A Glossary
... individual memory-related tasks. Memory can be categorized into two distinct types, each with its own corresponding brain areas. Memory about people, places, and things—that one has experienced directly or otherwise learned about—is referred to as explicit or declarative memory and seems to be cente ...
... individual memory-related tasks. Memory can be categorized into two distinct types, each with its own corresponding brain areas. Memory about people, places, and things—that one has experienced directly or otherwise learned about—is referred to as explicit or declarative memory and seems to be cente ...
T A BOLD window into brain waves
... ones (1, 2). The BOLD signal underlying functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) also exhibits spontaneous fluctuations at the timescale of tens of seconds (infraslow, ⬍0.1 Hz), which occurs at all times, during task-performance as well as during quiet wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep ...
... ones (1, 2). The BOLD signal underlying functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) also exhibits spontaneous fluctuations at the timescale of tens of seconds (infraslow, ⬍0.1 Hz), which occurs at all times, during task-performance as well as during quiet wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep ...
Chapter 28
... a structure known as the cerebellum. • It controls balance, posture, and muscular coordination. • It is best developed in birds to control the complicated balance and coordination associated with flight. ...
... a structure known as the cerebellum. • It controls balance, posture, and muscular coordination. • It is best developed in birds to control the complicated balance and coordination associated with flight. ...
Modeling and Detecting Deep Brain Activity with MEG
... substructures of the hippocampus e.g. the granular neural cells in the dentate gyrus. Surfacic current dipole moment density for hippocampus was found considerably larger than that of the cortex (σh = 1 nAm.mm−2 ). Therefore, though being located deeper into the brain, we speculate that a greater cu ...
... substructures of the hippocampus e.g. the granular neural cells in the dentate gyrus. Surfacic current dipole moment density for hippocampus was found considerably larger than that of the cortex (σh = 1 nAm.mm−2 ). Therefore, though being located deeper into the brain, we speculate that a greater cu ...
2015 Paget Lecture transcript Four stories about the brain
... system works. And to do it by telling four little stories about pieces of research, two of which I’ve been involved in, my lab has been involved in, two of which I haven’t worked in but I think there are some interesting conclusions that come from these four little stories. This is a view of the hum ...
... system works. And to do it by telling four little stories about pieces of research, two of which I’ve been involved in, my lab has been involved in, two of which I haven’t worked in but I think there are some interesting conclusions that come from these four little stories. This is a view of the hum ...
凌树才_边缘系统
... Paul Broca (1824-1880): a French physician, surgeon,anatomist, and anthropologist. He is best known for his research on Broca's area, a region of the frontal lobe that has been named after him. The term “le grand lobe limbique” （边缘叶）was first used by Broca in 1878. ...
... Paul Broca (1824-1880): a French physician, surgeon,anatomist, and anthropologist. He is best known for his research on Broca's area, a region of the frontal lobe that has been named after him. The term “le grand lobe limbique” （边缘叶）was first used by Broca in 1878. ...
Outline for CNS, PNS, and ANS
... transverse fissure – divides cerebrum from cerebellum J. lateral sulcus – divides parietal lobe from temporal lobe K. central sulcus – divides parietal lobe from frontal lobe L. parieto-occipital sulcus – divides parietal lobe from occipital lobe M. precentral gyrus – convolution anterior to central ...
... transverse fissure – divides cerebrum from cerebellum J. lateral sulcus – divides parietal lobe from temporal lobe K. central sulcus – divides parietal lobe from frontal lobe L. parieto-occipital sulcus – divides parietal lobe from occipital lobe M. precentral gyrus – convolution anterior to central ...
Chapter 14 Lecture Outline
... Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid • Ventricles—four internal chambers within brain – Two lateral ventricles: one in each cerebral hemisphere • Interventricular foramen—tiny pore that connects to third ...
... Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid • Ventricles—four internal chambers within brain – Two lateral ventricles: one in each cerebral hemisphere • Interventricular foramen—tiny pore that connects to third ...
The biological approach
... Each of these lobes has specific parts which are specialised for different functions, as identified above. Each of these lobes of the cortex can be divided into two areas, as follows: 1 Primary areas. These process incoming sensory information from our different senses. The occipital or visual corte ...
... Each of these lobes has specific parts which are specialised for different functions, as identified above. Each of these lobes of the cortex can be divided into two areas, as follows: 1 Primary areas. These process incoming sensory information from our different senses. The occipital or visual corte ...
Laboratory Exercise 11: Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain
... Medulla oblongata - the most inferior part of the brain, connects brain to spinal cord. Function: It is a control center for vital reflexes through the autonomic nervous system (ANS). For example it regulates heart rate, blood pressure and breathing. Cerebellum - subdivided into two hemispheres. It ...
... Medulla oblongata - the most inferior part of the brain, connects brain to spinal cord. Function: It is a control center for vital reflexes through the autonomic nervous system (ANS). For example it regulates heart rate, blood pressure and breathing. Cerebellum - subdivided into two hemispheres. It ...
Chapter 6
... Channels sensory information pain, taste, temperature, audition, vision Integrates sensorimotor information From Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Cortex Regulates function of association cortex and cortically mediated speech, language, and cognitive functions. ...
... Channels sensory information pain, taste, temperature, audition, vision Integrates sensorimotor information From Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Cortex Regulates function of association cortex and cortically mediated speech, language, and cognitive functions. ...
On the nature of the BOLD fMRI contrast mechanism
... microelectrodes. A great deal has been learned since then, and the single-electrode single-unit recording technique still remains the method of choice in many behavioral experiments with conscious animals. However, it also has the drawback of providing information mainly on single RFs, with no acces ...
... microelectrodes. A great deal has been learned since then, and the single-electrode single-unit recording technique still remains the method of choice in many behavioral experiments with conscious animals. However, it also has the drawback of providing information mainly on single RFs, with no acces ...
The Nervous System - ESC-2
... – dendrite – carries impulses to the cell body. A neuron can have lots of dendrites. – axon – carries impulses away from the cell body. A neuron only has one axon. ...
... – dendrite – carries impulses to the cell body. A neuron can have lots of dendrites. – axon – carries impulses away from the cell body. A neuron only has one axon. ...
Computational Intelligence in a Human Brain Model
... built as a cybernetic model. Interfacing with voice, image, signals and sensors assure connections with the environment. Outputs are reflected in static or physical equilibrium, speech and movements, all reflecting the mobile intelligent actions. Now, the Internet of Things (IoT) is the new trends i ...
... built as a cybernetic model. Interfacing with voice, image, signals and sensors assure connections with the environment. Outputs are reflected in static or physical equilibrium, speech and movements, all reflecting the mobile intelligent actions. Now, the Internet of Things (IoT) is the new trends i ...
Class Notes
... A. The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by membranes called meninges that lie between the bone and the soft tissues. B. The outermost meninx is made up of tough, white dense connective tissue,contains many blood vessels, and is called the dura mater. ...
... A. The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by membranes called meninges that lie between the bone and the soft tissues. B. The outermost meninx is made up of tough, white dense connective tissue,contains many blood vessels, and is called the dura mater. ...
Endocrine System: Overview
... Somatic Motor Pathways 9. What two main somatic motor pathways convey action potentials to skeletal muscles? ...
... Somatic Motor Pathways 9. What two main somatic motor pathways convey action potentials to skeletal muscles? ...
READING And YOUR BRAIN YOUR BRAIN YOUR BRAIN
... minute? Efficient readers are able to read quickly because of the top-down flow of information as depicted in the transactive model described in the last chapter. When we read, we use the information in our head along with the context of what we are reading (semantics) and the syntax of the sentence ...
... minute? Efficient readers are able to read quickly because of the top-down flow of information as depicted in the transactive model described in the last chapter. When we read, we use the information in our head along with the context of what we are reading (semantics) and the syntax of the sentence ...
Introduction and Summary - Cyprus Chiropractic Association
... specific exercises to perform on a regular basis that would afferentate (send messages along specific nerves into the central nervous system) the vestibular system (balance centres) and thereby the cerebellum. The cerebellum is the little brain that occupies the back of the skull and which up to rec ...
... specific exercises to perform on a regular basis that would afferentate (send messages along specific nerves into the central nervous system) the vestibular system (balance centres) and thereby the cerebellum. The cerebellum is the little brain that occupies the back of the skull and which up to rec ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.