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... learning, language, empathy, theory of mind, and even self-awareness. Equally important is the need to find ways to arrest its increasing prevalence and to ameliorate its symptoms. In this review, we highlight neurofeedback studies as viable treatment options for highfunctioning as well as low-funct ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons

... is the so-called correspondence problem (Nehaniv & Dautenhahn 2002). This problem can be summarized with the question: how is the sensory input from somebody else’s action transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framework of action, the correspondence problem of i ...
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying

... sneeze upon sudden exposure of a dark-adapted subject to intensive bright light [3]. Usually, photic sneezing is evoked by sunlight, but Sedan [4] argues that artificial light, such as the light of an ophthalmoscope, photographic flash, or ultraviolet light, should also cause a sneeze. The photic sn ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons

... is the so-called correspondence problem (Nehaniv & Dautenhahn 2002). This problem can be summarized with the question: how is the sensory input from somebody else’s action transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framework of action, the correspondence problem of i ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons

... is the so-called correspondence problem (Nehaniv & Dautenhahn 2002). This problem can be summarized with the question: how is the sensory input from somebody else’s action transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framework of action, the correspondence problem of i ...
The Effect of Movement Rate and Complexity on
The Effect of Movement Rate and Complexity on

... movement rate and task complexity. This conclusion is supported by the observations of Wexler et al. who compared brain activation patterns during repetitive movements of the same finger and sequential movements of different fingers (Wexler et al., 1997). They found that the contralateral PMA and SM ...
Exploration of Variability of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Projections
Exploration of Variability of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Projections

... To enable the rabies virus to bind to the Cre-expressing target neurons, a helper virus is injected into the mouse brain. The helper virus will bind to Cre positive cells and transfer their genome so that Cre positive cells exclusively express an avian-specific retroviral receptor (TVA) and G. TVA i ...
Dopamine D, Receptors in the Rat Brain
Dopamine D, Receptors in the Rat Brain

... After the washing period, tissues were dried with cold air, and autoradiograms were generated by apposing the labeled tissue to ‘H-Ultrofilm (LKB, Sweden) as described by Unnerstall et al. (1982). Exposure period was 60 d at 4°C. Brain gray and white matter standards containing known amounts of a no ...
Neural Correlates of First-Person Perspective as One Constituent of
Neural Correlates of First-Person Perspective as One Constituent of

... difference is that 3PP necessitates an additional translocation of the egocentric viewpoint from 1PP to 3PP. To date, it remains unclear which neural mechanisms are associated with the ability to differentiate between mental processes ‘‘belonging’’ to either oneself or to another person. In the pres ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical

... immunohistochemistry were stained histologically by the Nissl method using cresyl violet. ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating

... activity within this ascending brain stem activating system may account for wakefulness, while reduction of its activity either naturally, by barbiturates, or by experimental injury and disease, may respectively precipitate normal sleep, contribute to anesthesis or produce pathological somnolence." ...
Read Article - University of Northern Colorado
Read Article - University of Northern Colorado

... [e.g., [20-22]]. Third, they are susceptible to rater judgments, which necessarily introduce inter-rater, and therefore intra- and inter-laboratory error variance into the comparisons. Individual laboratories develop highly reliable protocols for such boundary determination, but these protocols are ...
Motor Cognition and Mental Simulation
Motor Cognition and Mental Simulation

... What’s going on is that imagining the actions of another person, even a fictional other person, and taking that person’s perspective of events recruit some of the same mental processing and activate some of the same neural networks as would be activated if you really were experiencing the imagined s ...
The retrieval of perceptual memory details depends on right
The retrieval of perceptual memory details depends on right

... the perceptually rich film clip condition. In individuals with mTLE tested previously on the behavioral version of this paradigm, we observed that perceptual memory content was reduced disproportionally, especially in the perceptually rich film clip condition (St-Laurent et al., 2014). In fact, perc ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics

... are presented with target stimuli of specific criterion durations (8 s or 21 s in this example), and test trials, in which participants are asked to reproduce the criterion interval. In test trials the responses typically distribute normally around the criterion interval with a width that is proport ...
Structure of the Nervous System
Structure of the Nervous System

... Copyright 2002 Michael A. Bozarth with portions copyright 2001 by Allyn & Bacon ...
File
File

... 41) You start to fall but then catch yourself, regaining your balance. Which of the following brain regions is responsible for the rapid coordination of muscle activity that kept you from falling? A) motor cortex B) thalamus C) cerebellum D) pons Answer: C Topic: 28.14 Skill: Application/Analysis 4 ...
File
File

... 41) You start to fall but then catch yourself, regaining your balance. Which of the following brain regions is responsible for the rapid coordination of muscle activity that kept you from falling? A) motor cortex B) thalamus C) cerebellum D) pons Answer: C Topic: 28.14 Skill: Application/Analysis 4 ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a

... Excessive excitation or loss of inhibitory neurotransmission has been closely related to epileptic activity. Somatostatin (SST) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) are members of endogenous neuropeptides which are recognized as important modulator of classical neurotransmitter, distributed abundantly in mammal ...
Atonia-Related Regions in the Rodent Pons and Medulla
Atonia-Related Regions in the Rodent Pons and Medulla

... rodent pons and medulla. J Neurophysiol 84: 1942–1948, 2000. Electrical stimulation of circumscribed areas of the pontine and medullary reticular formation inhibits muscle tone in cats. In this report, we present an analysis of the anatomical distribution of atonia-inducing stimulation sites in the ...
BRAIN DYNAMICS AT MULTIPLE SCALES: CAN ONE RECONCILE
BRAIN DYNAMICS AT MULTIPLE SCALES: CAN ONE RECONCILE

... pathological states like epilepsy, correlation dimension measurements display low values, while in awake and attentive subjects, there is no such low dimensionality, and the EEG is more similar to a stochastic variable. We briefly review these results and contrast them with recordings in cat cerebral ...
Presentation
Presentation

... What fraction of regenerated serotonin axons survive long-term and do they attain normal morphology and spatial distribution? ~90% of the regenerated axons survive for 6 months after PCA treatment: They survive at the same rate as uninjured serotonin axons. Furthermore, their distribution and shape ...
Diagnostic History of Traumatic Axonal Injury in Patients with
Diagnostic History of Traumatic Axonal Injury in Patients with

... Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ORCID Sung Ho Jang http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6383-5505 Funding This work wa ...
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human

... has been speculation about the developmental emergence of human perceptual-cognitive asymmetries. The basic question has been: Do the asymmetries first appear only at some point after birth, starting from an initial state of bilateral equivalence or symmetry at birth, or are the hemispheres instead ...
Representation in the Human Brain of Food Texture and Oral Fat
Representation in the Human Brain of Food Texture and Oral Fat

... (E. T. Rolls, M. Kadohisa, and J. V. Verhagen, unpublished observations). In the primate secondary taste cortex within the orbitofrontal cortex, some neurons respond to the viscosity of food, to taste, or to both viscosity and taste (Rolls et al., 2003b). Moreover, there is a separate representation ...
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Brain Rules

Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thriving at Work, Home, and School was written by John Medina, a developmental molecular biologist and research consultant. Brain Rules consists of 12 chapters which try to demonstrate how our brains work. Each chapter demonstrates things scientists already know about the brain, and things we as people do that can affect how our brain will develop. In this book the reader will also discover amazing facts about the brain — such as the brain's need for physical activity for it to work at its maximum potential.
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