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V 0 sin(  t)
V 0 sin( t)

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Document

... output dc voltage, Vout from a second terminal, with the third terminal connected to ground. ...
ICL7660, ICL7660A CMOS Voltage Converters Features FN3072.7
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... In the ICL7660 and ICL7660A, the 4 switches of Figure 12 are MOS power switches; S1 is a P-Channel device and S2 , S3 and S4 are N-Channel devices. The main difficulty with this approach is that in integrating the switches, the substrates of S3 and S4 must always remain reverse biased with respect t ...
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... equivalent air-gap and very small variation of the magnetic field in the massive rotor discs. Due to the coreless stator there are no iron losses. ...
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... angle changes the sign changes from negative to positive. A positive impedance phase angle indicates an inductive circuit, eliminating Choices A and D. The only difference between Choices B and C is the Resistance. Since Z = 200 Ω, R must be a value less than 200 Ω. Choice C is the correct answer. Z ...
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... go through one complete cycle. This is just T = 1/f = 0.167 sec, as can be read (roughly) off the graph. The angular frequency is the number of radians per second, or 2 times the number of cycles per second. In other words, it is = 2 f = 377 radians/second. Finally, the maximum voltage is about 170 ...
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... −A cos(ωt + φ) = A cos(2πf t + φ ± 180◦ ). Note that usually you do not have the choice between +180◦ or −180◦ . The one that you need to use is the one that makes φ ± 180◦ falls somewhere between −180◦ and +180◦ . 7.2.6. For any1 linear AC circuit, the “steady-state” voltage and current are sinusoi ...
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... results to the case size impedance performance, Figure 8. The external coefficients are clearly dependant on case size and part values. The smaller case size gives smaller coefficients and the inductance coefficients increase for increasing part value while the capacitance coefficients remain relati ...
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... The proportionality can take values in the range 20 to 200 and is not a constant even for a given transistor. It increases for larger emitter currents because the larger number of electrons injected into the base exceeds the available holes for recombination so the fraction which recombine to produ ...
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... configuration. In both the cases, the double-transistor properties are defined by the master transistor. Due to this, the npn slave in the complementary Darlington configuration behaves like a pnp transistor. Thus the complementary Darlington configuration can also be used to replace a pnp transisto ...
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... MATLAB and NL5 to better familiarize the student with some of its operating characteristics. This lab will explore some of the following aspects of the parallel resonant circuit: • Input impedance • Output impedance • Zero frequency • Output power • Output current • Output voltage • Zero poles • Ph ...
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Standing wave ratio



In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line, and SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave's amplitude at an antinode (maximum) to the amplitude at a node (minimum) along the line.The SWR is usually thought of in terms of the maximum and minimum AC voltages along the transmission line, thus called the voltage standing wave ratio or VSWR (sometimes pronounced ""viswar""). For example, the VSWR value 1.2:1 denotes an AC voltage due to standing waves along the transmission line reaching a peak value 1.2 times that of the minimum AC voltage along that line. The SWR can as well be defined as the ratio of the maximum amplitude to minimum amplitude of the transmission line's currents, electric field strength, or the magnetic field strength. Neglecting transmission line loss, these ratios are identical.The power standing wave ratio (PSWR) is defined as the square of the VSWR, however this terminology has no physical relation to actual powers involved in transmission.The SWR can be measured with an instrument called an SWR meter. Since SWR is defined relative to the transmission line's characteristic impedance, the SWR meter must be constructed for that impedance; in practice most transmission lines used in these applications are coaxial cables with an impedance of either 50 or 75 ohms. Checking the SWR is a standard procedure in a radio station, for instance, to verify impedance matching of the antenna to the transmission line (and transmitter). Unlike connecting an impedance analyzer (or ""impedance bridge"") directly to the antenna (or other load), the SWR does not measure the actual impedance of the load, but quantifies the magnitude of the impedance mismatch just performing a measurement on the transmitter side of the transmission line.
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