is commonly seen by physicians in multiple disciplines including neurology, psychiatry, medicine, and surgery. Memory loss is often the most disabling feature of many disorders, impairing the normal daily activities of the patients and profoundly affecting their families. Some perceptions ...
Nouns, verbs, objects, actions, and abstractions
... word corpus on a range of semantic variables. These covered aspects of sensorimotor features, such as imageability, concreteness, visual-relatedness, form-relatedness, colour-relatedness and action-relatedness, and affective-emotional features such as arousal and valence (Bradley & Lang, 1994; Osgoo ...
... word corpus on a range of semantic variables. These covered aspects of sensorimotor features, such as imageability, concreteness, visual-relatedness, form-relatedness, colour-relatedness and action-relatedness, and affective-emotional features such as arousal and valence (Bradley & Lang, 1994; Osgoo ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...