Chapter 13 Vocabulary Name
... 14. promoter: control sequence on an operon where RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA (Concept 13.5) 15. operator: control sequence on an operon that acts as a switch, determining whether or not RNA polymerase can attach to the promoter (Concept 13.5) 16. repressor: protein that binds to the operator ...
... 14. promoter: control sequence on an operon where RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA (Concept 13.5) 15. operator: control sequence on an operon that acts as a switch, determining whether or not RNA polymerase can attach to the promoter (Concept 13.5) 16. repressor: protein that binds to the operator ...
Transcription, RNA Processing, and
... So … E. coli will metabolize glucose first, then lactose when the glucose runs out ...
... So … E. coli will metabolize glucose first, then lactose when the glucose runs out ...
Gene prediction
... to the same news in a foreign language, some similarities may become apparent ...
... to the same news in a foreign language, some similarities may become apparent ...
Understanding A Genome Sequence
... DNA is less informative then protein sequence • DNA has four nucleotides while amino acids are twenty • Therefore proteins which are not homologous appear more distant when their amino acid sequences are compared. • In homology search a score for better alignment is given, there are two ways by whic ...
... DNA is less informative then protein sequence • DNA has four nucleotides while amino acids are twenty • Therefore proteins which are not homologous appear more distant when their amino acid sequences are compared. • In homology search a score for better alignment is given, there are two ways by whic ...
DNA
... 13. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen. A mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin leads to a disease called sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell hemoglobin is unable to carry oxygen effectively, resulting in weakness in individuals who inherit ...
... 13. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen. A mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin leads to a disease called sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell hemoglobin is unable to carry oxygen effectively, resulting in weakness in individuals who inherit ...
PDF
... potential. By analysing REST-depleted ES cells, the researchers demonstrate that neural determinants, such as MASH1 and neurogenin 1 and 2, remain appropriately repressed, and that the multi-lineage potential and dominant reprogramming capacity of ES cells do not depend on REST. However, a group of ...
... potential. By analysing REST-depleted ES cells, the researchers demonstrate that neural determinants, such as MASH1 and neurogenin 1 and 2, remain appropriately repressed, and that the multi-lineage potential and dominant reprogramming capacity of ES cells do not depend on REST. However, a group of ...
Workbook 17.1
... 6. How many alleles for black fur are in the sample population and what percentage of allele frequency does that represent? 7. How many alleles for brown fur are in the sample population and what percentage of allele frequency does that represent? 8. Describe how a geneticist might be able to tell t ...
... 6. How many alleles for black fur are in the sample population and what percentage of allele frequency does that represent? 7. How many alleles for brown fur are in the sample population and what percentage of allele frequency does that represent? 8. Describe how a geneticist might be able to tell t ...
Challenge Concentration Type Cellular effect NaCl 1.4M Cation
... in Wine/European strains a different gene variant introgressed from S. paradoxus has been amplified into 3-5 similar paralogs (Warringer et al. 2011). This introgression/duplication largely defines natural yeast variation in salt tolerance. The Ena1 variant plays the critical role in Na+ tolerance ( ...
... in Wine/European strains a different gene variant introgressed from S. paradoxus has been amplified into 3-5 similar paralogs (Warringer et al. 2011). This introgression/duplication largely defines natural yeast variation in salt tolerance. The Ena1 variant plays the critical role in Na+ tolerance ( ...
No Slide Title
... holds sister chromatids together through metaphase INTERmolecular linking of two DNAs (compare to condensin) established at replication fork-preloaded in G1? degraded at onset of anaphase to allow sister separation cohesin in pericentromeric regions recruited by HP1/K9me, may be regulated differentl ...
... holds sister chromatids together through metaphase INTERmolecular linking of two DNAs (compare to condensin) established at replication fork-preloaded in G1? degraded at onset of anaphase to allow sister separation cohesin in pericentromeric regions recruited by HP1/K9me, may be regulated differentl ...
Chapter 8-1
... Example: infect a mammalian cell with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) strain in which a viral gene (VSVG) is fused to GFP gene • Cell begins to make massive amounts of VSVG protein in RER • VSVG then goes to Golgi complex & eventually to the plasma membrane of the infected cell where they are inco ...
... Example: infect a mammalian cell with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) strain in which a viral gene (VSVG) is fused to GFP gene • Cell begins to make massive amounts of VSVG protein in RER • VSVG then goes to Golgi complex & eventually to the plasma membrane of the infected cell where they are inco ...
Our laboratory has been particularly interested in mechanisms of
... Title: Characterization of novel proprietary CD36 modulators in models of age-related macular degeneration. The post-doc position is both academic and industrial (Mperia Therapeutics - a newly launched biotech). CD36 is a scavenger receptor localized on endothelial cells, macrophage/microglia and on ...
... Title: Characterization of novel proprietary CD36 modulators in models of age-related macular degeneration. The post-doc position is both academic and industrial (Mperia Therapeutics - a newly launched biotech). CD36 is a scavenger receptor localized on endothelial cells, macrophage/microglia and on ...
NUTRITIONAL REGULATION OF PREPUBERTAL MAMMARY GLAND GENE EXPRESSION IN HOLSTEIN HEIFER CALVES
... Microarray technology is a powerful tool for the simultaneous analysis of the expression of thousands of genes in a tissue. This high-throughput technology assesses the expression level of “messenger RNA” (mRNA), which is the molecule that encodes and carries information from DNA during several step ...
... Microarray technology is a powerful tool for the simultaneous analysis of the expression of thousands of genes in a tissue. This high-throughput technology assesses the expression level of “messenger RNA” (mRNA), which is the molecule that encodes and carries information from DNA during several step ...
Cell Transport
... • Isotonic – The concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell • Hypotonic – solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell. • Hypertonic – solution has a higher concentration of solute than the cell ...
... • Isotonic – The concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell • Hypotonic – solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell. • Hypertonic – solution has a higher concentration of solute than the cell ...
1. What is a gene?
... Bacterial cells isolated from nature often contain small DNA elements that are not essential for the basic operation of the bacterial cell. These elements are called plasmids. Plasmids are symbiotic molecules that cannot survive at all outside of cells. Even though plasmids are not part of the basic ...
... Bacterial cells isolated from nature often contain small DNA elements that are not essential for the basic operation of the bacterial cell. These elements are called plasmids. Plasmids are symbiotic molecules that cannot survive at all outside of cells. Even though plasmids are not part of the basic ...
Pattern Recognition in Biological Sequences
... At the core of all gene identification programs – there exist one or more coding measures A coding statistic - a function that computes the likelihood that the sequence is coding for a protein. A good knowledge of core coding statistics is important to understand how gene identification programs wor ...
... At the core of all gene identification programs – there exist one or more coding measures A coding statistic - a function that computes the likelihood that the sequence is coding for a protein. A good knowledge of core coding statistics is important to understand how gene identification programs wor ...
C - Bioinformatics Research Center
... Image source: www.mbio.ncsu.edu/JWB/MB409/lecture/ lecture05/lecture05.htm ...
... Image source: www.mbio.ncsu.edu/JWB/MB409/lecture/ lecture05/lecture05.htm ...
Genetic pathway analysis
... But can artificially create gain-of-function ced-3 or ced-4 by overexpressing proteins in specific cells. ...
... But can artificially create gain-of-function ced-3 or ced-4 by overexpressing proteins in specific cells. ...
BIO 101: Transcription and Translation
... Intron (non-coding sequences) are cut out by spliceosomes. Leaving only Exons (Coding sequences) making up the mRNA that leaves the nucleus. Alternative splicing patterns means one gene can make more than one protein ...
... Intron (non-coding sequences) are cut out by spliceosomes. Leaving only Exons (Coding sequences) making up the mRNA that leaves the nucleus. Alternative splicing patterns means one gene can make more than one protein ...
Why teach a course in bioinformatics?
... conformations, it appeared that only an experimentalist with the evolutionary life span of Mother Nature could design a sequence capable of folding into a single, well-defined three-dimensional structure. But now, on page 82 of this issue, Dahiyat and Mayo (1) describe a new approach that makes de n ...
... conformations, it appeared that only an experimentalist with the evolutionary life span of Mother Nature could design a sequence capable of folding into a single, well-defined three-dimensional structure. But now, on page 82 of this issue, Dahiyat and Mayo (1) describe a new approach that makes de n ...
Transcription of multiple cell wall protein
... of CWP2 results in an increased sensitivity to calco£uor white, Congo red, and zymolyase [19], whereas deletion of SED1 results in a somewhat increased tolerance for calco£uor white and Congo red (M.J. van der Vaart, personal communication). Deletion of EGT2, which encodes another cell wall protein ...
... of CWP2 results in an increased sensitivity to calco£uor white, Congo red, and zymolyase [19], whereas deletion of SED1 results in a somewhat increased tolerance for calco£uor white and Congo red (M.J. van der Vaart, personal communication). Deletion of EGT2, which encodes another cell wall protein ...
Exam #2 Bio310 Microbiology F`06 11/15/06
... b.) After inoculation and a week in the incubator you put your gelatin tube in an ice bath for ten minutes and it hardened (does not flow when turned upside down). Bacterium produces gelatinase, which enables it to break down gelatin for food. Breakdown of gelatin results in the tube staying liquid ...
... b.) After inoculation and a week in the incubator you put your gelatin tube in an ice bath for ten minutes and it hardened (does not flow when turned upside down). Bacterium produces gelatinase, which enables it to break down gelatin for food. Breakdown of gelatin results in the tube staying liquid ...
Plasma Membrane/ Cell Wall Continuum
... – CW synthesis & remodeling is PM-related – structure of one depends on the other – formation of a cell plate ...
... – CW synthesis & remodeling is PM-related – structure of one depends on the other – formation of a cell plate ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.