Author`s personal copy Computational models of motivated action
... and plasticity by dopamine, plays a key role in reinforcement learning [2] and is necessary for the acquisition, but not always expression, of simple stimulus–response associations [18,19]. Many computational models have linked the phasic bursts and dips observed in midbrain dopamine neuron activity ...
... and plasticity by dopamine, plays a key role in reinforcement learning [2] and is necessary for the acquisition, but not always expression, of simple stimulus–response associations [18,19]. Many computational models have linked the phasic bursts and dips observed in midbrain dopamine neuron activity ...
CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE BRAIN A. PRIMARY MOTOR
... is an energy-conserving strategy to cope _________________________ with time of low food supply. - sleep __________________________________ to keep out of trouble when vulnerable. - species ________________________________________ have evolved very different sleep ___________________________________ ...
... is an energy-conserving strategy to cope _________________________ with time of low food supply. - sleep __________________________________ to keep out of trouble when vulnerable. - species ________________________________________ have evolved very different sleep ___________________________________ ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... declines thereafter, consistent with their role in retroactive switching [13]. Neuronal activity in the ACC after negative feedback can continue if and until the monkey switches procedures [9] (Box 1). Further, switching is impaired by inactivation of the ACC [9]. Second, the switching function of t ...
... declines thereafter, consistent with their role in retroactive switching [13]. Neuronal activity in the ACC after negative feedback can continue if and until the monkey switches procedures [9] (Box 1). Further, switching is impaired by inactivation of the ACC [9]. Second, the switching function of t ...
Psychopharmacology
... • Provides relief from diarrhea and dysentary (microbes in unsanitary water can lead to damage of the intestinal lining) • Opium can promotes constipation and can stop life threatening loss of fluids. – Is a life saving drug in some developing countries ...
... • Provides relief from diarrhea and dysentary (microbes in unsanitary water can lead to damage of the intestinal lining) • Opium can promotes constipation and can stop life threatening loss of fluids. – Is a life saving drug in some developing countries ...
The Development of Neural Synchrony and Large
... an aberrant pruning process that involves an excess elimination of synaptic contacts. Subsequent support for this hypothesis came from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that examined the developmental trajectory of gray matter volume changes during normal adolescence and in patients with chil ...
... an aberrant pruning process that involves an excess elimination of synaptic contacts. Subsequent support for this hypothesis came from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that examined the developmental trajectory of gray matter volume changes during normal adolescence and in patients with chil ...
gross_neuroanatomy-1
... ramus of the CING sulcus separates the frontal from the parietal lobe on the medial surface of the brain • Due to its shape, the part of parietal cortex lying between PO and CING is known as “precuneus” ...
... ramus of the CING sulcus separates the frontal from the parietal lobe on the medial surface of the brain • Due to its shape, the part of parietal cortex lying between PO and CING is known as “precuneus” ...
Distributed patterns of reactivation predict vividness of recollection.
... remember/know paradigm; Tulving, 1985). For example, Johnson et al. (2009) reported significantly greater reactivation when an event is “remembered” (recollected) than when it is “known” (recognized with a sense of familiarity but not recollected). Although these results are compelling, very few stu ...
... remember/know paradigm; Tulving, 1985). For example, Johnson et al. (2009) reported significantly greater reactivation when an event is “remembered” (recollected) than when it is “known” (recognized with a sense of familiarity but not recollected). Although these results are compelling, very few stu ...
The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions
... • Regulation of blood flow - Neuron-derived NO plays a major role in the regulation of blood flow, vasodilation and increased blood flow • At the cellular level, NO can changes intracellular metabolic functions that modify neuronal excitability and influence neurotransmitter release • In the brain, ...
... • Regulation of blood flow - Neuron-derived NO plays a major role in the regulation of blood flow, vasodilation and increased blood flow • At the cellular level, NO can changes intracellular metabolic functions that modify neuronal excitability and influence neurotransmitter release • In the brain, ...
ANPS 019 Beneyto-Santonja 12-03
... o Part of the Diencephalon – lies below the thalamus External Structures of the Hypothalamus Mamillary bodies: o Process olfactory and other sensory information o Control reflexive eating movements: In the movie Awakenings the people who were ‘frozen’ ate using the reflex centers here and the swal ...
... o Part of the Diencephalon – lies below the thalamus External Structures of the Hypothalamus Mamillary bodies: o Process olfactory and other sensory information o Control reflexive eating movements: In the movie Awakenings the people who were ‘frozen’ ate using the reflex centers here and the swal ...
Document
... The Organization of the Brain • Asymmetries in the brain – Language • Understanding about brain mechanisms for language largely derived from studies of patients with brain damage. • Aphasia – language deficit caused by brain damage • Broca’s area – involved in speech production • Wernicke’s area – ...
... The Organization of the Brain • Asymmetries in the brain – Language • Understanding about brain mechanisms for language largely derived from studies of patients with brain damage. • Aphasia – language deficit caused by brain damage • Broca’s area – involved in speech production • Wernicke’s area – ...
Embryonic development of the Drosophila brain: formation of
... the midline at the same time. As soon as the first commissural axonal pathway in the brain across the midline is established, it is followed by other fasciculating commissural axons and, during subsequent embryogenesis, this commissural fascicle differentiates further to become the massive preoral c ...
... the midline at the same time. As soon as the first commissural axonal pathway in the brain across the midline is established, it is followed by other fasciculating commissural axons and, during subsequent embryogenesis, this commissural fascicle differentiates further to become the massive preoral c ...
Brain
... Drugs can inhibit re-uptake so that the neurotransmitter remains longer in the synaptic gap Jette Hannibal - Inthinking ...
... Drugs can inhibit re-uptake so that the neurotransmitter remains longer in the synaptic gap Jette Hannibal - Inthinking ...
Cognitive neuroscience of self-regulation failure
... and mental health problems. Self-regulation can be undermined by failures to transcend overwhelming temptations, negative moods and resource depletion, and when minor lapses in self-control snowball into selfregulatory collapse. Cognitive neuroscience research suggests that successful self-regulatio ...
... and mental health problems. Self-regulation can be undermined by failures to transcend overwhelming temptations, negative moods and resource depletion, and when minor lapses in self-control snowball into selfregulatory collapse. Cognitive neuroscience research suggests that successful self-regulatio ...
Motor Pathways
... Postural adjustments & voluntary movements depend more on cerebellar and basal ganglia function than reflexes ...
... Postural adjustments & voluntary movements depend more on cerebellar and basal ganglia function than reflexes ...
PDF
... indirect, methods to measure dopamine concentration in the striatum. By contrast, many other studies track the firing of dopaminergic neurons by recording electrical activity in the midbrain, where the cell bodies lie (Fig. 1a). Such recordings from rats running through mazes have yet to be reported ...
... indirect, methods to measure dopamine concentration in the striatum. By contrast, many other studies track the firing of dopaminergic neurons by recording electrical activity in the midbrain, where the cell bodies lie (Fig. 1a). Such recordings from rats running through mazes have yet to be reported ...
Chapter Three Biological Aspects of Psychology
... Which of the following choices shows the correct matching of lobe of the cortex with the specialized function of that cortical area? a) frontal – motor cortex; parietal – somatosensory cortex b) frontal – somatosensory cortex; parietal – motor cortex c) occipital – motor cortex; frontal – somatosens ...
... Which of the following choices shows the correct matching of lobe of the cortex with the specialized function of that cortical area? a) frontal – motor cortex; parietal – somatosensory cortex b) frontal – somatosensory cortex; parietal – motor cortex c) occipital – motor cortex; frontal – somatosens ...
The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and
... et al., 2008b). Activations in the lateral and some more anterior parts of the orbitofrontal cortex were correlated with the unpleasantness of the stimuli. In contrast, activations in the somatosensory cortex and ventral posterior insula were correlated with the intensity but not the pleasantness of ...
... et al., 2008b). Activations in the lateral and some more anterior parts of the orbitofrontal cortex were correlated with the unpleasantness of the stimuli. In contrast, activations in the somatosensory cortex and ventral posterior insula were correlated with the intensity but not the pleasantness of ...
Reconstructing the Engram: Neurotechnique Simultaneous, Multisite
... way to visualize the spatiotemporal spread of sensory information as it ascends from the brain stem to the neocortex and how most of the somatosensory system is still responding long after the onset (time 0) of a discrete tactile stimulus. Analysis of multisite recordings revealed that, whereas a ve ...
... way to visualize the spatiotemporal spread of sensory information as it ascends from the brain stem to the neocortex and how most of the somatosensory system is still responding long after the onset (time 0) of a discrete tactile stimulus. Analysis of multisite recordings revealed that, whereas a ve ...
Unique features of the human brainstem and cerebellum
... 2001; Hoover and Strick, 1999; Dum and Strick, 2003; Kelly and Strick, 2003; Akkal et al., 2007). In addition to its contribution to cortical function, the cerebellum also can influence motor control by projections to brainstem structures like the vestibular nuclei that in turn affect movement (Lang ...
... 2001; Hoover and Strick, 1999; Dum and Strick, 2003; Kelly and Strick, 2003; Akkal et al., 2007). In addition to its contribution to cortical function, the cerebellum also can influence motor control by projections to brainstem structures like the vestibular nuclei that in turn affect movement (Lang ...
Neurological Principles and Rehabilitation of Action Disorders
... the actual sensory feedback that accompanies movement. The reason for this is that actual sensory feedback experiences more significant delays in neural transmission from the peripheral nervous system and spinal cord. Outputs of the forward models, if they are well learned, can thus be used to allev ...
... the actual sensory feedback that accompanies movement. The reason for this is that actual sensory feedback experiences more significant delays in neural transmission from the peripheral nervous system and spinal cord. Outputs of the forward models, if they are well learned, can thus be used to allev ...
Rods Cones
... they are functionally blind must use conscious strategies (e.g., closing their eyes) to break fixation from one object inability to perceive more than one object at a time during a single fixation even when two objects occupy the same location in the visual field (simultagnosia) – patient can see a ...
... they are functionally blind must use conscious strategies (e.g., closing their eyes) to break fixation from one object inability to perceive more than one object at a time during a single fixation even when two objects occupy the same location in the visual field (simultagnosia) – patient can see a ...