Cognitive Informatics Models of the Brain
... memory. The after-image memory is considered a relatively narrow concept because there are other sensorial inputs to the memory, such as hearing and touch. Thus, the after-image memory was gradually replaced by the concept of sensory memory. Contemporary theories on memory classification [1], [3] can ...
... memory. The after-image memory is considered a relatively narrow concept because there are other sensorial inputs to the memory, such as hearing and touch. Thus, the after-image memory was gradually replaced by the concept of sensory memory. Contemporary theories on memory classification [1], [3] can ...
Chapter 6 — Gross Anatomy of the Brain
... myelinated fiber tract that forms an anatomical and functional connection between the right and left hemispheres. The surface few millimeters of the cerebral hemisphere are composed of a highly folded collection of gray matter, known as the cerebral cortex. This folding increases the surface area an ...
... myelinated fiber tract that forms an anatomical and functional connection between the right and left hemispheres. The surface few millimeters of the cerebral hemisphere are composed of a highly folded collection of gray matter, known as the cerebral cortex. This folding increases the surface area an ...
The nervous tissue is made up of
... neurons called nuclei, which contain the cell bodies of cranial nerve fibres as well as noncranial nerve fibres. • The nuclei of the brainstem are implicated in the control of all the vital functions of the body such as respiration, cardiac functions, swallowing and vomiting. • Special sensory funct ...
... neurons called nuclei, which contain the cell bodies of cranial nerve fibres as well as noncranial nerve fibres. • The nuclei of the brainstem are implicated in the control of all the vital functions of the body such as respiration, cardiac functions, swallowing and vomiting. • Special sensory funct ...
issues and problems in brain magnetic resonance imaging
... largely characterize disease. For instance, changes in sulcal cerebrospinal fluid volume have been related to the neuro-degeneration hypothesis in schizophrenia. Measures of the amounts of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as their spatial distribution, have bee ...
... largely characterize disease. For instance, changes in sulcal cerebrospinal fluid volume have been related to the neuro-degeneration hypothesis in schizophrenia. Measures of the amounts of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as their spatial distribution, have bee ...
94. Hippocampus
... Of the layers of the hippocampus, there are 3 layers, which are well recognizable even in hematoxyline-eosine stained specimens. First is the alveus hippocampi, which is formed by the efferens axons of the hippocampus. Gradually emerging from the hippocampus these axons also form the fimbria and the ...
... Of the layers of the hippocampus, there are 3 layers, which are well recognizable even in hematoxyline-eosine stained specimens. First is the alveus hippocampi, which is formed by the efferens axons of the hippocampus. Gradually emerging from the hippocampus these axons also form the fimbria and the ...
Lesson 1 - SEL at Meigs
... stronger cell connections each time you repeat a thought or action. To do this, we will be building our own neuron models out of food! You will be given four different types of food so that each food item can be used for a different part of the neuron. Facilitator discusses diagram: Say: The dia ...
... stronger cell connections each time you repeat a thought or action. To do this, we will be building our own neuron models out of food! You will be given four different types of food so that each food item can be used for a different part of the neuron. Facilitator discusses diagram: Say: The dia ...
Physiology Ch 55 p667-678 [4-25
... -premotor cortex first makes motor image of total muscle movement and sends signal to primary motor cortex or to basal ganglia thalamus primary motor cortex -special class of neurons called mirror neurons are active when person performs specific motor task or when he/she observes same task perfo ...
... -premotor cortex first makes motor image of total muscle movement and sends signal to primary motor cortex or to basal ganglia thalamus primary motor cortex -special class of neurons called mirror neurons are active when person performs specific motor task or when he/she observes same task perfo ...
31 - UCL
... attention-related modulation). Areas differ in the degree to which these criteria have been explored. V1 (primary visual cortex) and MT (middle temporal area) are distinct, well-studied areas in primates that are convergently identified by many of these criteria. Other areas--e.g., in inferotemporal ...
... attention-related modulation). Areas differ in the degree to which these criteria have been explored. V1 (primary visual cortex) and MT (middle temporal area) are distinct, well-studied areas in primates that are convergently identified by many of these criteria. Other areas--e.g., in inferotemporal ...
fMRI - Rackcdn.com
... traverse the centrum semi ovale to the corona radiata. The tracts continue through the posterior limb of the internal capsule They then continue caudally via the cerebellar peduncles (midbrain) and basilar pons Finally the fibers enter the medullary pyramids, and then decussate to become the lateral ...
... traverse the centrum semi ovale to the corona radiata. The tracts continue through the posterior limb of the internal capsule They then continue caudally via the cerebellar peduncles (midbrain) and basilar pons Finally the fibers enter the medullary pyramids, and then decussate to become the lateral ...
feature analyzers in the brain
... adaptive motor response model specific responses of feature detector neurons behavioral experiments anatomical analyses of brain structures physiological analyses of PT & OT neurons initial concept incorrect... response not from single aspect of stimulus configuration of stimuli... s ...
... adaptive motor response model specific responses of feature detector neurons behavioral experiments anatomical analyses of brain structures physiological analyses of PT & OT neurons initial concept incorrect... response not from single aspect of stimulus configuration of stimuli... s ...
Chapter 2: The Biological Basis of Behavior
... A teacher grading papers opens the door of the room in which she has been working and becomes aware of loud rock music coming from her son's radio. When she asks him to turn it off, he asks why she is just noticing it now when he's had it on for over 20 minutes. Which of the following psychological ...
... A teacher grading papers opens the door of the room in which she has been working and becomes aware of loud rock music coming from her son's radio. When she asks him to turn it off, he asks why she is just noticing it now when he's had it on for over 20 minutes. Which of the following psychological ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... composed of small irregular gyri without intervening sulci or with intervening sulci obliterated and bridged by fusion of their superficial cellular layers (particularly the molecular one). Occasionally, polymicrogyria may have many small or widened gyri separated by shallow sulci (microsulci) (1). ...
... composed of small irregular gyri without intervening sulci or with intervening sulci obliterated and bridged by fusion of their superficial cellular layers (particularly the molecular one). Occasionally, polymicrogyria may have many small or widened gyri separated by shallow sulci (microsulci) (1). ...
Di (n)-Butyl Phthalate Induced Neuronal Perturbations in Rat Brain
... multigenerational exposure to DBP caused disturbance elicited neuro-pathological changes within the CNS, generating heterogeneous injury and reactive alteration within both axons and neuronal somata in the same domains. In brief, these perturbations of neuronal structure and function are likely to c ...
... multigenerational exposure to DBP caused disturbance elicited neuro-pathological changes within the CNS, generating heterogeneous injury and reactive alteration within both axons and neuronal somata in the same domains. In brief, these perturbations of neuronal structure and function are likely to c ...
Document
... Another feature of the retina is the optic disk, where the axons conveying visual information gather together and leave the eye through the optic nerve. The optic disk produces a blind spot because no receptors are located there. ...
... Another feature of the retina is the optic disk, where the axons conveying visual information gather together and leave the eye through the optic nerve. The optic disk produces a blind spot because no receptors are located there. ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.