Beyond Spikes: Neural Codes and the Chemical Vocabulary of
... not concern itself too much with biological realism, so the “neuron” states do not have to correspond to anything an actual cell has to deal with. Even in these cases, though, some of the biological language is preserved. So, if a neuron is considered to be inhibitory, its connection weight to posts ...
... not concern itself too much with biological realism, so the “neuron” states do not have to correspond to anything an actual cell has to deal with. Even in these cases, though, some of the biological language is preserved. So, if a neuron is considered to be inhibitory, its connection weight to posts ...
Group Redundancy Measures Reveals Redundancy Reduction in the Auditory Pathway
... How do groups of sensory neurons interact to code information and how do these interactions change along the ascending sensory pathways ? One view is that sensory systems are composed of a series of processing stations, representing more and more complex aspects of sensory inputs. Among the computat ...
... How do groups of sensory neurons interact to code information and how do these interactions change along the ascending sensory pathways ? One view is that sensory systems are composed of a series of processing stations, representing more and more complex aspects of sensory inputs. Among the computat ...
Slide 1
... view of the monkey brain. The superior colliculus (SC), located on the roof of the midbrain, is a major source of descending control signals. In the cerebral cortex, the major areas involved are the frontal eye fields (FEF), supplementary eye fields (SEF), lateral intraparietal area (LIP), middle te ...
... view of the monkey brain. The superior colliculus (SC), located on the roof of the midbrain, is a major source of descending control signals. In the cerebral cortex, the major areas involved are the frontal eye fields (FEF), supplementary eye fields (SEF), lateral intraparietal area (LIP), middle te ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... The different levels of rotation invariance found across studies could depend on the objects used, the degree of rotation and the type of paradigm used. More recently, researchers have used fMRI-adaptation paradigms with monkeys [47–49]. This provides an important link between methodology (single-ce ...
... The different levels of rotation invariance found across studies could depend on the objects used, the degree of rotation and the type of paradigm used. More recently, researchers have used fMRI-adaptation paradigms with monkeys [47–49]. This provides an important link between methodology (single-ce ...
the manuscript as pdf
... >100,000 patients per year in the United States, leading to an estimated 5–6 million persons suffering chronic effects, which are dominated by ACD (NIH Consensus Development Panel, 1999; Winslade, 1998). A broad spectrum of cognitive capacities is identified in patients recovering consciousness foll ...
... >100,000 patients per year in the United States, leading to an estimated 5–6 million persons suffering chronic effects, which are dominated by ACD (NIH Consensus Development Panel, 1999; Winslade, 1998). A broad spectrum of cognitive capacities is identified in patients recovering consciousness foll ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... The different levels of rotation invariance found across studies could depend on the objects used, the degree of rotation and the type of paradigm used. More recently, researchers have used fMRI-adaptation paradigms with monkeys [47–49]. This provides an important link between methodology (single-ce ...
... The different levels of rotation invariance found across studies could depend on the objects used, the degree of rotation and the type of paradigm used. More recently, researchers have used fMRI-adaptation paradigms with monkeys [47–49]. This provides an important link between methodology (single-ce ...
BECOMING AWARE OF THE WORLD AROUND US
... Light rays enter the eye through cornea, the transparent covering in front of the eye. The cornea is sharply curved. It focuses the light rays on the retina. Behind the cornea is the pupil that appears black. The amount of light that enters the pupil is regulated by the iris, a ring of muscle whose ...
... Light rays enter the eye through cornea, the transparent covering in front of the eye. The cornea is sharply curved. It focuses the light rays on the retina. Behind the cornea is the pupil that appears black. The amount of light that enters the pupil is regulated by the iris, a ring of muscle whose ...
Graduate School Systems Neuroscience, MEDS 5371 2011 BASAL
... Subthalamic Nucleus: is a lens-shaped nucleus, between diencephalon and mesencephalon. When lesioned the patient experience uncontrolled whole body movement- hemiballismus. Subthalamic nucleus sends excitatory impulses to Substantia Nigra and Internal Globus Pallidus, both of which are inhibitory t ...
... Subthalamic Nucleus: is a lens-shaped nucleus, between diencephalon and mesencephalon. When lesioned the patient experience uncontrolled whole body movement- hemiballismus. Subthalamic nucleus sends excitatory impulses to Substantia Nigra and Internal Globus Pallidus, both of which are inhibitory t ...
Correlated neuronal activity and the flow of neural information
... • In theory, neurons might be exquisitely sensitive to certain temporal input patterns. The classical mechanism proposed for this is coincidence detection, which occurs when a neuron is sensitive to the arrival of spikes from two or more inputs within a short time window. ...
... • In theory, neurons might be exquisitely sensitive to certain temporal input patterns. The classical mechanism proposed for this is coincidence detection, which occurs when a neuron is sensitive to the arrival of spikes from two or more inputs within a short time window. ...
Cortical mechanisms of sensory learning and object recognition
... leading to the far left curve would be said to ‘prefer’ the profile face view (or cat stimulus), but would also change activity for the adjacent image. (b) Cat and dog morphs taken from Freedman et al. (2003); face views taken from Eifuku et al. (2004). Selectivity can be increased by raising thresh ...
... leading to the far left curve would be said to ‘prefer’ the profile face view (or cat stimulus), but would also change activity for the adjacent image. (b) Cat and dog morphs taken from Freedman et al. (2003); face views taken from Eifuku et al. (2004). Selectivity can be increased by raising thresh ...
Slide 1
... Cerebral Cortex • Thin (2–4 mm) superficial layer of gray matter • 40% of the mass of the brain • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding • Each hemisphere connects to contralateral side of the body • There is l ...
... Cerebral Cortex • Thin (2–4 mm) superficial layer of gray matter • 40% of the mass of the brain • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding • Each hemisphere connects to contralateral side of the body • There is l ...
NAlab08_DescMotor
... corticospinal tracts condense from the internal capsule to form the basis pedunculi, at this level below the colliculi. Corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers are located in the intermediate portion of the basis pedunculi, and within this portion, they are organized somatotopically: the most lateral ...
... corticospinal tracts condense from the internal capsule to form the basis pedunculi, at this level below the colliculi. Corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers are located in the intermediate portion of the basis pedunculi, and within this portion, they are organized somatotopically: the most lateral ...
Descending Motor Pathways Objective • To learn the functional
... corticospinal tracts condense from the internal capsule to form the basis pedunculi, at this level below the colliculi. Corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers are located in the intermediate portion of the basis pedunculi, and within this portion, they are organized somatotopically: the most lateral ...
... corticospinal tracts condense from the internal capsule to form the basis pedunculi, at this level below the colliculi. Corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers are located in the intermediate portion of the basis pedunculi, and within this portion, they are organized somatotopically: the most lateral ...
Introduction
... Important Notes: If you decide at this stage that one of you wants to pursue a project on his own; or if your group decides that it would be better to split in two groups with rather different aims, that is fine with me. In that case, each November 12 report should come from its own (possibly reduce ...
... Important Notes: If you decide at this stage that one of you wants to pursue a project on his own; or if your group decides that it would be better to split in two groups with rather different aims, that is fine with me. In that case, each November 12 report should come from its own (possibly reduce ...
Infancy: Physical Development
... • Myelination and differentiation of the motor areas of the cortex must occur to master skills • Neonate’s stepping and swimming reflexes – disappear when cortical development inhibits some functions of the lower brain – reappear later, yet differ in quality ...
... • Myelination and differentiation of the motor areas of the cortex must occur to master skills • Neonate’s stepping and swimming reflexes – disappear when cortical development inhibits some functions of the lower brain – reappear later, yet differ in quality ...
Alcoholism, Reduced Cortical Thickness
... thickness were observed as a consequence of chronic alcoholism. The most severe reductions occurred in frontal and temporal brain regions. Decreased cortical thickness among members in the alcoholic group was associated with their severity of alcohol abuse. Of Interest To: Patients with alcohol depe ...
... thickness were observed as a consequence of chronic alcoholism. The most severe reductions occurred in frontal and temporal brain regions. Decreased cortical thickness among members in the alcoholic group was associated with their severity of alcohol abuse. Of Interest To: Patients with alcohol depe ...
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM I
... • There is wide diversity in the shape and size of neurons in different parts of the nervous system. • But all share certain common characteristics. • There is a single cell body from which a variable number of branching processes emerge. ...
... • There is wide diversity in the shape and size of neurons in different parts of the nervous system. • But all share certain common characteristics. • There is a single cell body from which a variable number of branching processes emerge. ...
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM I
... • There is wide diversity in the shape and size of neurons in different parts of the nervous system. • But all share certain common characteristics. • There is a single cell body from which a variable number of branching processes emerge. ...
... • There is wide diversity in the shape and size of neurons in different parts of the nervous system. • But all share certain common characteristics. • There is a single cell body from which a variable number of branching processes emerge. ...
SENSORY SYSTEMS
... REGION, THE TRIGEMINAL AND DORSAL TRIGEMINAL TRACTS FORWARD THE SENSORY INFORMATION TO THE THALAMUS THE SYSTEMS ARE CROSSED AND MULTISYNAPTIC IN NATURE THEY ARE LINKED TO THE SENSORY NUCLEI OF THE THALAMUS, ESPECIALLY THE VENTRAL POSTERO-MEDIAL AND VENTRAL POSTERO-LATERAL NUCLEI THE MAJOR PROCESSING ...
... REGION, THE TRIGEMINAL AND DORSAL TRIGEMINAL TRACTS FORWARD THE SENSORY INFORMATION TO THE THALAMUS THE SYSTEMS ARE CROSSED AND MULTISYNAPTIC IN NATURE THEY ARE LINKED TO THE SENSORY NUCLEI OF THE THALAMUS, ESPECIALLY THE VENTRAL POSTERO-MEDIAL AND VENTRAL POSTERO-LATERAL NUCLEI THE MAJOR PROCESSING ...
biological conditions for the emergence of musical arts in a
... alphabet clearly perceives it as just “one thing” (the letter shch), no matter of what size and where in the visual field it appears. As it happens with vision, the acoustic pattern recognition mechanism of the pitch processor works even if only part of the excitation pattern is available. Indeed, i ...
... alphabet clearly perceives it as just “one thing” (the letter shch), no matter of what size and where in the visual field it appears. As it happens with vision, the acoustic pattern recognition mechanism of the pitch processor works even if only part of the excitation pattern is available. Indeed, i ...
Limbic system – Emotional Experience
... Sertraline (Zoloft) and (3) Paroxetine (Paxil). Some patients do not get sufficient improvement from SSRI therapy. They simply do not respond to this therapy and continue to suffer. In addition, SSRIs may come with adverse side effects (sexual dysfunction, significant weight gain). To address these ...
... Sertraline (Zoloft) and (3) Paroxetine (Paxil). Some patients do not get sufficient improvement from SSRI therapy. They simply do not respond to this therapy and continue to suffer. In addition, SSRIs may come with adverse side effects (sexual dysfunction, significant weight gain). To address these ...
The NTVA framework: Linking Cognition and Neuroscience
... bias parameters. Pertinence values determine which objects are selected (filtering), but perceptual biases determine how the objects are categorized (pigeonholing). In extensive reviews of the psychological attention literature, the TVA model has been shown to account for results from many different ...
... bias parameters. Pertinence values determine which objects are selected (filtering), but perceptual biases determine how the objects are categorized (pigeonholing). In extensive reviews of the psychological attention literature, the TVA model has been shown to account for results from many different ...
control of movement by the CNS - motor neurons found in anterior
... cells in one column may fire when muscle is active in a specific movement (synergy) same cells may be silent when same muscle participates in a different movement not necessary to represent every possible muscle synergy finite set of cardinal synergies, which can be combined and weighted - coding di ...
... cells in one column may fire when muscle is active in a specific movement (synergy) same cells may be silent when same muscle participates in a different movement not necessary to represent every possible muscle synergy finite set of cardinal synergies, which can be combined and weighted - coding di ...
BOX 30.8 THE ROLE OF THE SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS IN
... motor representations and rapidly stopping the voice leads to suppression of hand motor representations. This shows that stopping has very broad effects on the motor system (a “global stop command”). While not proven, this could relate to the fact that the subthalamic nucleus appears to have a very ...
... motor representations and rapidly stopping the voice leads to suppression of hand motor representations. This shows that stopping has very broad effects on the motor system (a “global stop command”). While not proven, this could relate to the fact that the subthalamic nucleus appears to have a very ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... the extracellular recordings based on the height, width and principal components of the waveforms (Datawave, Denver, Colorado) as shown in Figure 12-1D-E2. In those microwires with neuronal recordings (a small fraction of the total as described in (Kreiman, 2002)) we observed an average of 1.72 unit ...
... the extracellular recordings based on the height, width and principal components of the waveforms (Datawave, Denver, Colorado) as shown in Figure 12-1D-E2. In those microwires with neuronal recordings (a small fraction of the total as described in (Kreiman, 2002)) we observed an average of 1.72 unit ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.