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video slide
video slide

... Concept 17.2: Transcription is the DNA-directed synthesis of RNA: a closer look • Transcription, the first stage of gene expression, can be examined in more detail • RNA synthesis is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides • RNA synthesi ...
Chapter 4B
Chapter 4B

... 4.32. When a mixture of replicating SV40 DNA molecules are linearized by cutting with a restriction enzyme, the replication bubbles observed all are centered at the same position on the DNA. This indicates replication has proceeded in both directions from the origin. ...
recombinant dna
recombinant dna

... fusion. The DNA from the two fused cells recombines to form a recombinant molecule.  Scientists often use protoplast fusion for the genetic ...
RNA Secondary Structure Based Prediction of Simian
RNA Secondary Structure Based Prediction of Simian

... 5’-leader sequence showed that there are highly conserved regions among SIV subtypes. From these regions, the secondary structures were predicted to find several stem-loops. Gel shift assay showed that some SIV candidate stem-loops had relatively high binding affinity with NCp8. Although further experi ...
powerpoint
powerpoint

... 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a specific region - the DNA "unzips" - the enzyme links together RNA bases that are complementary to one of the DNA strands. - So, a DNA GENE was "read" and an m-RNA "copy" was made G TA C G G T C AT G AAA C T G ...
Antisense Oligonucleotides: Strategies and Applications
Antisense Oligonucleotides: Strategies and Applications

... generally useful reagents for these studies. The most immediately important of these issues was what can be called “persistence.” Synthetic oligonucleotides are foreign to the cells into which they are introduced and they immediately become prey for endogenous nucleases. If synthetic oligonucleotide ...
150-06 (8-10-96) RNA world begins to add up
150-06 (8-10-96) RNA world begins to add up

... RNA world begins to add up The essence of life is the ability of the individual organism to propagate or copy itself. Fans of the RNA world hypothesis, a scenario in which life began with RNA and later added DNA and proteins to its repertoire, are therefore seeking to create self-replicating RNA mol ...
DNA
DNA

... Watson and Crick (1953) suggested a molecular structure for DNA: - a double helix of two nucleotide strands linked together by pairs of organic bases which are joined together by hydrogen bonds - C pairs with G by 3 hydrogen bonds; A pairs with T by 2 hydrogen bonds; consistent with the known rati ...
1 © 2013 AIMS Education Foundation Topic Heredity Key Question
1 © 2013 AIMS Education Foundation Topic Heredity Key Question

... color of flowers and the number of limbs of an animal. Other features, such as the ability to ride a bicycle, are learned through interactions with the environment and cannot be passed on to the next generation. • Every organism requires a set of instructions for specifying its traits. Heredity is ...
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology

... organisms is unknown Knowing the sequences of an organism’s DNA or of a cloned DNA fragment provides valuable information for scientists Can be used to: ...
Cytoplasmic RNA improves accuracy of mRNA
Cytoplasmic RNA improves accuracy of mRNA

... fraction. Genomic DNA and ribosomal RNA traces are detectable in both fractions. Samples 1 and 2 show results with modifications and samples 3 and 4 without modifications. C) qrtPCR showing higher retrieval of mature transcripts when modifications are added to the original Norgen protocol. The relat ...
Structure and function of proteins controlling strain
Structure and function of proteins controlling strain

... the variable amino-terminal regions. These comparisons also show that variation within the amino-terminal LRR region occurs predominantly in regions predicted to form a solvent-exposed parallel sheet and thought to provide a platform for the presentation of nonconserved residues for specific interac ...
Efficient whole-genome DNA methylation analysis of the Human
Efficient whole-genome DNA methylation analysis of the Human

... Aberrant DNA methylation is characteristic of many cancers and differences in methylation have been observed in a wide variety of genomic contexts; for example, both within “classic” promoter-associated CpG islands and also in distal, non-CpG island regions [1, 2]. Establishing a method to broadly a ...
mRNA
mRNA

... Codons: Triplets of Bases • The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code: a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words • These triplets are the smallest units of uniform length that can code for all the amino acids • Example: AGT at a particular position on a DNA st ...
MCB 371/372 homology homology vs analogy
MCB 371/372 homology homology vs analogy

... paralogs and their distribution in genomes provides clues on the way genomes evolved. Gen and genome duplication have emerged as the most important pathway to molecular innovation, including the evolution of developmental pathways. ...
ppt
ppt

... Paralogs: “deepest” bifurcation in molecular tree reflects gene duplication. The study of paralogs and their distribution in genomes provides clues on the way genomes evolved. Gen and genome duplication have emerged as the most important pathway to molecular innovation, including the evolution of de ...
Go ontology
Go ontology

... o A set of integer IDs (i.e., GO terms) is assigned to members of the GO Consortium • GO Consortium members o provide annotations o attend all meetings, o receive funding for supported databases ...
E value - Webcourse
E value - Webcourse

... compare each sequence in the database to query. ...
3. Sequence preprocessing
3. Sequence preprocessing

... Assemblers (e.g. Velvet) and aligners (SHAHA2, BWA, …) use 2-bit encoding system for nucleotides – some replace Ns with random base, some with fixed base (e.g. SHAHA2 & Velvet = A) ...
Non-coding RNAs - Structural Biology Labs
Non-coding RNAs - Structural Biology Labs

... or RNAs come more than in three flavours... ...
Life 9e - Garvness
Life 9e - Garvness

... e. Enzyme Answer: a Textbook Reference: 16.3 How Is Eukaryotic Gene Transcription Regulated? Page: 353 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 48. A DNA sequence, which can be distant from the gene, stimulates transcription when bound by a protein. This sequence is called a(n) a. TATA box. ...
Module 7: The Central Dogma
Module 7: The Central Dogma

... Repressor  and  promotor  proteins   can  bind  with  high  specificity  to  the   “outside”  of  the  DNA  helix  (more  on   this  next  week).   ...
Role of Integration Host Factor in the Transcriptional Activation of
Role of Integration Host Factor in the Transcriptional Activation of

... the outer membrane rings, and the extracellular hook structure (37, 48, 65). The assembly of the hook structure is, in turn, required for translation of the flagellin subunits (class IV) that comprise the filament. The temporal regulation of class III and IV flagellar gene expression is influenced b ...
ppt link
ppt link

... Two daughter helices produced after replication ...
Lecture 5
Lecture 5

... ri unpaired rj unpaired i, j base pair i, j paired , but not to each other ...
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Promoter (genetics)



In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, on the same strand and upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand).Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long.
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